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\n

Dunn held many positions in the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. From 1944-1946, he was a member of the NAEB Board of Directors. From 1947-1948, he was the NAEB Vice President. Also in 1947, he proposed the NAEB adopt a regional model, in which every U.S. state was divided into one of six regions. This proposal was adopted and became integral to the NAEB's operations over the years. From 1951-1952, Dunn again served on the Board of Directors, and in 1952 was also the Region V Director and the chair of the NAEB Membership Committee. In 1953 and 1954, Dunn once again served as the NAEB's Vice President. Dunn died on September 28, 1991 and is buried in Norman, Oklahoma.

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WBBM (780 AM) – branded WBBM Newsradio 780 and 105.9 FM – is a commercial all-news radio station licensed to serve Chicago, Illinois. Owned by Audacy, Inc., its studios are located at Two Prudential Plaza in the Chicago Loop, while the station transmitter—diplexed with sister station WSCR—resides in the nearby suburb of Bloomingdale. WBBM is a Class A station that broadcasts on a clear-channel AM frequency, powered with 35,000 watts by day and 42,000 watts at night, using a non-directional antenna. Its daytime signal provides at least grade B coverage to most of the northern two-thirds of Illinois (as far south as Springfield) as well as large portions of Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan and Indiana. Its city-grade coverage reaches as far north as Milwaukee. At night, WBBM can be heard across much of North America with a good radio, but is strongest in the Midwest.

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Academic administrator and educator during integration, William Charles Akins was born in 1932 in Austin, Texas. He attended segregated Blackshear Elementary School. He next went to Kealing Junior High School and then Anderson High School where he met W.B. Campbell who inspired him to become a principal. He graduated from Huston-Tillotson University with his B.A. degree in history in 1954 and received his M.A. degree from Prairie View A&M University in 1956. Akins also received his administrative certification from Southwest Texas State University.

In 1959, Akins began teaching at Anderson High School, his alma mater, also known as Old Anderson. Three years after beginning, he was recognized as Anderson's Teacher of the Year. In 1964, Akins was selected to be the first African American teacher at Johnson High School, a recently desegregated school. In 1971, he returned to Anderson High School to serve as Assistant Principal where he served until it was closed due to busing desegregation laws. He was then transferred to Lanier High School before becoming the first principal of the new L.C. Anderson High School in 1973. Akins worked through conflicts to set the school on its feet. After leaving L.C. Anderson High School he assumed several central administration roles for the Austin Independent School District including Assistant Superintendent for Business Affairs and Associate Superintendent for Development and Community Partnerships.

Akins received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Huston-Tillotson University in 1982. For his commitment to the Austin school district, in 1998, the district Board of Trustees voted to name Austin's newest high school after Akins. The following year the groundbreaking ceremony for the W. Charles Akins High School was held and the school opened to more than 2,700 students.

Akins passed away on March 29, 2017 at age 84.

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The Iowa Grain and Feed Association (IGFA) was organized in 1988 as the Iowa Grain Dealers Association. A groupof one hundred and fifty elevator operators organized the association in order to gain the benefits of a united group within the industry. The association promoted the interests of the grain and feed and feed industry, offered technical advice and services to its membership, made the association's concerns heard by Iowa's elected officieals in Congress, updated its members on regulations affecting the industry, and sponsored research on the production and processing grain. Once the largest state grain and feed association in the nation with a membership of more than one thousand two hundred two hundred, membership in the association included grain, feed and fertilizer agribusinesses and included both independent and cooperative agribusinesses with a diversity of types and sizes.

From the description of Records, 1951-1988. (Iowa State University). 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In May 1954 the Superintendent of Public Instruction sponsored a Citizens Conference on Educational Television to study the possibilities for educational television in the state. As a result of a Ford Foundation grant in the early 1960s, the Montana Educational Television Committee conducted a major study of educational television resulting in the publication of TV for Montana Education. The 1971 Legislative Assembly mandated that the Superintendent of Public Instruction coordinate efforts to set up an educational television system and appoint an advisory committee, but it provided no funds. Three years later the legislature established the Educational Broadcasting Commission to supercede the previous advisory committee. This commission expired in 1977. From 1972 through 1974 Montana cooperated in two programs of the Federation of Rocky Mountain States: the Educational Technology Demonstration and the Satellite Technology Demonstration. For many years Administrative Assistant Barbara Longmaid coordinated the educational television activities of the superintendent's office.

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The American Literature Group was formed in 1921, after the Modern Language Association (MLA) reluctantly acknowledged a growing scholarly interest in the writing of the United States. At the time such literature was studied primarily in secondary schools, and most colleges and universities had no courses on the topic. Those that did, usually offered only a single survey course. The idea that American literature could stand on its own as a discipline was viewed with skepticism, it being understood at the time as a branch of the literature of England - a branch almost wholly lacking the greatness of its parent.

The members of the new group felt that in order to prove their subject reputable, they must bring it into line with the model of disciplines that had come into being in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. This model was based on the empiricism of the sciences, which had been modified in English as philology, author biography, textual history, and in its furthest speculative reach, influence study. Interpretive criticism was viewed as insufficiently scholarly, the domain of the \"amateurs\" who had dominated writing about American literature up to this point. Similarly, some in the Group thought that it should organize a way to better train secondary school teachers in the area, but this was rejected as insufficiently academic.

The Group met each December at the annual meeting of the Modern Language Association. Many of the early papers presented under the auspices of the Group dealt with the problem of how to build a proper discipline. Work was immediately begun on bibliographies and on lists of manuscript resources and dissertations written (or needed). In 1926, as an aid to research, the field was divided into three areas: the Puritan tradition, Romanticism in American literature, and the frontier spirit. In 1928, the Group's approach was documented by the essays in The Reinterpretation of American Literature (edited by Norman Forester), which added a fourth area, realism. Efforts to establish a quarterly journal that dealt exclusively with American literature began in 1924. Duke University eventually won a small bidding war for it, and the first issue of American Literature was dated March, 1929. In 1928 a full scheme of officers and procedures was put into place with the first version of the articles of organization. This document would be periodically revised over the following decades. One project that never got off the ground was a history of American literature. Almost from its inception, the Group was dissatisfied with the existing one - The Cambridge History of American Literature (1918) - because it was written prior to the discovery of much information, gave no relative weight to different figures and genres, and had no overarching vision of the area. A committee headed by Robert Speller worked toward a plan for a new history during the thirties, but conflicting positions concerning readiness and approach caused the plan to be abandoned by 1941. (Speller proceeded with the project outside of the Group, his work resulting in The Literary History of the United States (1948).)

After World War II, with American literature firmly in place as an academic area, the Group became less central to the discipline's development. The rise of American studies in the early 1950s prompted discussion and dispute concerning the difference between cultural-historical work, and more traditional emphases on literary excellence and the humanistic approach to literature (particularly in the classroom). Insurgent movements occasionally have arisen as the Group was felt to be behind the critical times. In 1968 younger members staged a protest at the annual meeting, agitating for a direct denouncement of the Vietnam War and more explicit politics in general (particularly regarding the college students whom the professors were serving). Meanwhile the Group (which became a full-fledged MLA Section in 1966) has periodically had to fight for particular kinds of recognition and privilege within its parent organization.

A full list of the Group's/Section's Chairs and Secretaries (later Executive Coordinators) is appended to this inventory and may be used as a cross-reference with the container lists to interpret the collection's coverage of various periods and figures. A fuller listing of officers from 1921-1948 is provided in Kermit Vanderbilt's book (cited below) on pages 545-548.

For more information on the American Literature Group/Section, see the following books, parts of which were written using the American Literature Section Papers: Kermit Vanderbilt, American Literature and the Academy(Philadelphia: U. Penn. Press, 1986) David R. Shumway, Creating American Civilization: A Genealogy of American Literature as an Academic Discipline(Minneapolis: U. Minn. Press, 1994).

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KUSD was the name of a former AM radio station run by the University of South Dakota in Vermillion, South Dakota, and a current FM radio station run by South Dakota Public Broadcasting. KUSD AM's call letters and its first license for regular programming were granted on May 27, 1922, although the station held earlier licenses dating back several years. One of its original call signs was WEAJ. Student E.O. Lawrence (who later won a Nobel Prize in Physics) and USD Dean Lewis Akeley were largely responsible for putting this historic station on the air. In its early years, KUSD AM was largely run by a single person, with support from students who volunteered their time.

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Fordham University was founded in 1841.

From the description of Faculty records, 1841-1985. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 155482332From the description of Administrative records, 1846-1985, 1936-1985 (bulk) (Unknown). 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It was first on the air in 1957, and in 2007, celebrated its 50th anniversary. It is a non-commercial college radio station that plays many styles of music broadly classified under rock, specialty, fine arts, alternative music and Latin jazz. KXLU has a small, cult following among music fans in the general Los Ángeles metropolitan area.[citation needed] The station's rock programming runs between 2am and 6pm on weekdays and the hosts during this time are predominantly college students. Specialty shows include \"Stray Pop\" hosted by Stella, \"Music For Nimrods\" hosted by Reverend Dan, \"She Rocks\" hosted by McAllister, Biancadonk and Cass Monster, \"In a Dream\" hosted by Mystic Pete, \"The Bomb Shelter\" hosted by Uncle Tim, \"Livation\" hosted by Robert Douglas and Hilary Russell, \"The Molotov Cocktail Hour\" hosted by Cyrano & Señor Amor, \"The Windmills of Your Mind\" hosted by Taylor 2000, \"Neuz Pollution\" hosted by Chris Candy and Maki, \"Demolisten\" hosted by Fred and Sean Carnage, and \"A Fistful Of Vinyl\" hosted by Alec & John, \"Center Stage\" hosted by Mark Gordon, among other programs. There is also a public affairs program called \"Echo in the Sense\". Their weekend Latin jazz programming \"Alma del Barrio\" has been on the air since 1973. The current General Manager is Nate Rynaski, the current Program Director is Lilly McCarty, and the current Music Director is Kees Wilcox. 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Owned by Birach Broadcasting Corporation, the station features a brokered ethnic format, except for a midday show which features a mix of easy listening, adult standards and big band music. WEW's daily schedule consists largely of foreign language programming, mostly targeting area Bosnians, and weekend programming featuring German, Italian, Polish, and Spanish. The studios are located on Hampton Avenue in St. Louis, and its transmitter is located in Caseyville, Illinois. WEW is licensed to only broadcast during daytime hours, with a power of 1,000 watts on 770 kHz. On April 28, 2016 the station was granted a Federal Communications Commission construction permit to move to a new transmitter site, increase day power to 10,000 watts and add nighttime operation with 200 watts while still protecting clear-channel station WABC (AM) in New York City. 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The network is a founding member of National Public Radio and an affiliate of Public Radio International, American Public Media, and BBC World Service. Its main studio is located in Ann Arbor, with satellite studios in Flint and offices in Grand Rapids. It currently airs news and talk, which it has since July 1, 1996. WUOM (91.7 FM) in Ann Arbor is the flagship station of Michigan Radio, broadcasting with a 93,000 watt transmitter from a 237 meters (778 ft) tower near Pinckney. The University of Michigan applied to the FCC on September 11, 1944, for a station at 43.1 FM (part of a band of frequencies used for testing of Frequency Modulation) with a power of 50,000 watts. At the time an assignment on the new FM band was seen as a significant disadvantage. 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Owned by WMHT Educational Telecommunications (formerly known as the Mohawk-Hudson Council on Educational Television, Inc.), it is a sister station to National Public Radio (NPR) member WMHT-FM (89.1 MHz). The two stations share studios in the Rensselaer Technology Park in North Greenbush (with a Troy mailing address); the TV station's transmitter is located in the Helderberg Escarpment in New Scotland. WMHT operates digital translator W23ER-D (channel 23) in Poughkeepsie (part of the New York City market). 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The Fund had its own board of directors and staff, and it was both a grant-giving and an operating organization. During its early years, the Fund financed the sometimes controversial Test Cities experiment, the purpose of which was to ascertain the best ways to coordinate and stimulate adult education activities, community by community. The Test Cities Project involved individuals and institutions in thirteen United States communities in an experimental and novel educational project. Each of the participating Test Cities programs was independent of the Fund and controlled its own programs. The Fund officially ended its activities in 1961, although it continued as a legal entity (just as some of the projects to which it gave long-term grants continued) after 1961. Description From the guide to the Fund for Adult Education Records, 1950-1969, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries) The Fund for Adult Education was established by the Ford Foundation. 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The Fund for Adult Education (FAE) was a subsidiary foundation established and supported by the Ford Foundation. Founded in 1951, the Fund had as its purpose to aid and to encourage liberal adult education especially in political, economic, and international affairs and the humanities, with emphasis on study-discussion. However, because of the coincidence of history, the Fund became the main instrument in the establishment of an educational broadcasting system (particularly ETV) in the United States. The Fund had its own board of directors and staff, and it was both a grant-giving and an operating organization. During its early years, the Fund financed the sometimes controversial Test Cities experiment, the purpose of which was to ascertain the best ways to coordinate and stimulate adult education activities, community by community. The Test Cities Project involved individuals and institutions in thirteen United States communities in an experimental and novel educational project. Each of the participating Test Cities programs was independent of the Fund and controlled its own programs. The Fund officially ended its activities in 1961, although it continued as a legal entity (just as some of the projects to which it gave long-term grants continued) after 1961. Description

From the guide to the Fund for Adult Education Records, 1950-1969, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries)

The Fund for Adult Education was established by the Ford Foundation.

From the description of Records, 1951-1972. (Unknown). 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He was best known for his work in Washington D.C. where he was the Vice President of National Affairs at the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), and later at PBS. He helped pass the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 and lobbied for funding for Sesame Street. Hailed as \"Public Television's voice on Capitol Hill,\" Chalmers was awarded the Ralph Lowell Award for his contributions to public broadcasting in 1992. Chalmers Marquis was born in Bloomington, Illinois on November 12, 1926 and graduated from Hyde Park High School in Chicago. In 12th grade, he had a successful nightclub routine and was recruited by the William Morris Agency to go on a national tour. From Wikipedia article: Chalmers Marquis. Chalmers Marquis, a longtime lobbyist for educational television, attended the University of Chicago College before moving on to the University of Illinois, where he trained in journalism and broadcasting and studied under Frank Schooley . While at the University, Marquis created a campus radio station that broadcast from a photography store in Urbana. Upon completion of his courses in 1950, Marquis accepted a job as a \"dolly-pusher\" at WGN TV, where he remained for three years. He then took a position at WBBM TV, the CBS affiliate in Chicago. There, he produced and directed numerous commercials in addition to his work with regular programming. Marquis's desire to see television used as an instrument of learning rather than merely passive entertainment prompted his acceptance in 1955 of a position with WTTW, Chicago's public television station. First working as a producer/director, Marquis soon moved into the realm of public relations and development, and eventually became director of programming. He remained with WTTW for nine years, during which time the station was the largest public broadcaster in the United States, setting the standard for educational broadcasting. Despite various obstacles, such as a lack of funding and a kilowatt signal approximately one quarter as powerful as those of commercial stations, Marquis fostered the genesis of numerous projects and expanded WTTW. He organized Chicago Area School Television (CAST), which broadcasted two channels into local classrooms. In 1965 Marquis became the first full-time executive director of Educational Television Stations (ETS, created in 1963), the newly-formed television arm of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) . He participated in the establishment of the Educational Television Stations Program Service (later the Public Television Library ), which supplied programming to public television stations. He was also involved in the movement to create the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) . Due to the consistent lack of funding for public television stations, Marquis spent increasing amounts of time lobbying for government funding, particularly from administrative departments such as Health, Education, and Welfare. He fought to push through the House of Representatives legislation that eventually became the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 . Marquis's work at ETS led to his position in 1970 as Executive Vice President of NAEB, which he followed with a term at the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Marquis then became a full-time lobbyist as legislative liaison for the National Association of Public Television Stations (NAPTS), which later became America's Association of Public Television, Inc. (APTV), a lobbying arm of the Association of America's Public Television Stations (APTS). Along with his work for NAPTS, Marquis frequently lobbied Congress on behalf of the Children's Television Workshop . He spent much of his time gathering evidence, later presented to various congressional committees, demonstrating the positive impact of public broadcasting and the necessity for its continued existence. His work involved efforts to obtain funds from the National Science Foundation, to procure government funding for CTW programs such as 3-2-1 Contact, Square One TV, and Ghostwriter, and to further the development of the National Endowment for Children's Educational Television. From the guide to the Chalmers Marquis Papers, 1978-1993, and undated, 1985-1992, (Mass Media and Culture) Public broadcasting lobbyist. Director of programming, WTTW (Chicago, IL) 1955-1964; Executive director, Educational Television Stations division, National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 1965-1970; Legislative liasion, National Association of Public Television Stations; Lobbyist on behalf of the Children's Television Workshop. 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Chalmers Marquis, a longtime lobbyist for educational television, attended the University of Chicago College before moving on to the University of Illinois, where he trained in journalism and broadcasting and studied under Frank Schooley . While at the University, Marquis created a campus radio station that broadcast from a photography store in Urbana. Upon completion of his courses in 1950, Marquis accepted a job as a \"dolly-pusher\" at WGN TV, where he remained for three years. He then took a position at WBBM TV, the CBS affiliate in Chicago. There, he produced and directed numerous commercials in addition to his work with regular programming.

Marquis's desire to see television used as an instrument of learning rather than merely passive entertainment prompted his acceptance in 1955 of a position with WTTW, Chicago's public television station. First working as a producer/director, Marquis soon moved into the realm of public relations and development, and eventually became director of programming. He remained with WTTW for nine years, during which time the station was the largest public broadcaster in the United States, setting the standard for educational broadcasting.

Despite various obstacles, such as a lack of funding and a kilowatt signal approximately one quarter as powerful as those of commercial stations, Marquis fostered the genesis of numerous projects and expanded WTTW. He organized Chicago Area School Television (CAST), which broadcasted two channels into local classrooms.

In 1965 Marquis became the first full-time executive director of Educational Television Stations (ETS, created in 1963), the newly-formed television arm of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) . He participated in the establishment of the Educational Television Stations Program Service (later the Public Television Library ), which supplied programming to public television stations. He was also involved in the movement to create the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) .

Due to the consistent lack of funding for public television stations, Marquis spent increasing amounts of time lobbying for government funding, particularly from administrative departments such as Health, Education, and Welfare. He fought to push through the House of Representatives legislation that eventually became the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 .

Marquis's work at ETS led to his position in 1970 as Executive Vice President of NAEB, which he followed with a term at the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Marquis then became a full-time lobbyist as legislative liaison for the National Association of Public Television Stations (NAPTS), which later became America's Association of Public Television, Inc. (APTV), a lobbying arm of the Association of America's Public Television Stations (APTS).

Along with his work for NAPTS, Marquis frequently lobbied Congress on behalf of the Children's Television Workshop . He spent much of his time gathering evidence, later presented to various congressional committees, demonstrating the positive impact of public broadcasting and the necessity for its continued existence. His work involved efforts to obtain funds from the National Science Foundation, to procure government funding for CTW programs such as 3-2-1 Contact, Square One TV, and Ghostwriter, and to further the development of the National Endowment for Children's Educational Television.

From the guide to the Chalmers Marquis Papers, 1978-1993, and undated, 1985-1992, (Mass Media and Culture)

Public broadcasting lobbyist.

Director of programming, WTTW (Chicago, IL) 1955-1964; Executive director, Educational Television Stations division, National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 1965-1970; Legislative liasion, National Association of Public Television Stations; Lobbyist on behalf of the Children's Television Workshop.

From the description of Chalmers Marquis Papers, 1978-1993 and undated (University of Maryland Libraries). 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Licensed to Pompano Beach, Florida, United States, the station is owned by the Beasley Broadcast Group, Inc., through licensee Beasley Media Group, LLC. Its studios are in Boca Raton and the transmitter was in Parkland. The Pompano Beach Broadcasting Corporation received a construction permit for a daytime-only radio station on 980 kHz in Pompano Beach on October 15, 1958. WLOD, standing for \"Wonderful Land of Dreams\", went on the air on May 1, 1959. The station went through several changes of ownership in its first few years. Before going on air, Wellington Shilling and Charles Johnson had sold their stakes to Arthur Harre and Leonard Versluis; within a year, the station had been acquired by the Franklin Broadcasting Company, which owned it until selling to Sunrise Broadcasting Company in 1965. The station sponsored a women's tennis tournament, which was dubbed the WLOD International. 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Founded in 1864, it is the oldest independent private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States. It is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities – very high research activity\". DU enrolls approximately 5,700 undergraduate students and 7,200 graduate students. The 125-acre (0.51 km2) main campus is a designated arboretum and is located primarily in the University Neighborhood, about five miles (8 km) south of downtown Denver. The 720-acre Kennedy Mountain Campus is located approximately 110 miles northwest of Denver, in Larimer County. In March, 1864, John Evans, former Governor of the Colorado Territory, appointee of President Abraham Lincoln, founded the Colorado Seminary in the newly created (1858) city of Denver, which was then a mining camp. 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They sang traditional folk songs from around the world, as well as blues, gospel music, children's songs, labor songs, and American ballads, and sold millions of records at the height of their popularity. Their style inspired the commercial \"folk boom\" that followed them in the 1950s and 1960s,[citation needed] including such performers as the Kingston Trio, Peter, Paul, and Mary, the Rooftop Singers, the Seekers, Joan Baez, Don Mclean and Bob Dylan. In 1940, Lee Hays and Pete Seeger co-founded the Almanac Singers, which promoted peace and isolationism during World War II, working with the American Peace Mobilization (APM). It featured many songs opposing entry into the war by the U.S. In June 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the APM changed its name to the American People's Mobilization and altered its focus to supporting U.S. entry into the war. The Almanacs supported the change and produced many pro-war songs urging the U.S. to fight on the side of the Allies. The Almanac Singers disbanded after the U.S. entered the war. 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WOI – branded Iowa Public Radio – is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Ames, Iowa. Owned by Iowa State University, the station covers the Des Moines metropolitan area. Broadcasting a mix of public radio and talk radio, WOI is the flagship station for Iowa Public Radio's News Network and the market member station for NPR, Public Radio International, and the BBC World Service. The WOI studios are located at Iowa State University's Communications Building, while the station transmitter resides southwest of Ames. Historically, WOI is among one of the oldest radio stations in the United States, and one of the oldest surviving stations in North America, having begun experimental transmissions in 1911. By 1913, the station had an experimental call sign, and made its first sound broadcast in 1921. It was licensed with the WOI call sign in 1922. WOI and WSUI may share the title of oldest non-commercial radio station west of the Mississippi River. For at least 20 years beginning in 1926, W.I. Griffith served as director of the station. Much of the station's content, especially in its early years, centered on farm and market-related programs, catering to the needs of the local population. In 1946, WOI wrote a letter to the Federal Communications Commission urging it to allow the station to broadcast on clear channel frequencies at night in order to increase its reach and number of possible programs, an option not available to WOI's class of station at the time. The letter included survey results and statistics showing WOI's popularity and listeners' desire for evening content. In 1949, WOI launched its sister station WOI-FM.

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Until the rapid multiplication in the number of swing bands from 1935 on, the Casa Loma Orchestra was one of the top North American dance bands. With the decline of the big band business following the end of World War II, it disbanded in 1947. However, from 1957 to 1963, it re-emerged as a recording session band in Hollywood, made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963. The band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. 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It was established in 1948 by RAI – Radiotelevisione Italiana (in 1948, RAI had the denomination RAI – Radio Audizioni Italiane) in Capri. Eighty seven public and private radio and television organizations representing 46 countries from the five continents form and outline the community of the Prix Italia which is in continuous evolution. Unique in the world, among International festivals and prizes, it is the organizational and decision-making body of the Prix. The delegates decide and resolve the editorial outline and elect the President. RAI is in charge and responsible of the organization of the manifestation, and the General Secretariat has its headquarters in Rome. Prix Italia is held in an Italian city of art and culture annually every September for a week, in collaboration with local authorities. The event is an authentic and unique moment of congregation and professional comparison on the quality of the programmes. It is the right venue where one can collaborate and define agreements and exchange points of view. ", "placeNames": [ "Italy" ], "airtableId": "recxjCMxhiMh807bb" }, "airtableId": "rec4AXvrO8QeQOEEB" }, { "id": "holloway-robert", "name": "Holloway, Robert", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec4Ao4QHCPM2sGZK" }, { "id": "christiansen-kenneth-a", "name": "Christiansen, Kenneth A.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q21061335", "name": "Kenneth A. Christiansen", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American speleobiologist and Collembola systematist", "birthDate": "1924-06-24T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "2017-11-26T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "United States of America", "deathPlace": "Grinnell", "altNames": [ "Kenneth Christiansen", "K. A. 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W9XHZ was an AM radio station in Bloomington, Indiana founded in May 1946 by Sarkes Tarzian. The station operated on a higher-than-normal frequency to which existing AM radios could not tune, and so Tarzian modified radios to distribute to W9XHZ listeners.

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United Press International is a major news service. It was founded in 1907 by E. W. Scripps as United Press and merged in 1958 with International News Service, which had been established by William Randolph Hearst in 1909. The service, which is distributed worldwide, is headquartered in New York.

From the description of Press files, ca.1970-1985. (Florida State Archive). WorldCat record id: 32413400

E. W. Scripps started the United Press Association in 1907, by combining three regional news services. Under General Manager Roy Howard, the UP became the first North American news agency to serve newspapers around the globe. It established European bureaus. It merged with International News Services (founded by Randolph Hearst) to become UPI in 1958. UPI struggled through revolving ownerships and bankruptcies durng the 1980s and 1990s. Today UPI distributes news to media outlets, businesses, governments, and researchers. They are headquartered in Washington, D.C. The following are \"firsts\" accomplished by UPI:

1932 -- Emphasizes the \"byline\" story1935 -- First news service for radio1945 -- First all-sports wire1952 -- International TV news film service launched1973 -- UPI Cable Newswire launched1981 -- First satellite data transmission by any news agency1984 -- First customized news selection services for broadcasters and newspapers1990s-- First news wire on BBS systems and World Wide Web2001 -- Deploys multi-lingual \"virtual newsroom\" independent of physical location2002 -- First multi-lingual news industry taxonomyFrom the guide to the United Press International : Santa Fe Office Collection, 1947-1990, (Museum of New Mexico. Fray Angélico Chávez History Library.)

The Brooklyn Dodgers were a baseball team based in Brooklyn and founded in 1883. Between 1883 and 1931, the team that would become the Brooklyn Dodgers went through numerous monikers including the Bridegrooms, the Superbas, the Robins, and the Trolley Dodgers--purportedly coined for Brooklynites ability to dodge the dangerous streetcars in Brooklyn. In 1913, the team moved to a new home field, Ebbets Field, and the next year hired Manager Wilbert Robinson (hence the name the Brooklyn Robins) who would become the winningest manager in the teams' history. After 18 years at the helm, Robinson retired as manager in 1931. The following year, in 1932, the team officially became the Brooklyn Dodgers and remained so until the end of 1957 season, when the team was moved to Los Angeles.

Throughout the teams' history, under various names, the team won the National League Pennant nine times between 1916 to 1957. The Brooklyn Dodgers also made history by being the first team to sign a black player into the modern major leagues--Jackie Robinson. Originally signed to the Dodgers minor league team, the Montreal Royals, in October of 1945, Robinson was brought up to the majors in 1947, where he subsequently earned the Rookie of the Year award that same year. Although the team played in the World Series nine times, they won the World Series only once in 1955. Regardless, the teams' fans were nearly as renowned at the team itself, known for their antics and loyalty. In 1958, the Brooklyn Dodgers became the Los Angeles Dodgers. Ebbets Field was demolished in 1960.

Sources:Weinstein, Stephen. \"Brooklyn Dodgers.\" InThe Encyclopedia of New York City, edited by Kenneth T. Jackson, 155-156. 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Hentoff was a columnist for The Village Voice from 1958 to 2009. Following his departure from The Village Voice, Hentoff became a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and continued writing his music column for The Wall Street Journal, which published his works until his death. He often wrote on First Amendment issues, vigorously defending the freedom of the press. Hentoff was formerly a columnist for: Down Beat, JazzTimes, Legal Times, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Progressive, Editor & Publisher and Free Inquiry. He was a staff writer for The New Yorker, and his writings were also published in: The New York Times, Jewish World Review, The Atlantic, The New Republic, Commonweal, and Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo. ", "altNames": [ "Hentoff, Nat", "Nathan Irving Hentoff", "Nathan Hentoff", "Nat" ], "occupation": [ "historian", "writer", "music historian", "record producer", "composer", "children's writer", "journalist", "columnist", "novelist", "essayist", "music critic", "music journalist" ], "fieldOfWork": [ "jazz" ], "employer": [ "The Washington Times", "WMEX", "Down Beat", "Candid Records", "Village Voice", "New York University" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50000219" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/99961972", "https://viaf.org/viaf/19678826" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50000219" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jm2nmp", "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b12ksc" ], "airtableId": "rechGGJzBm6UESqWU" }, "snac": { "snacId": "72204281", "description": "

Nathan Irving Hentoff, born 1925, was an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media. He attended Northeastern University, and later Harvard University and Sorbonne University in France for graduate study. In his early career, he worked primarily in broadcast journalism, working primarily on jazz-related programs. Hentoff produced and hosted the 1964-1965 WGBH radio program \"Evolution of Jazz\". Hentoff was a columnist for The Village Voice from 1958 to 2009. Following his departure from The Village Voice, Hentoff became a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and continued writing his music column for The Wall Street Journal, which published his works until his death. He often wrote on First Amendment issues, vigorously defending the freedom of the press. Hentoff was formerly a columnist for: Down Beat, JazzTimes, Legal Times, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Progressive, Editor & Publisher and Free Inquiry. He was a staff writer for The New Yorker, and his writings were also published in: The New York Times, Jewish World Review, The Atlantic, The New Republic, Commonweal, and Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo. His work spanned many topics, including history of jazz, educational issues, and politics. Hentoff died in 2017.

\n From the combined records of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), held by the University of Maryland and the Wisconsin Historical Society, and compiled as part of the Unlocking the Airwaves project (unlockingtheairwaves.org).", "birthDate": "1925-06-10", "deathDate": "2017-01-07", "altNames": [ "Nat Hentoff (", "Hentoff, Nathan Irving" ], "subjects": [ "Public broadcasting", "Public broadcasting--United States", "Radio", "Educational broadcasting", "Public broadcasting--History--Sources", "Educational broadcasting--History", "Educational broadcasting--United States--History--Sources", "Public radio", "Public radio--History", "Radio broadcasting--20th century" ], "placeNames": [ "Boston (Mass.)", "Manhattan (New York, N.Y.)" ], "occupations": [ "Historians", "Composer", "Journalists", "Music critics", "Writers", "Record producers", "Novelists" ], "associatedWith": [ "Village Voice", "New York University" ], "sameAs": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50000219", "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1371409", "https://viaf.org/viaf/19678826", "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50000219" ], "airtableId": "recPXBzgakQgzgrch" }, "airtableId": "rec4X9GjV8onLWCNu" }, { "id": "nixon-ed", "name": "Nixon, E.D.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec4ZPRWp3hxmYdXe" }, { "id": "garland-ailsa", "name": "Garland, Ailsa", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec4ZbdQKYVotgsld" }, { "id": "kipnis-alexander-1891-1978", "name": "Kipnis, Alexander, 1891-1978", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec4ZkjecrouWYcqj" }, { "id": "gann-ernest-k", "name": "Gann, Ernest K.", "airtableId": "rec4a3rIIz3lrPDhO" }, { "id": "montgomery-robert-l", "name": "Montgomery, Robert L.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec4aMhKU4ub4efla" }, { "id": "vosberg-elizabeth", "name": "Vosberg, Elizabeth", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec4ay4FoKFfxnSNk" }, { "id": "berlioz-hector-1803-1869", "name": "Berlioz, Hector, 1803-1869", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1151", "name": "Hector Berlioz", "wikidataLabelDescription": "French Romantic composer", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Berlioz", "birthDate": "1803-12-11T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1869-03-08T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "La Côte-Saint-André", "deathPlace": "Paris", "description": "Louis-Hector Berlioz[n 1] (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem and L'Enfance du Christ, his three operas Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and Béatrice et Bénédict, and works of hybrid genres such as the \"dramatic symphony\" Roméo et Juliette and the \"dramatic legend\" La Damnation de Faust. The elder son of a provincial doctor, Berlioz was expected to follow his father into medicine, and he attended a Parisian medical college before defying his family by taking up music as a profession. His independence of mind and refusal to follow traditional rules and formulas put him at odds with the conservative musical establishment of Paris. He briefly moderated his style sufficiently to win France's premier music prize – the Prix de Rome – in 1830, but he learned little from the academics of the Paris Conservatoire. Opinion was divided for many years between those who thought him an original genius and those who viewed his music as lacking in form and coherence. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/berlioz-hector-1803-1869.png", "altNames": [ "Louis Hector Berlioz" ], "occupation": [ "classical composer", "journalist", "conductor", "writer", "autobiographer", "music critic", "librettist", "virtuoso", "librarian", "author", "composer" ], "fieldOfWork": [ "performing arts", "music" ], "memberOf": [ "Royal Swedish Academy of Music" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79091197" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/71577105" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79091197" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61s7dmr" ], "placeNames": [ "Paris", "La Côte-Saint-André", "Republic of France" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "composition-music", "title": "Composition (Music)" }, { "id": "composers", "title": "Composers" }, { "id": "opera", "title": "Opera" }, { "id": "piano-music", "title": "Piano music" } ], "airtableId": "recvNgfoToni8J9i1" }, "snac": { "snacId": "83835565", "description": "

Hector Berlioz was a French composer.

From the description of Letter : from M. Berlioz, Paris, to Monsieur Busset, ingénieur, Dijon, Côte d'Or, 1836 Oct. 9. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122626765From the guide to the Letter : from M. Berlioz, Paris, to Monsieur Busset, ingénieur, Dijon, Côte d'Or, 1836 Oct. 9, (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

French composer, 19th century.

From the description of Autograph letter signed from Berlioz to Théodore Ritter, 1861 Dec. 15. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122500143From the description of Autograph letter signed from Berlioz to Gatayes, 1851 April. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122289403From the description of Autograph letter signed from Berlioz to Maurice. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122387797From the description of Autograph note signed from Berlioz to M. Raudillon. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 86130416From the description of Autograph letter signed from Berlioz to M. Leroy, 14 February, 1838. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754866795From the description of Letter to \"Monsieur\". (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122354380From the description of Autograph letter signed, from Berlioz to Janin. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122571792From the description of Autograph letter signed from Berlioz to [Henry Fothergill] Chorley, Dresden, [1842] April 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122571788From the description of 5 autograph notes signed from Berlioz to unknown correspondent, 1848. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122398233

Berlioz was known to have been editing his memoirs in the years before their publication in 1865. Cf. New Grove.

From the description of Draft of chapters 6-8 of Les mémoires : manuscript, [between 1860 and 1865?]. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 259945760

Epithet: composer

British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000977.0x0002fd

Hector Berlioz was a French composer. In 1837 the Minister of Fine Arts commissioned him to compose a Requiem Mass to be performed on the 7th anniversary of the heroes of July 28, 1830. He finished his Grande Messe des Morts on June 29, but days before the occasion, the bureaus cancelled the ceremony. The recipient, Pierre-Louis-Philippe Dietsch, was maitre de chapelle at St.-Eustache, and later at Ste.-Madeleine.

From the description of Letter : from M. Berlioz, [Paris], to Mons. Dietch [sic], rue du Melder 14 bis, [Paris], [1837 Jul.]. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 144652277From the guide to the Letter : from M. Berlioz, [Paris], to Mons. Dietch [sic], rue du Melder 14 bis, [Paris], 1837 Jul., (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

French composer.

From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to \"Mon cher Gruneizen\" [i.e. Charles Lewis Gruneisen] 1851 Apr. 25. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672483From the description of Autograph letters signed (3), dated : Paris, 14 June 1857, 1 January 1859, and 29 November 1862, to [Jakob Melchior Rieter-]Biedermann, 1857 June 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672584From the description of \"Strophe du prologue / de Romeo et Juliette Symphonie avec choeurs.\" (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561855From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to an unidentified recipient, 1860 Mar. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900084From the description of Autograph letter signed, postmarked : Paris, 5 June 1843, to his father, [Louis Berlioz], in La Côte-St.-André, 1843 June 5. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900354From the description of Autograph letters signed (2), dated : [n.p.], 2 December 1859, and Paris, 23 December 1863, to [Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein], 1859 Dec. 2. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900359From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to L[ouis] Perrot, 1844 Jan. 20. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900079From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, [15 February or 18 April 1850?], to M. Seligmann, 1850 Feb. 15. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270906359From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 24 September [1867], to [Auguste de] Gasperini, 1867 Sept. 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672472From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to [Robert] Schumann, 1839 Feb. 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672625From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to M. [Louis] Berlioz, his father, in La Côte-St.-André, 1840 Sept. 22. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672401From the description of Autograph letter, dated : Paris, to [Humbert Ferrand], 1833 Oct. 25. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672460From the description of Autograph letter signed : [n.p., Paris, n.d.], to Emile Deschamps, [n.d., 1839 Feb. or Mar.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672432From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris], 11 November 1867, to his uncle [Félix-Joseph Marmion], 1867 Nov. 11. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672530From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Berlin?], to [Heinrich?] Schlesinger, 1843 Apr. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672615From the description of Autograph letters signed (3), dated : Paris, to [Richard] Pohl, 1863 Jan. 17. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672565From the description of Autograph letter signed : [n.p.], to [Albert de?] Lasalle, n.d. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672522From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 2 November 1863, to Camille [Pal], 1863 Nov. 2. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672551From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], \"Vendredi soir\" to an unidentified recipient 1848 Oct. 27. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672654From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to the [Gustav] Heinze, 1863 Oct. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672486From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 1 November 1828, to his sister Nanci [Pal], 1828 Nov. 1. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672561From the description of Autograph letters signed (8), dated : Gotha, [5 February 1856], and Paris, 15 November and 16 December 1855, 24 June, 3 and 21 September, and 14 November 1856, and 25 September 1859, to Princesse Sayn-Wittgenstein, 1855-1859. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672607From the description of Autograph letters signed (2), dated : [Paris], 28 April 1859, to [A.-J.] Lorentz 1845 Sept. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672525From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to [Ferdinand] Hiller, 1851 Feb. 17. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672504From the description of Autograph letter signed : [Paris, n.d., ca. 3 October 1859], to [Pauline] Viardot, 3 Oct. 1859. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672641From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to [Humbert Ferrand], 1830 May 13. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672454From the description of Autograph letters signed (2), dated : [Paris], to [Humbert Ferrand] 1834 May 17 and 1858 Nov. 19. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672462From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris, to [Antoine] Etex, 1833 Feb. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672449From the description of Autograph manuscript, dated : [Paris], 1825-1827. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672647From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p.], to Mme [Pauline] Viardot, 1859, 11 October. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672636From the description of Autograph letters signed (5), dated : Paris, 28 July 1827, 5 April 1848 and 26 November [1848], and 29 December 1849, and London, 4 March 1849, to his sister Nanci Berlioz [later Pal], 1827 July 28 and 1849 Mar. 4. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672555From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris], to [Toussaint] Bennet, [1857?] Jan. 2. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672397From the description of Autograph note signed, dated : [n.p., Paris], \"Vendredi 23\", to [William Howard] Glover 1855 Nov. 23. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672478From the description of Autograph manuscript, dated : [Paris], 1825-1830. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672645From the description of Autograph letters signed (2), dated : Leipzig, to [Joseph] Joachim 1853 Dec. 9 and 1854 Mar. 23. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672513From the description of Autograph letters signed (15), dated : Paris [and n.p.], [1854]-1864 [and n.d.], to [Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein], 1854 Dec. 16, [1854]-1864 [and n.d.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672594From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to [Edouard] Alexandre, 1853 Apr. 6. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672377From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to M. Buy-Fournier in Châlons [sic] sur Saône 1845 Feb. 7. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672411From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris?], 24 September 1866, to [Gustav] Heinze, 1866 Sept. 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672490From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], 4 December, to Théophile Gautier, 1845 Jan. 4. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672476From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris, n.d.], to M. [Joseph-Louis] d'Ortigue, [n.d.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672543From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 12 January 1861, to Ernest Appy in Amsterdam, 1861 Jan. 12. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672381From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Rome, to [François-Hippolyte] Réty, 1831 Sept. 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672580From the description of Autograph letter signed H.C. Smithson, dated : [Paris], to Mlle [Mars], 1833 Apr. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672535From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris], to [Jules-Antoine] Demeur, 1863 July 3. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672428From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to [Gustav Schmidt], 1853 July 15. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672621From the description of [L'enfance du Christ. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript, [n.d.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561832From the description of [Symphonie funèbre et triomphale. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561860From the description of [La damnation de Faust. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript, [n.d.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561829From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to an unidentified recipient, 1842 Sept. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672651From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to [Alexis] Dupont, 1851 Feb. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672445From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to [Edouard] Silas, 1859 Mar. 16. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672628From the description of Autograph letters signed (14), dated : Paris [and n.p.], 1850-1865, to his brother-in-law Camille Pal, 1850-1865. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672546From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to [Henry Fothergill] Chorley, 1854 Dec. 19. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672419From the description of Autograph manuscript, dated : [Paris], 1857-1858. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672656From the description of Autograph letters signed (2) : [Paris], and [n.p., n.d.], to Maurice Schlesinger, 1844 May 29 and n.d. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672617From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to Colonel Ragani, 1855 Jan. 4. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672572From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris?], to [Xavier] Raymond, 1852 Jan. 28. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672575From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to Baron Taylor, 1852 Oct. 17. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672631From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris, n.d.], to [Adolphe] Duchène de Vère, 1854 Jan. 15. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672441From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to Ferdinand Laforest, 1827 Oct. 12. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672518From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to Mme [Auguste-Edmond-Alphonse] Meillet, 1855 Mar. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672539From the description of Autograph letters signed (3), dated : [n.p., Paris], 20 March [1864], 13 May 1864, and 8 January [1864?], to his son, Louis, [1864] Jan. 8, Mar. 20, and May 13, and [n.y.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672404From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris, n.d.], to [Jules] David, 1839 Nov. 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672425From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to Auguste Barbier, 1837 Feb. 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672385From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris, n.d.], to [Emile] Deschamps, [ca. 1839 Nov.?]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672436From the description of Autograph letter signed : [n.p., Paris, n.d., ca. March 1863?], to [Jules] Janin, [ca. 1863 Mar.?]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672510From the description of Autograph letters signed (2), dated : Paris, to Edouard Rocher, 1829 June 25 and 1839 Jan. 9. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672588From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 10 July 1864, to [Madame Rhoné], 1864 July 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672659From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to J[ulius] Benedict, 1843 June 11. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672393From the description of Autograph letter signed : [n.p., n.d.], to [Pier Angelo] Fiorentino, [1855 Apr. 14.]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672466From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to Stephen Heller in London, 1850 June 3. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672495From the description of Le roi de Thulé / chanson Gothique / de Faust / Musique de H. Berlioz [manuscript]. [1828?] (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561844From the description of [L'impériale. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript, 1853 Dec. 5. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561849From the description of [Harold en Italie. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript, 1867 Feb. 26. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561842From the description of [Les francs-juges, H. 23. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript, 1843 Mar. 18. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561835From the description of \"Thème du Scherzo de Romeo et Juliette / (La fée Mab)\" : autograph manuscript, 17 Apr. 1843. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270941730From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], to Alexandre Batta, 1839 Dec. 13. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672390From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Lyon], to M. Buy-Fournier, 1845 July 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672415From the description of Autograph letters signed (3), dated : [Paris] and [n.d.], and Hanover, to [Jules] Janin, 1850 Dec. 9, 1853 Nov. 10, and n.d. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672507From the description of [Symphonie fantastique. Album leaf] : autograph manuscript. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561857From the description of \"Solo de Hautbois / Dans La Fête de Romeo et Juliette / Symphonie avec choeur / H. Berlioz / Pour l'album de / Mr Vogt.\" : autograph manuscript, 1840's? (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270561852From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris], 10 June 1843, to M. Schlosser [i.e. Louis Schlösser], 1843 June 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900360From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris?, n.d., ca. 1852], to \"Mon cher Sax,\" 1852. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900456From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Pesth, to M. [Jan Bedrich] Kittl in Prague, 1846 Feb. 16. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900072From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 26 or 27 January [1857], to [Toussaint Bennet], 1857 Jan. 26 or 27. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900347From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [Paris, 27 November 1846], to Hermann-Léon, 1846 Nov. 27. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900348From the description of Letter signed on the stationery of the Comité de l'Association des Artistes Musiciens, dated : Paris, 24 October 1852, to Mme Emmanuel Gonzalès, 1852 Oct. 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900349From the description of Autograph letter signed on the stationery of the Grande Société Philharmonique de Paris, dated : Paris, [ca. 29 April] 185[0], to Mme [Jules Janin], 1850 Apr. 29. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900355From the description of Letter signed by Baron Taylor, Ambroise Thomas, [Jean-Georges] Kastner, [Daniel-Franc̦ois-Esprit] Auber, Berlioz, and H[enri] Reber, on the letterhead of the Association des Artistes Musiciens, dated : Paris, to M. Boué, 1859 Nov. 5. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900070From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 7 January 1864, to [Eduard] Lassen, 1864 Jan. 7. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900075From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris], 28 [July 1859], to [Eugène] Vivier, 1859 July 28. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900365From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris], 28 August [1851?], to [Jules] Lovy, 1851 Aug. 28. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900357From the description of Autograph document, dated : [Paris], 1862 June-July. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900086From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to [Daniel-Franc̦ois-Esprit] Auber, 1855 July 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900069From the description of Autograph letters signed (9), dated : Paris, to [Jakob Melchior] Rieter-Biedermann in Winterthur, Switzerland, 1856-1857. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900080From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, to an unidentified recipient, 1862 Mar. 21. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900085From the description of Autograph letters signed (2), dated : [Paris], 6 July [1841] and London, 14 January 1848, to his sister Nanci Pal in Grenoble, 1841-1848. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900078From the description of Autograph letters signed (4), dated : Paris, 6 January 1854, 11 January 1860, 23 or 24 July 1862, and 6 April 1866, to his brother-in-law Camille Pal, 1854-1866. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270900076From the description of Hector Berlioz papers, 1825-1994. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 609578256From the description of Autograph letter signed : [n.p., London, n.d.], to [Italo] Gardoni, [1852, end of May]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672469From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : Paris, 12 December 1864, to [Johann Herbeck in Vienna], 1864 Dec. 12. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270672501

BIOGHIST REQUIRED French composer.

From the guide to the Jacques Barzun's Collection of Hector Berlioz Records, 1825-1994, (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library, )

From the opéra semi-seria in two acts, to a libretto by Léon de Wailly and Auguste Barbier, assisted by Alfred de Vigny, after the memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini; first performed in Paris at the Opéra, 10 September 1838. Revised version, Weimar, Grossherzogliches Hoftheater, 20 March 1852; with further revision in three acts, 17 November 1852. Cf. New Grove online.

From the description of Ascanio : Qu'entends je--les fondeurs : manuscript, [after 1838] (Harvard University). 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null

From the guide to the James Armsey Papers, 1992, undated, 1992, undated, (Mass Media and Culture)

Ford Foundation executive.

From the description of Papers, 1946-[ongoing]. (University of Notre Dame). WorldCat record id: 23057506

University official.

From the description of Reminiscences of James W. Armsey : oral history, 1976. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122597062

James William Armsey was born December 13, 1917, and he received his B.S. at the University of Illinois in 1941 and his M.A. in 1946. After graduation, Armsey worked in the Public Information Office of the University of Illinois Professional Colleges. After a year at this post, Armsey went on to serve five years as the Public Relations Director at the Illinois Institute of Technology. This experience prepared him to serve as assistant to the chancellor at NYU beginning in 1952. During his four years at NYU, Armsey would hold several positions. Besides being Assistant to the Chancellor, Armsey was also the head of Public Relations, and the Vice President and Director of the New York University Press. He was an administrator for the Challenge, a newspaper, and he also had ties to the Alumni Bulletin, Alumni News, and the NYU Daily Bulletin . Armsey was also involved in the community, a member of the Community Planning Board #2, helping to clean up the Washington Square area, while at the same time acquiring sites for buildings to expand the Washington Square campus. During Armsey's time at NYU, Henry T. Heald was Chancellor. Heald had been President of the Illinois Institute of Technology, and when he was appointed Chancellor of NYU, he brought Armsey to New York with him to be his assistant. After his tenure at NYU, Heald became president of the Ford Foundation, and Armsey left to work with him there.

Sources Hevesi, Dennis. \"James Armsey Dies at 90, Oversaw College Grants\", The New York Times, November 19, 2008

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The University of Wisconsin-Extension promotes continuing education and lifelong learning by providing statewide access to university resources and research to the people of Wisconsin. Its four divisions are continuing education; cooperative extension; entrepreneurship and economic development; and broadcast and media innovations.

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Obermeyer writes on behalf of the management (Vorstand) of the orchestra.

From the description of Correspondence with Alma Mahler, 1954. (University of Pennsylvania Library). 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KUER is a public radio station serving the Salt Lake Valley since 1960, and the State of Utah since 1983.

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Clinton Harvey Gardiner was a professor of history as Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois and radio broadcaster. From 1967-1969, he was featured as a lecturer in several radio programs pertaining to Latin American history and current events that were produced by Southern Illinois University's radio station, WSIU.

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University of Michigan professor of speech and director of the University's Broadcasting Service.

From the description of Waldo Abbot papers, 1940-1945. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34421616", "birthDate": "1888", "deathDate": "1964", "altNames": [ "Abbot, Waldo, 1888-" ], "subjects": [ "World War, 1939-1945" ], "airtableId": "recqRXbyIaZlc71E2" }, "airtableId": "rec69p7OWQaeI4QA3" }, { "id": "duquesne-university", "name": "Duquesne University", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q74343", "name": "Duquesne University", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Catholic university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duquesne_University", "inceptionDate": "1878", "description": "Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit (/duːˈkeɪn/ or /djuːˈkeɪn/; Duquesne University or Duquesne) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 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There are more than 93,000 living alumni of the university including two cardinals and the current bishop of Pittsburgh. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/duquesne-university.png", "altNames": [ "Duquesne University.", "Duquesne university Pittsburgh, Pa.", "Duquesne University Ehemalige Vorzugsbenennung SWD", "DU", "Universidad de Duquesne Pittsburgh, Pa", "Duquesne University, Pittsburgh.", "Holy Ghost College", "Duquesne University of the Holy Ghost", "Universidad de Duquesne", "Pittsburgh. Duquesne University", "Pittsburgh Catholic College", "Pittsburgh College of the Holy Ghost.", "Catholic College of the Holy Ghost.", "Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost.", "Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit" ], "website": [ "http://www.duq.edu" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79084606" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/146569439" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79084606" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vb34wg" ], "placeNames": [ "Pittsburgh", "United States of America" ], "airtableId": "recFGuP9N6iFDTlCH" }, "snac": { "snacId": "9501", "altNames": [ "Duquesne University." ], "airtableId": "recz4YqhrxYaLOU4p" }, "airtableId": "rec6AKhqfB4Iy65vT" }, { "id": "karnes-alfred-g-1891-1958", "name": "Karnes, Alfred G., 1891-1958", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6ApFOGErWbtwcE" }, { "id": "ksps-television-station-spokane-wash", "name": "KSPS (Television station : Spokane, Wash.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q14713750", "name": "KSPS-TV", "wikidataLabelDescription": "PBS TV station in Spokane, Washington, USA", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSPS-TV", "inceptionDate": "January 1, 1967", "description": "KSPS-TV, virtual and VHF digital channel 7, is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station licensed to Spokane, Washington, United States. The station is owned by KSPS Public Television. KSPS-TV's studios are located on South Regal Street in Spokane, and its transmitter is located on Krell Hill southeast of Spokane. On cable and satellite, the station can be seen in high definition on Comcast Xfinity channel 107 in the Spokane area, Charter Spectrum channel 1221 in the Coeur d'Alene area and the Palouse, Idaho, and channel 7 (in both standard and high definition) on Dish Network and DirecTV. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/ksps-television-station-spokane-wash.png", "website": [ "http://www.ksps.org/" ], "placeNames": [ "Washington" ], "airtableId": "recBJ7TmJ6fukQjdt" }, "airtableId": "rec6BFjJJ1klRYqaZ" }, { "id": "etv-reporter", "name": "ETV Reporter", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "rec6D8FDWNbVX7CAA" }, { "id": "mccain-james-a", "name": "McCain, James A.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6Dl6CbtCiTfMMx" }, { "id": "heyward-william-d", "name": "Heyward, William D.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6FoWJ2QEll1VPO" }, { "id": "martin-harold-m", "name": "Martin, Harold M.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6G1LMkWrGKZwda" }, { "id": "parsons-j-graham-james-graham-1907-1991", "name": "Parsons, J. 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Jerrold Sandler began his long career in educational radio as a child, appearing in radio dramas. During graduate school, he served as acting manager of the University of Michigan Broadcasting Service. In 1962, he was Executive Director of the Individual Member Division of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. In 1964, he began his position as Executive Director of National Educational Radio within the NAEB. In this role, he proved central to the inclusion of radio in the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. After leaving NER, he served as director of the Reading Is Fundamental program at the Smithsonian Institution, and later served as a consultant for the National Council on Aging, the Ford Foundation, and others. He later returned to university teaching and broadcasting, and retired in 1992. Sandler died on February 24, 1995.

From the combined records of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), held by the University of Maryland and the Wisconsin Historical Society, and compiled as part of the Unlocking the Airwaves project (unlockingtheairwaves.org).", "deathDate": "February 24, 1995", "subjects": [ "Public broadcasting", "Radio", "Educational broadcasting", "Public radio", "Radio broadcasting" ], "placeNames": [ "Michigan", "Ann Arbor (Mich.)" ], "occupations": [ "Radio Executive" ], "associatedWith": [ "University of Michigan", "National Association of Educational Broadcasters" ], "airtableId": "reczdPJfl8JSA2Mi9" }, "airtableId": "rec6IH5oZsRUSPivQ" }, { "id": "rushton-frank-jr", "name": "Rushton, Frank, Jr.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6IOZ6yNH65ATuM" }, { "id": "maazel-lorin", "name": "Maazel, Lorin", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6IbLARmgP0OxAv" }, { "id": "ashby-lyle-w", "name": "Ashby, Lyle W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6JDfgwh25YRwUk" }, { "id": "felton-william", "name": "Felton, William", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6JRxTKyX9sQrw0" }, { "id": "moore-thomas-h", "name": "Moore, Thomas H.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6KJxHqxx8wCs8G" }, { "id": "wyso-radio-station-yellow-springs-ohio", "name": "WYSO (Radio station : Yellow Springs, Ohio)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7958165", "name": "WYSO", "wikidataLabelDescription": "public radio station in the United States", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSO", "inceptionDate": "1958", "description": "WYSO (91.3 FM) is a radio station in Yellow Springs, Ohio, near Dayton, community owned and operated; formerly licensed and operated by Antioch College. It is the flagship National Public Radio member station for the Miami Valley, including the cities of Dayton and Springfield. WYSO signed on in 1958 and has the distinction of being located in one of the smallest villages to host an NPR affiliate station. WYSO broadcasts in the HD Radio format. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wyso-radio-station-yellow-springs-ohio.png", "ownedBy": [ "Antioch College" ], "website": [ "http://www.wyso.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2015021520" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/315177086" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64c3t6m" ], "placeNames": [ "Yellow Springs (Ohio)", " Ohio", "United States", "Yellow Springs", "United States of America" ], "airtableId": "recJn26c8pqtGAvfZ" }, "airtableId": "rec6LAdXfnbmRXIeD" }, { "id": "wjar-tv-television-station-providence-ri", "name": "WJAR-TV (Television Station : Providence, RI)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "rec6NXKJ5i5F9JsNk" }, { "id": "king-craig", "name": "King, Craig", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec6OE8vVrddx6XJb" }, { "id": "bender-william", "name": "Bender, William", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q8005376", "name": "William Bender", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American music critic", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bender", "birthDate": "1930-05-30T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "2014-05-04T00:00:00Z", "deathPlace": "Olathe", "description": "William Bender (May 30, 1930 – May 4, 2014) was an American music critic who reviewed for the American Record Guide. A former music critic with the New York Herald Tribune and the World Journal Tribune, he was chief music critic for Time magazine from 1968–1978. He is the author of the Emmy Award winning documentary on Leopold Stokowski which aired on the National Educational Television and BBC networks in 1970. He is the co-author of the 1974 book The Tenors in which he profiled the life and career of opera singer Richard Tucker. Bender earned a Master of Music from Columbia University where he also taught on the music faculty. He is a former faculty member of Syracuse University and Bradley University. ", "occupation": [ "journalist", "music critic" ], "employer": [ "Columbia University", "Syracuse University" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2014101993" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/310521169" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6323s8p" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "radio-broadcasting", "title": "Radio broadcasting" } ], "airtableId": "recTBhVllKEVTuHgd" }, "snac": { "snacId": "20243863", "description": "

Public information officer at University Hospital of the University of Michigan.

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Robert E. Underwood, Jr. was born January 21, 1931 in Pennsylvania. He attended St. Joseph's College and the University of Illinois. Underwood worked for many years as the Network Manager for the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, from at least 1957 to 1964. He authored the Network News column in the NAEB newsletter. Later, Underwood worked as the assistant director of admissions and records at the University of Illinois. Underwood died on August 21, 2010.

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Frank Edward Moss (b. Sept. 23, 1911, Salt Lake City, Utah-d. Jan. 29, 2003, Salt Lake City), U.S. Senator from Utah, graduated from the George Washington University Law School in 1937. He served as judge advocate in the European Theater with the Air Corps during World War II, from 1942 to 1945 and was a colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. He was elected as a Democrat to the Senate in 1958, serving from 1959 to 1977.

From the description of Moss, Frank E., 1911-2003 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10580698

Democratic U. S. Senator from Utah, 1959-1976.

From the description of Papers, 1935-1976. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 154299380

Frank Edward Ted Moss (1911-2003)was born in 1911 in Holladay, Utah. He was educated in the Salt Lake City schools, graduating from Granite High School in 1929. Majoring in history, political science, and speech, Moss was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Utah in 1933.

After graduating, Frank Moss married Phyllis Hart and moved to Washington, D.C., where he attended George Washington University Law School. While a law student, Moss worked for the National Recovery Administration (1933-1935) and the Resettlement Administration (1935-1936). After having received a law degree in 1937, he was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia and served on the legal staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Moss returned to Utah in 1939 to become a law clerk to Utah Supreme Court Justice James H. Wolfe. In 1940 he was elected to his first public office as a judge in Salt Lake City's Municipal Court. Moss received his commission as a second lieutenant in the U. S. Army Reserve in 1938 and was called to active duty in February 1942. The following year he graduated from the judge advocate general's school after which he served as judge advocate in Salt Lake City and in Riverside, California. From 1943 to 1945, Moss was stationed in England with the judge advocate general of the U.S. Army Air Corps and completed his active military service in September 1945.

In the fall of 1945, Moss was elected to the Salt Lake City judgeship where he remained until 1950 when he won the election to the office of Salt Lake County attorney. During his two terms as county attorney, he was active in numerous professional organizations serving as the president of the National Association of County and Prosecuting Attorneys (1957-1958).

Moss's Senate career embraced the years of 1959-1976. For fourteen years Moss served on the Interior and Insular Affairs Committee and was chairman of its Minerals, Materials, and Fuels Subcommittee. He also sat on the Public Works Committee for eight years and on the Small Business Committee for six. In 1973 Moss became chairman of the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee.

Participating in the 1960s movement for increased consumer protection, he strongly supported the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, the Truth-in-Lending Act, and the Flammable Fabrics Act. As the principal sponsor of the Toy Safety Act, Moss conducted hearings which revealed the dangers of common toys. His legislative endeavors received national attention when he led the fight to compel the elimination of TV cigarette advertising. Moss was one of the original sponsors of Medicare and gained national attention in 1976 when he posed as an indigent, elderly Medicaid recipient in an effort to expose Medicare fraud. He became well known in the United States and Canada for his work in the field of water resources, publishing a book on this subject entitled \"Water Crisis\" in 1967.

Senator Moss was the first Utahn to attain majority leadership positions in the Senate. He was elected as secretary of the Democratic Conference on three occasions, and sat on the powerful Democratic Policy and Steering committees. At the time of his defeat in 1976, Moss was hoping to become the next majority whip.

From the guide to the Frank E. Moss papers, 1931-1992, (J. 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Program 13 aired March 1, 1971. Program 14 aired March 15, 1971.

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Broadcasting executive.

Station manager, WILL-FM and WILL-TV; professor, radio and television, University of Illinois; president, National Association of Educational Broadcasters.

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Walter Byron Emery was born September 28, 1907 in Howell, Ohio. Emery was involved in broadcasting and education for much of his career, serving on the Federal Communications Commission's legal staff in 1935, 1936, and from 1943 to 1953. Around 1955, Emery worked as a consultant for the Joint Committee on Educational Television (later the Joint Council on Educational Television). Emery served on the editorial board of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters Journal from 1957-1958, and editor of the same journal from 1961-1963. During this time, Emery worked as a professor at Michigan State University.

\n

At other points in his career, Emery worked as the station director at WNAD, the University of Oklahoma's radio station, as a professor at the University of Oklahoma, the University of Wisconsin, Ohio State University, and Washington University. He died May 9, 1973, and is buried in Columbus, Ohio.

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A member of the Democratic Party, he holds the record for longest-serving member of Congress in American history, representing Michigan for more than 59 years. He most recently served as the representative for Michigan's 12th congressional district. A longtime member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Dingell was the chairman of the committee from 1981 to 1995 and 2007 to 2009. Dingell began his congressional career by succeeding his father, John Dingell Sr., as representative for Michigan's 16th congressional district on December 13, 1955; his father had held the seat for 22 years. He left office on January 3, 2015. Having served for over 59 years, he has the longest congressional tenure in U.S. history. Together with Jamie Whitten and Joseph Gurney Cannon, he served in the House under more presidents than anyone else: 11. He was also the longest-serving Dean of the U.S. House of Representatives and Dean of the Michigan congressional delegation. Dingell was one of the final two World War II veterans to have served in Congress; the other was Texas Representative Ralph Hall, who also left Congress in 2015. During his time in Congress in addition to protecting the automobile industry important to his district, Dingell was instrumental in passage of the Medicare Act, the Water Quality Act of 1965, Clean Water Act of 1972, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the Clean Air Act of 1990, and the Affordable Care Act, among others. He was most proud of his work on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/dingell-john-d.jpg", "altNames": [ "John D. 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(John David), 1926-2019" ], "placeNames": [ "Dearborn", "Colorado Springs" ], "occupations": [ "Forest rangers", "Lawyers", "Army officers", "Representatives, U.S. Congress--Michigan" ], "airtableId": "recWVEmrLIjZievtL" }, "airtableId": "rec7iEBXhsnQFLs6o" }, { "id": "walker-frank-b", "name": "Walker, Frank B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec7j5C882AaF1WIx" }, { "id": "gray-robert", "name": "Gray, Robert", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec7l5xlCwCAvmZTD" }, { "id": "aron-raymond-1905-1983", "name": "Aron, Raymond, 1905-1983", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec7m0cg6gMhILFbm" }, { "id": "hall-evelyn", "name": "Hall, Evelyn", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec7mT3G5a2NZmmdQ" }, { "id": "moody-bible-institute", "name": "Moody Bible Institute", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q2257594", "name": "Moody Bible Institute", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Bible institute", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody_Bible_Institute", "inceptionDate": "1886", "description": "Moody Bible Institute (MBI) is a private evangelical Christian Bible college founded in the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois, US by evangelist and businessman Dwight Lyman Moody in 1886. Historically, MBI has maintained positions that have identified it as non-charismatic, dispensational and generally Calvinistic. Today, MBI operates undergraduate programs and Moody Theological Seminary at the Chicago campus. Moody Theological Seminary also operates a satellite campus in Plymouth, Michigan; and Moody Aviation operates a flight school in Spokane, Washington. Emma Dryer organized the \"May Institute\", a weekly meeting for prayer and fellowship, with Moody's permission in 1883. Participants in the May Institute encouraged Moody to found a school to train young people for evangelism to carry on the Christian revival tradition. 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Founded by Dwight L. Moody in 1886 in Chicago, Illinois.

From the description of Records of the Moody Bible Institute, 1913. (Yale University). WorldCat record id: 702152847", "altNames": [ "Moody Bible Institute" ], "subjects": [ "Bible colleges", "Missionaries--Training of" ], "placeNames": [ "Illinois" ], "airtableId": "rec2nZYhiBQnclxB2" }, "airtableId": "rec7mxZrkDwXfy5FX" }, { "id": "duffy-gordon", "name": "Duffy, Gordon", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec7nHFULKYUxqEKL" }, { "id": "sevareid-eric-1912-1992", "name": "Sevareid, Eric, 1912-1992", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q5387483", "name": "Eric Sevareid", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American journalist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Sevareid", "birthDate": "1912-11-26", "deathDate": "1992-07-09", "birthPlace": "Velva", "deathPlace": "\"Washington, D.C.\"", "description": "Arnold Eric Sevareid (November 26, 1912 – July 9, 1992) was an American author and CBS news journalist from 1939 to 1977. He was one of a group of elite war correspondents who were hired by CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow and nicknamed \"Murrow's Boys.\" Sevareid was the first to report the Fall of Paris in 1940, when the city was captured by German forces during World War II. Sevareid followed in Murrow's footsteps as a commentator on the CBS Evening News for thirteen years, for which he was recognized with Emmy and Peabody Awards. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/sevareid-eric-1912-1992.jpg", "altNames": [ "Sevareid, Eric, 1912-1992", "Sevareid, Arnold Eric, 1912-1992", "Arnold Eric Sevareid" ], "occupation": [ "Journalists", "News analysts", "Authors", "journalist", "television presenter", "war correspondent" ], "memberOf": [ "American Academy of Arts and Sciences" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79064613" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/111355448" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79064613" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580984" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67b4tmz", "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gq7c2h" ], "placeNames": [ "North Dakota", "Washington, D. 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His master's thesis was entitled \"The Scenic, Dramatic and Musical Ramifications of the Court Masque in Stuart England,\" and his doctoral dissertation was \"An Historical Study of the Technical, Legal and Financial Development of Television.\" On July 10, 1945, Schwarzwalder married Ruth Dierker. They subsequently had two children, Joan Dierdre and Raymond John. Schwarzwalder began his military career in 1941 as a private in the United States Army. During his years of military service, he rose to the rank of major. He spent thirty-five months in overseas service in North Africa, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany. Also involved in combat intelligence and counterintelligence work, Schwarzwalder earned eight campaign stars and was awarded the Medal of Order of Ouissam Alaouite (Morocco). He was a member of the Military Reserve from 1945-1956 with the rank of Major, Military Intelligence. He later wrote about his war experience in We Caught Spies (Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1946). From 1945 to 1948, Schwarzwalder served as Associate Director of the Wall School of Music, a private school of nearly 300 students, in Los Angeles. Concurrently, he directed the American GI Chorus in motion picture work for Republic Studios and in concert. In 1948 Schwarzwalder moved to Houston, Texas, to become Assistant Professor at the University of Houston. In the course of time he was named Associate Professor and then Professor and Chairman of the Radio-Television Department. It was here in 1950 that Schwarzwalder established KUHF-FM and in 1953, KUHT -TV, the first of the nation's 258 non-commercial, educational television stations. He administered the Department of Radio and Television with a faculty and staff of 43 and 470 students. At KUHT-TV, he developed and produced most of the programs during its first year. Concurrently, he served as news analyst and newscaster for KTRH-AM-FM (CBS). In 1956 he left the University of Houston and moved north to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he became Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Twin City Area Educational Television Corporation which owned and operated three non-commercial educational television stations in Minnesota: KTCA -TV and KTCI-TV in Saint Paul/Minneapolis and KWOM-TV in Appleton. None of these stations existed in 1956 when Schwarzwalder arrived. His job included obtaining capital financing, applying for the necessary FCC licenses, supervising construction, arranging for operating funds, finding and hiring adequate operating personnel, setting up programming policies and putting the stations on the air. He later was responsible for arranging for the operation of Midwestern Educational Television, a regional network of 17 stations. Leaving Minneapolis to move south again in 1976, Schwarzwalder became the Station Manager of KOKH-TV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Retaining many of his contacts with the Twin City area, he worked as a researcher for Twin City Area PTV Corporation. As a researcher, he completed and submitted bench-mark studies of the implications for PTV of the videodisc and the increasing use and popularity of credit courses. In 1978 he was both Executive Consultant to the Twin City Area PTV Corporation and Manager of the Denton, Texas, Channel Two Foundation, Inc. He prepared financial, programming and fund-raising plans for activation of a new station on Channel Two in North Texas, as well as acquiring land for transmitter sites, negotiating with FAA and Department of Defense (Corps of Engineers) and preparing FCC applications. From 1977 to 1985 Schwarzwalder was President of DBLS, Inc., a non-profit corporation formed to establish, operate, and maintain non-profit educational television and radio stations in Austin, Texas. At DBLS, Schwarzwalder made applications for television and radio channels to Federal agencies including the Federal Communications Commission and to federal, state, and local government agencies as well as to private individuals, corporations, and foundations for funds and facilities. Over the years, Schwarzwalder served as an independent consultant for the states of Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Northern Iowa, the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, and the cities of Cleveland, Ohio; Duluth, Minnesota; Fargo, North Dakota; and Little Rock, Arkansas. He also served as a consultant to the University of Maine, the South Carolina ETV Commission, the Alabama ETV Commission, Auburn University, the Louisiana ETV Commission, the Texas ETV Commission, KETC-TV in St. Louis, Missouri, the University of Florida, the Kentucky ETV Commission, the University of Louisville, Milwaukee Technical College, Superior State University (Wisconsin), the State of North Dakota and Lakehead University (Ontario, Canada). Always active in whatever community of which he was a part, Schwarzwalder chaired the Committee on Racial Imbalance in St. Paul Public Schools (CRISP) in 1965. He was also a member of the Afro-American Music Opportunities Association from 1968 to 1976. Other organizations which benefited from his time and talents were: American Heart Association; Minnesota Heart Association; Minnesota Metropolitan Planning Commission; Minnesota Planning Association; Minneapolis Citizens League; Minnesota Orchestral Association; School for Societal Development; Minnesota Humanities Commission; and Advisory Committee on Mass Media, Texas Humanities Commission. John C. Schwarzwalder died in 1992. From the guide to the John C. Schwarzwalder Papers, 1935-1992 and undated, 1965-1986, (Mass Media and Culture) ", "altNames": [ "Schwarzwalder, John C. (John Carl), 1917-1992.", "John Schwarzwalder" ], "occupation": [ "broadcaster", "university teacher" ], "employer": [ "University of Houston", "KUHF", "KTRH", "Twin Cities PBS", "KOKH-TV" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gr4mpp" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "public-broadcasting", "title": "Public broadcasting" }, { "id": "television-in-education", "title": "Television in education" } ], "airtableId": "receZQwWxNE4SaHBz" }, "snac": { "snacId": "47105296", "description": "

Broadcasting executive. Founder, Manager KUHF-FM and KUHT-TV, Houston, Texas; Executive Vice-President and General Manager, Twin City Area Educational Television Corporation; Station Manager, KOKH-TV, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Executive Consultant, Twin City Area PTV Corporation.

From the description of John C. Schwarzwalder papers, 1935-1992, and undated (bulk 1965-1986). (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 33468555

John C. Schwarzwalder, a pioneer in the field of educational television, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on June 21, 1917, to S. J. and Alice Schwarzwalder. He received a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Ohio State University in 1937; a Master's Degree from the University of Michigan in 1940; and a Doctor of Education Degree from the University of Houston in 1953. His master's thesis was entitled \"The Scenic, Dramatic and Musical Ramifications of the Court Masque in Stuart England,\" and his doctoral dissertation was \"An Historical Study of the Technical, Legal and Financial Development of Television.\" On July 10, 1945, Schwarzwalder married Ruth Dierker. They subsequently had two children, Joan Dierdre and Raymond John.

Schwarzwalder began his military career in 1941 as a private in the United States Army. During his years of military service, he rose to the rank of major. He spent thirty-five months in overseas service in North Africa, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany. Also involved in combat intelligence and counterintelligence work, Schwarzwalder earned eight campaign stars and was awarded the Medal of Order of Ouissam Alaouite (Morocco). He was a member of the Military Reserve from 1945-1956 with the rank of Major, Military Intelligence. He later wrote about his war experience in We Caught Spies (Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1946).

From 1945 to 1948, Schwarzwalder served as Associate Director of the Wall School of Music, a private school of nearly 300 students, in Los Angeles. Concurrently, he directed the American GI Chorus in motion picture work for Republic Studios and in concert.

In 1948 Schwarzwalder moved to Houston, Texas, to become Assistant Professor at the University of Houston. In the course of time he was named Associate Professor and then Professor and Chairman of the Radio-Television Department. It was here in 1950 that Schwarzwalder established KUHF-FM and in 1953, KUHT -TV, the first of the nation's 258 non-commercial, educational television stations. He administered the Department of Radio and Television with a faculty and staff of 43 and 470 students. At KUHT-TV, he developed and produced most of the programs during its first year. Concurrently, he served as news analyst and newscaster for KTRH-AM-FM (CBS).

In 1956 he left the University of Houston and moved north to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he became Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Twin City Area Educational Television Corporation which owned and operated three non-commercial educational television stations in Minnesota: KTCA -TV and KTCI-TV in Saint Paul/Minneapolis and KWOM-TV in Appleton. None of these stations existed in 1956 when Schwarzwalder arrived. His job included obtaining capital financing, applying for the necessary FCC licenses, supervising construction, arranging for operating funds, finding and hiring adequate operating personnel, setting up programming policies and putting the stations on the air. He later was responsible for arranging for the operation of Midwestern Educational Television, a regional network of 17 stations.

Leaving Minneapolis to move south again in 1976, Schwarzwalder became the Station Manager of KOKH-TV in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Retaining many of his contacts with the Twin City area, he worked as a researcher for Twin City Area PTV Corporation. As a researcher, he completed and submitted bench-mark studies of the implications for PTV of the videodisc and the increasing use and popularity of credit courses.

In 1978 he was both Executive Consultant to the Twin City Area PTV Corporation and Manager of the Denton, Texas, Channel Two Foundation, Inc. He prepared financial, programming and fund-raising plans for activation of a new station on Channel Two in North Texas, as well as acquiring land for transmitter sites, negotiating with FAA and Department of Defense (Corps of Engineers) and preparing FCC applications.

From 1977 to 1985 Schwarzwalder was President of DBLS, Inc., a non-profit corporation formed to establish, operate, and maintain non-profit educational television and radio stations in Austin, Texas. At DBLS, Schwarzwalder made applications for television and radio channels to Federal agencies including the Federal Communications Commission and to federal, state, and local government agencies as well as to private individuals, corporations, and foundations for funds and facilities.

Over the years, Schwarzwalder served as an independent consultant for the states of Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Northern Iowa, the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, and the cities of Cleveland, Ohio; Duluth, Minnesota; Fargo, North Dakota; and Little Rock, Arkansas. He also served as a consultant to the University of Maine, the South Carolina ETV Commission, the Alabama ETV Commission, Auburn University, the Louisiana ETV Commission, the Texas ETV Commission, KETC-TV in St. Louis, Missouri, the University of Florida, the Kentucky ETV Commission, the University of Louisville, Milwaukee Technical College, Superior State University (Wisconsin), the State of North Dakota and Lakehead University (Ontario, Canada).

Always active in whatever community of which he was a part, Schwarzwalder chaired the Committee on Racial Imbalance in St. Paul Public Schools (CRISP) in 1965. He was also a member of the Afro-American Music Opportunities Association from 1968 to 1976. Other organizations which benefited from his time and talents were: American Heart Association; Minnesota Heart Association; Minnesota Metropolitan Planning Commission; Minnesota Planning Association; Minneapolis Citizens League; Minnesota Orchestral Association; School for Societal Development; Minnesota Humanities Commission; and Advisory Committee on Mass Media, Texas Humanities Commission.

John C. Schwarzwalder died in 1992.

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Mills Edwin Godwin, Jr., was born November 19, 1914, at Chuckatuck in Nansemond County, now the City of Suffolk, Virginia.

He completed public school and attended the college of William and Mary. He obtained his degree in law from the University of Virginia in 1938. Honorary doctorate degrees have been awarded him by Elon College, Roanoke College, Elmira College, the College of William and Mary, Washington and Lee University, Hampden-Sydney College, the University of Richmond and Bridgewater College.

While awaiting a commission in the U. S. Navy in World War II, he was appointed a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation where he served for three years prior to resuming the practice of law in Suffolk until he was elected governor of Virginia in 1965.

He first entered politics in 1948 when he began service in the House of Delegates. From 1952 to 1962 he served in the State Senate of Virginia. He was lieutenant-governor of Virginia from 1962 to 1966. During the 26 years he held public office, he ran seventeen times and was never defeated.

His first election as governor in November 1965, came after he had received the Democratic nomination without opposition.

During his administration from 1966 to 1970, he became known as \"Virginia's Education Governor,\" taking the lead in upgrading education at every level from kindergarten through graduate school. Initiated and developed during his first term was the State's system of community colleges, two-year colleges offering occupational-technical and liberal arts training at minimum tuition. Salary increases and other improved benefits were granted teachers and faculty members. State aid to kindergartens, summer schools and classes for the handicapped encouraged broader opportunities throughout Virginia, and a number of other innovations were made in the public schools and higher education. The momentum followed a series of governor's conferences on education early in the administration. He persuaded the General Assembly to enact the Retail Sales Tax which was the first new broad-based tax passed in Virginia in more than one hundred years.

He continued and enlarged the emphasis on industrial development begun by his predecessor, Governor Harrison. He led the first two foreign trade missions and engaged in other efforts designed to attract high caliber new industry to Virginia and to encourage expansion by firms already located in the State. He saw industrial development and education as the principal means of continuing progress in Virginia.

During his tenure, Virginia made major strides also in water and air pollution control, port and park development, interstate, arterial and other highway construction, highway safety, mental health and other areas of State concern.

A blue ribbon commission appointed by Godwin proposed the State's first constitutional revision in forty years. The result was approved overwhelmingly by the voters. He also proposed the first general obligation bond issue in this century and led the campaign in which Virginia's voters approved it by a margin of more than two to one.

As governor he served as chairman of the Southern Regional Education Board, Vice Chairman of the Southern Governors Conference and as a member of the Executive Committee of the Democratic Governors Conference and the National Governors' Conference. He also served as Chairman of the Appalachian Regional Commission.

After serving as governor from 1966 to 1970, he returned home and became a Director of Standard Brands, Inc., Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Union Camp Corporation, Virginia Real Estate Investment Trust, and Dan River, Inc. and served as a member of the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors of Virginia National Bank. He was also on the Board of Directors of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation.

He resigned all of these posts after being elected governor a second time in November 1973, the first man ever twice elected by the people in Virginia to serve as Chief Executive. He was elected as the Republican nominee after being unopposed in their State Convention. He remains the only candidate in the country ever to win gubernatorial elections in the same state on both Democrat and Republican tickets.

During his second term as governor, he faced a series of crises of major proportions. The Arab oil embargo of late 1973 depressed the State's economy and the State revenues. As governor he ordered reduction of State spending by more than $200 million to keep the budget in balance and, as the economy improved later in his administration, he left a sizable surplus in the budget for his successor. Godwin dealt with the crises of shortages of gasoline, natural gas and fuel oil, the problem of Kepone, ten major floods and seven minor ones and the most serious drought in fifty years occurred in the last year of his administration which caused 115 of the State's 136 political jurisdictions to be designated as disaster areas. Despite these problems, Virginia's forward movement continued during his second term with major improvements in all areas, in job opportunities, and especially in our correctional programs and in public and higher education. He obtained approval from the General Assembly in 1977 for a Referendum on a $125 million General obligation Bond Program, largely earmarked for education and corrections, and again led the campaign which resulted in overwhelming approval for all five bond issues presented to the voters.

His leadership as governor was evidenced everywhere. Virginia's noted Pulitzer Prize winner and editor, Virginius Dabney, wrote that: \"His two terms combine to form a series of constructive advances for the Commonwealth that are unsurpassed in the long history of Virginia's governors.\"

As governor from 1974 to 1978, he was Chairman of the Southern Governors Conference, a member of the Executive Committees of the National Governors' Conference and the Republican Governors' Conference. He was Chairman for the second time of the Southern Regional Education Board and Vice President of the Council of State Governments.

Godwin again returned to his home in Suffolk in January 1978, and served as a consultant to management and a member of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors of the Virginia National Bank. He was also a member of the Board of Directors of Union Camp Corporation, Standard Brands, Inc. and the Royster Company.

Married to the former Katherine Thomas Beale, Governor Godwin lived in Suffolk where for many years he owned and operated the 500-acre family farm. He has been active in the Oakland Christian Church, where he taught the Men's Bible Class for more than twenty-five years, and engaged in numerous community activities. He was a 33rd degree Mason, past president of Ruritan National, and a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, Phi Delta Phi, the Raven Society and Sigma Phi Epsilon. He was the recipient of the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce's Distinguished Service Award, the Virginia National Guard's Distinguished Service Medal, the Virginia Education Association's citation as \"Virginia's Education Governor,\" the Thomas Jefferson Award for Public Service from the old Dominion Chapter of the Public Relations Society of America, the Centennial Medal from Hampton Institute, the Virginians of Maryland Medal, the FFA State Farmer Medal, also twice received a First Citizen's Award from Suffolk and Nansemond County, and the Colgate Whitehead Darden, Jr. Award from Norfolk State College, an award exemplifying highest caliber of statesmanship and interest in education in the Commonwealth. Virginia Military Institute has given him its New Market Medal, the highest award made by V.M.I.

On January 30, 1999, Mills E. Godwin Jr. died in Newport News, Virginia at the age of 84.

November 19 1914Born at Chuckatuck, Virginia, Nansemond County.Son of Otelia Dardenand Mills Edwin Godwin,Sr. Sisters: Mary Lee,Mildred Elizabethand Leah Otelia1931Graduated Chuckatuck High SchoolClass President, active in Debating and Speaking193132College of William and Mary,Norfolk Division193234College of William and Mary,Williamsburg193538University of Virginia Law School Law Degree, Raven Society, Omicron Delta Kappa1937Passed State Bar Examination1938Entered Law Profession1940Married Katherine Thomas Bealeof Holland, Virginia194345Special Agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation1946Re-entered Law Profession Involved in Nansemond Countycommunity programs1947Nansemond CountyNansemond County (historical)Nansemond County Jail (historical)Nansemond County Courthouse (historical)City of SuffolkCity of SuffolkMember of Virginia State Bar Association Elected to Virginia House of Delegates, representing Nansemond Countyand the City of Suffolk194852Member, Virginia House of Delegates Served on following committees: Insurance and Banking, Chesapeake and Its Tributaries, Executive Expenditures, Game and Inland Fisheries, and Nominations and Confirmations1948VirginiaVirginiaNorth CarolinaNorth CarolinaMember Board of Directors, Bank of Whaleyville, Virginia;Member Board of Trustees, Elon College, North Carolina1949Active in Oakland Christian Church and civic clubs, lodge, regional and other community activities1951Southampton, Nansemond and Isle of Wight countiesSuffolkSuffolkDays Inn Suffolk VaSuffolk Downs StationSaint-Émile-de-SuffolkSuffolk (historical)Suffolk Police NarcoticsSuffolk Police Department Sector 1Suffolk West Shopping CenterWAFX-FM (Suffolk)Suffolk PinesSuffolk HillSouth Suffolk StudChabad Center of Mid SuffolkSuffolk Christian ChurchSuffolk Social Services BuildingSuffolk UniversitySuffolk County Community College Selden CampusSuffolk ParkCity of SuffolkSuffolkSwallow Suffolk HotelSuffolkSuffolk downs RacecourseFranklinFranklinFranklin Senior High SchoolFranklin Center High SchoolFranklin County High SchoolFranklin CemeteryFranklin SchoolFranklin Hill Country ClubFranklinton Junior High SchoolFranklin GulfFranklin SchoolCity of FranklinFranklin Township Fire Department Station 52Franklin K Lane High SchoolFranklin CreekFranklin CemeteryFranklin School (historical)Franklin SchoolFranklin MountainFranklin SchoolFranklin SchoolNew FranklinFranklin Ferry BridgeColumbus Division of Fire Station 10 Franklinton Engine HouseElected in special election to Virginia State Senate, Fifth Senatorial District, representing Southampton, Nansemond and Isle of Wight counties,and the cities of Suffolkand Franklin>1952Elected President of Ruritan National195262Member, Virginia State Senate Served on following committees: Chairman, Fish and Game; Finance; Courts of Justice; Counties, Cities and Towns; Enrolled Bills, and Welfare1954Awarded Honorary Degree by Elon College Appointed to Public School Study Commission by Thomas B. Stanley, governor of Virginia1961Elected lieutenant-governor of Virginia196266Served as lieutenant-governor of Virginia1965Elected Democratic governor of Virginia196670Served as governor of Virginia - First Administration \"Virginia's Education Governor,\" initiated Community College System and upgraded education at all levels, persuaded General Assembly to enact retail sales tax1966Awarded Honorary Degree by College of William and Mary in Virginia1967Led first European Trade Mission1969Played important role in projecting a revised constitution for Virginia Awarded Honorary Degree by Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia197073Private Citizen Member, Board of Directors of Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation and Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges Member, Board of Directors: Standard Brands, Inc., Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Union Camp Corporation, Virginia Real Estate Investment Trust, Dan River Mills, Inc. and Virginia National Bank (Executive Committee)1970Awarded Honorary Degree by Washington and Lee University Honorary chairman, Committee of Virginians for the Constitution; Advisory Committee, Harry F. Byrd, Jr. 'sU. S. Senate Campaign1971Served on the advisory committee, George J. Kostelfor lieutenant-governor campaign1972Awarded Honorary Degree by Elmira College, Elmira, New York Advisory Committee, Re-election of President Richard M. Nixon1973Awarded Honorary Degree by Hampden-Sydney College Elected Republican governor of Virginia197478Served as governor of Virginia - Second Administration First person ever twice elected in Virginia to serve as Chief Executive and first in United States to be elected on both Democratic and Republican tickets1974Awarded Honorary Degree by the University of Richmond Awarded Honorary Degree by Bridgewater College1976Played important role in Bicentennial celebration1977Awarded Navy Public Service Citation1978Private citizen Returned to services as consultant and director of various boards Awarded New Market medal by Virginia Military InstituteJanuary 30, 1999Died at Newport News, Virginia.From the guide to the Mills E. 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In 1918, he worked for anti-war activist Scott Nearing, who was opposing the Republican Fiorello La Guardia for Congress. In a 1989 The New Yorker interview, Novik said that this was when he first saw the future mayor, for whom he would work 20 years later as station manager of WNYC. From Wikipedia article: Morris S. Novik Morris Novick was born 11/15/1903. He joined the Young Peoples Socialist League in 1918. He was National Chairman of Young Peoples Socialist League, 1921-1924. Mr. Novick was Director of the Discussion Guild, 1925-1932 and Director of Unity House from 1927-1932. He was Director of New York City Municipal Broadcasting System and Director of Communications for the City of New York, 1938-1945. Mr. Novick was Broadcast Consultant for ILGWU, UAW, National AFL, Liberal Party, 1945 onward. From the description of Morris Novick Papers. (Cornell University Library). WorldCat record id: 180689690 Broadcasting executive. WNYC-FM director; National Association of Educational Broadcasters Executive Secretary 1941-1948. From the description of Morris S. Novik papers, 1940-1992 (bulk 1949-1964) (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 31905083 Morris S. Novik was born in Nevel, Russia in 1903. He came to the United States when he was eleven years old with his mother and his two younger brothers. It was in New York City where the family settled that Novik first met his father who had come to the United States years earlier. He was educated at a Yeshiva in the city but after graduating decided that he did not want to continue his religious education so at the age of fourteen he was sent to public school. At this time Novik became involved with the social-political changes of 1917 engendered by the Russian Revolution. He headed a local chapter of the Young People's Socialist League while he was working at the Daily Record, a newspaper covering issues relating to the manufacture of clothing. He then received a scholarship to the Rand School which Novik described as a \"right-wing socialist school of learning\". During this time he became very involved in the socialist movement, starting a magazine called The Monthly Free Youth and serving as its editor. In the early twenties Novik became involved with the Discussion Guild, arranging lectures and debates of well known writers and lecturers. The first speaker he engaged was noted British philosopher Bertrand Russell, who subsequently asked for Novik to represent him in future United States engagements. Through his work with the Discussion Guild Novik also became the manager for Clarence Darrow. Novik entered the field of broadcasting in 1932 when he was asked to take over the management of the radio station WEVD in New York. He served as associate manager and program director. It was during this period that he founded the University of the Air. Novik entered the field of broadcasting in 1932 when he was asked to take over the management of radio station WEVD in New York. It was during this time that he also founded the University of the Air. He was recruited by New York mayor Fiorello LaGuardia to run radio station WNYC. Novik declined until Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in 1938. He realized it was more important now to keep democracy over the airwaves than to promote socialism and labor interests as he was doing at WEVD. He became director of communications at WNYC (1938-1946) and it while it was at this position that he coined the term \"Public Broadcasting.\" It was also during this time that he became involved in the genesis of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. Novik claimed he was one of the seven men who met in Ames, Iowa in 1939 to plan the permanent organization of this association. He then served as its first executive secretary from 1941 to 1948. Subsequently, Novik was involved in buying or establishing radio stations in Detroit, Cleveland, and the New York area. After leaving WNYC in 1946 Novik helped establish radio stations in Detroit and Cleveland. In 1950 he bought the station WLIB in New York on which he established negro programming. He kept this station for 5 years, selling it to his brother Harry in 1955 when he then bought the Italian station WOV. He kept the Italian language format at WOV during his ownership but upon selling this station in 1959 this format was abandoned by the new owners. Novik maintained a long relationship with the labor movement, serving as a communications consultant for the American Federation of Labor and later for the merged American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). His career also included some presidential appointments. In 1952 President Truman appointed him to be delegate to the UNESCO conference in Paris. In 1953 he participated in the UNESCO London conference on TV, advising Europeans on how to establish television stations. He was also selected by President Kennedy to serve on the U.S. Advisory Commission on Information in 1962. President Johnson reappointed him to that body. Morris S. Novik died in 1996. From the guide to the Morris S. 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Morris Novick was born 11/15/1903. He joined the Young Peoples Socialist League in 1918. He was National Chairman of Young Peoples Socialist League, 1921-1924. Mr. Novick was Director of the Discussion Guild, 1925-1932 and Director of Unity House from 1927-1932. He was Director of New York City Municipal Broadcasting System and Director of Communications for the City of New York, 1938-1945. Mr. Novick was Broadcast Consultant for ILGWU, UAW, National AFL, Liberal Party, 1945 onward.

From the description of Morris Novick Papers. (Cornell University Library). WorldCat record id: 180689690

Broadcasting executive.

WNYC-FM director; National Association of Educational Broadcasters Executive Secretary 1941-1948.

From the description of Morris S. Novik papers, 1940-1992 (bulk 1949-1964) (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 31905083

Morris S. Novik was born in Nevel, Russia in 1903. He came to the United States when he was eleven years old with his mother and his two younger brothers. It was in New York City where the family settled that Novik first met his father who had come to the United States years earlier. He was educated at a Yeshiva in the city but after graduating decided that he did not want to continue his religious education so at the age of fourteen he was sent to public school.

At this time Novik became involved with the social-political changes of 1917 engendered by the Russian Revolution. He headed a local chapter of the Young People's Socialist League while he was working at the Daily Record, a newspaper covering issues relating to the manufacture of clothing. He then received a scholarship to the Rand School which Novik described as a \"right-wing socialist school of learning\". During this time he became very involved in the socialist movement, starting a magazine called The Monthly Free Youth and serving as its editor.

In the early twenties Novik became involved with the Discussion Guild, arranging lectures and debates of well known writers and lecturers. The first speaker he engaged was noted British philosopher Bertrand Russell, who subsequently asked for Novik to represent him in future United States engagements. Through his work with the Discussion Guild Novik also became the manager for Clarence Darrow.

Novik entered the field of broadcasting in 1932 when he was asked to take over the management of the radio station WEVD in New York. He served as associate manager and program director. It was during this period that he founded the University of the Air.

Novik entered the field of broadcasting in 1932 when he was asked to take over the management of radio station WEVD in New York. It was during this time that he also founded the University of the Air. He was recruited by New York mayor Fiorello LaGuardia to run radio station WNYC. Novik declined until Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in 1938. He realized it was more important now to keep democracy over the airwaves than to promote socialism and labor interests as he was doing at WEVD. He became director of communications at WNYC (1938-1946) and it while it was at this position that he coined the term \"Public Broadcasting.\" It was also during this time that he became involved in the genesis of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. Novik claimed he was one of the seven men who met in Ames, Iowa in 1939 to plan the permanent organization of this association. He then served as its first executive secretary from 1941 to 1948. Subsequently, Novik was involved in buying or establishing radio stations in Detroit, Cleveland, and the New York area.

After leaving WNYC in 1946 Novik helped establish radio stations in Detroit and Cleveland. In 1950 he bought the station WLIB in New York on which he established negro programming. He kept this station for 5 years, selling it to his brother Harry in 1955 when he then bought the Italian station WOV. He kept the Italian language format at WOV during his ownership but upon selling this station in 1959 this format was abandoned by the new owners.

Novik maintained a long relationship with the labor movement, serving as a communications consultant for the American Federation of Labor and later for the merged American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). His career also included some presidential appointments. In 1952 President Truman appointed him to be delegate to the UNESCO conference in Paris. In 1953 he participated in the UNESCO London conference on TV, advising Europeans on how to establish television stations. He was also selected by President Kennedy to serve on the U.S. Advisory Commission on Information in 1962. President Johnson reappointed him to that body.

Morris S. Novik died in 1996.

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Kodak, short for Eastman Kodak Company is a multinational technology company based in the United States. It was founded by George Eastman in 1888. Kodak is widely known for and internationally renowned for its photographic film products. It was one of the foremost photographic film businesses of the 20th Century.

In 2009 as part of a major global restructuring programme, Kodak generously donated its research department's library to DMU Archives and Special Collections. The research library formed part of the European Research Centre which was based at Harrow from 1928 and is now based at Cambridge.

This major donation has been catalogued as a sequence within DMU Special Collections and is of particular relevance to the MA in Photographic History course, also established in 2009 and one of the leading national postgraduate photography courses.

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The first listener-subscription FM educational radio station. Began broadcasting 15 April 1949.

From the description of Publicity brochures and papers, 1949-1984. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122566009

Listener-supported Radio Organization.

Founded in 1946 by Lewis Hill, Eleanor McKinney and others.

From the description of Records. 1946-1991. (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 34530061

Historical Note

The first listener-subscription FM educational radio station. Began broadcasting 15 April 1949.

From the guide to the Pacifica Foundation Publicity brochures and papers, 1949-1984, (Stanford University. Libraries. Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives.)

In March of 1946, Lewis Hill, Eleanor McKinney and others began discussing the need for non-commercial, educational, cultural radio in the San Francisco Bay area. Frustrated with commercial radio, which they perceived as narrow in scope and rushed in delivery, Lewis Hill and this small group of people founded the Pacifica Foundation. Nearly three years after its incorporation date, Pacifica's first station, Berkeley's KPFA, went on the air.

From the station's beginning audience support was quite strong. Volunteers and donations arrived very soon after KPFA began airing, although more volunteers and more money were always needed. Pacifica was granted tax exemption on the basis of being an educational institution, and this also helped with the problems inherent in raising funds from listeners.

As Pacifica's first station, KPFA was the first listener-supported radio enterprise. The goal behind this revolutionary ideas was to serve as a grass roots forum; to support diversity, freedom of speech, to be funded by listeners and to program according to their interests and needs, not those of a corporate sponsor. These ideals were supported by the programming style at Pacifica. Examples of this practice were allowing programs to be as long or short as would be appropriate for the subject (not cutting them off to fit into tight commercial schedules), using informal speech style in order to avoid any alienation associated with more formal speech, etc.

Much of this idealism that was so identified with Pacifica was a result of the influence of Lewis Hill, the prime mover of the organization. Hill was a pacifist, who above all else, felt that communication, especially via the arts such as music, drama and literature, could form bonds among people. He also considered discussion of science, religion and philosophy ways to form such bonds, and address the quality of the human spirit. Hill believed that open controversy concerning concerning these and other such realms was a natural and necessary part of learning. As a result, Pacifica encouraged the broadcasting of differing points of view. Over the years, this dedication to freedom of expression created conflicts not only with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), but with the Senate (1963 investigation concerning suspected Communist infiltration) and the FBI as well. In spite of a series of investigations and many complaints from listeners who were offended by their seeming lack of discrimination in programming, Pacifica stations did not lose their licenses. In fact, they set precedents concerning freedom of speech in broadcasting, from which communication media have benefited since.

Lewis Hill's vision set the stage for Pacifica and its open door programming policy. His time with the Foundation was not without problems, however. Between 1952 and 1954, KPFA experienced management related problems as a result of the clashing of the founding group's goals and new staff members' ideals. Hill resigned in 1952, and several other workers associated with the station's beginning left in protest of Hill's absence. The new management struggled, and in 1954, Hill returned.

Hill's suicide in 1954 shocked both KPFA staff and listeners. Because of his central role in creating the essence and style of the station, it was unclear how Pacifica would be affected. Instead of losing sight of Hill's vision, Pacifica began realizing plans to expand into other communities, and four stations have been added: KPFK, Los Angeles, 1959; WBAI, New York, 1960; KPFT, Houston, 1970; and WPFW, Washington, DC, 1977. Many affiliate stations have signed on in addition to these core stations. As with KPFA, each of these core stations has struggled to address its audience thoughtfully. For various reasons, each has also encountered resistance from sections of the community it serves. For example, KPFT was bombed twice in its first years, and other stations have experienced internal disagreements.

Pacifica has a unique status in broadcasting history not only for being the first listener-supported radio station, but also for breaking ground in freedom of speech issues, and for taking the risk of providing controversial programming and points of view.

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Levy attended the University of California, Berkeley and earned a Ph.D. in English Literature and Drama. During her career, she also worked at stations KQED in San Francisco, WGBH in Boston, and CBC in Toronto, Canada. Her program, \"The American woman in fact and fiction\" earned a citation for distinguished programming from the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. 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Buck was born in Detroit, growing up in Corktown. He studied at Detroit Art Academy, which had been founded by Joseph Gies and Francis P. Paulus. He illustrated for music publishers Ted Snyder, Edward H. Pfeiffer, and Jerome H. Remick. His cover illustrations had a personal touch and showed art deco and art nouveau elements. Dean Cornwell called him \"the first artist I ever copied\". By 1910 Buck was writing lyrics for composer Dave Stamper; his first hit was \"Daddy has a Sweetheart, and Mother is her Name\". He wrote about 500 songs, including \"In the Cool of the Evening\", \"No Foolin'\", \"Garden of My Dreams\", \"Someone, Someday, Somewhere\", and \"Hello, 'Frisco\". After 1914 he gave up illustration due to his failing eyesight. 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President of ASCAP and composer.

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WKSU also reaches much of Greater Cleveland, and extends throughout Northeast Ohio with two low-power broadcast relay stations and four full-power repeaters. Owned by Kent State University, WKSU broadcasts a mix of public radio and classical music, and serves as the local affiliate for NPR, American Public Media, and Public Radio International. Besides a standard analog transmission, WKSU broadcasts over four HD Radio channels, and is available online. The WKSU studios are located on the campus of Kent State University, while the station transmitter is in Copley. Radio operations within Kent State University can be traced back to 1940 with the establishment of the Kent State Radio Workshop, a division of the university's School of Speech. The Radio Workshop entered into a partnership with WADC to air a series of 15-minute long radio dramas produced by the Workshop on Tuesday afternoons; this began on March 3, 1940 with the program Lunch Room Nocturne, performed at the WADC studios in Tallmadge. Studios were eventually constructed on the university campus for the Radio Workshop that were comparable to that of a licensed radio station; the Radio Workshop also assumed production of a weekly radio program by Kent State faculty members from WTAM in Cleveland, that program was also moved to WADC. One of the last programs offered on WADC was an adaptation of the play Arsenic and Old Lace by the university's theater department on November 31, 1942. 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The member-supported network is owned by St. Lawrence University and is the NPR member for the Adirondack North Country region of northern New York. Its studios are located in the Noble Medical Building on the SLU campus. The flagship station, WSLU in Canton, signed on for the first time on March 7, 1968. It was a charter member of NPR. It adopted the on-air name North Country Public Radio in 1984. In the same year, it built the first of several low-powered translators; much of the surrounding area was among the few areas of the Northeastern United States that was still without public radio. Its first full-powered repeaters, WSLO in Malone and WSLL in Saranac Lake began broadcasting in 1989, with additional stations signing on in the early 1990s. ", "ownedBy": [ "St. Lawrence University" ], "placeNames": [ "Canton", "New York" ], "airtableId": "recD9l428pnBCyxPV" }, "airtableId": "rec9YFDucbXquM54r" }, { "id": "longsdorf-l-l", "name": "Longsdorf, L. 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The university system includes five campuses (Amherst, Boston, Dartmouth, Lowell, and a medical school in Worcester), a satellite campus in Springfield and also 25 campuses throughout California and Washington with the University of Massachusetts Global. The system administration is in Boston and Shrewsbury and is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and across its campuses enrolls 75,065 students. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/university-of-massachusetts.png", "altNames": [ "University of Massachusetts at Amherst", "University of Massachusetts Amherst", "University of Massachusetts Amherst, Mass.", "Université du Massachusetts Amherst", "University of Massachusetts (System). University of Massachusetts at Amherst", "Amherst (Mass.). University of Massachusetts at Amherst", "Massachusetts. University", "UMASS Amherst Abkuerzung", "Amherst. University of Massachusetts", "Massachusetts. 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On cable, the station is available on Charter Spectrum and Grande Communications channel 10, and AT&T U-verse channel 9. KLRN also serves as the default PBS member station for the Laredo and Victoria markets (the latter along with KUHT in Houston) as they do not have their own PBS station; both stations are available on cable and satellite providers in both markets. 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Owned and operated by the Akron Public Schools, the station airs adult album alternative (AAA). In addition to a standard analog transmission, WAPS broadcasts over four HD Radio channels, and is available online. WAPS primarily serves the Akron metro area, but also simulcasts over a single full-power repeater: WKTL (90.7 FM), licensed to Struthers and operated by Struthers High School, broadcasts the WAPS signal to the Youngstown metro area. 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(40 + 41 = 81 total.) Stations are located in Minnesota, Wisconsin (La Crosse), North Dakota (Fargo and Grand Forks), South Dakota (Sioux Falls), Michigan (Houghton), Iowa (Decorah), and Idaho (Sun Valley). MPR also operates KPCC in Pasadena, California. Most areas are served by both a classical music station and a news and information station. One location is covered by a single station that combines both services. Two locations are served by a classical music station, a news and information station, and The Current. 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The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, as part of a duopoly with Mount Laurel, New Jersey-licensed Telemundo owned-and-operated station WWSI (channel 62); NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of locally based media firm Comcast, owns both networks, along with regional sports network NBC Sports Philadelphia. WCAU and WWSI share studios within the Comcast Technology Center on Arch Street in Center City, with some operations remaining at their former main studio at the corner of City Avenue and Monument Road in Bala Cynwyd, along the Philadelphia–Montgomery county line. The two stations also share transmitter facilities in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia. In 1946, the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin secured a construction permit for channel 10, naming its proposed station WPEN-TV after the newspaper's WPEN radio stations (950 AM, now WKDN, and 98.1 FM, later WCAU-FM and now WOGL). 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ASCAP collects licensing fees from users of music created by ASCAP members, then distributes them back to its members as royalties. In effect, the arrangement is the product of a compromise: when a song is played, the user does not have to pay the copyright holder directly, nor does the music creator have to bill a radio station for use of a song. 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The Co-operative Printing Society was formed in Manchester as the North of England Co-operative Printing Society in 1869 by a group of printers, some of whom had worked for the Manchester Guardian. £1 shares were made available to the public and when £1,000 had been raised, the business commenced operation as letterpress printers and stationers, also undertaking bookbinding, ruling, lithography and other printing work.

The Co-operative Newspaper Society was formed in 1871 and registered as a co- operative. Its members were co-operative societies in the UK. The Society was formed to publish the first national newspaper of the co-operative movement, called the Co operative News and published weekly from September 1871 becoming a bi-weekly newspaper in 2006. Earlier journals had been published by individuals and changed their subject coverage according to the changing interests of their publisher. This was the first time that co-operative societies had come together to produce their own newspaper, an independent periodical, not tied to any particular organisation or section of the co-operative sector. The Co-operative News has always been based in Manchester and was printed by the Co-operative Printing Society. Scotland had its own Newspaper Society and its own newspaper, the Scottish Co operator which was published from 1893 to 1974 when it merged with the Co-operative News.

Following campaigns in the early 1880s the Co-operative News began a Women's Corner in January 1883, which is credited with leading to the creation of the Women's Co-operative Guild, one of the oldest women's organisations in the UK.

Following the recommendations of a Survey Committee, the English and Scottish Co-operative Newspaper Societies amalgamated in 1921 under the name of the National Co operative Publishing Society. There was a further name change in 1935 to the Co-operative Press.

The publications were, with the exception of Millgate Monthly (a cultural magazine) aimed at a co-operative public. The desire within the co-operative movement for a mainstream newspaper led to the purchase in 1929 of Reynolds News, a Sunday newspaper originally of the chartist movement and with a long radical tradition. Declining sales of the Reynolds News caused a change in name to Sunday Citizen in 1962 and the newspaper ceased publication in 1967.

In September 1971, the Co-operative Press took over Birmingham Printers, which had been registered as a co-operative society in 1902. In 1970 it was agreed that the Co-operative Printing Society would became part of the Co-operative Press, this was effective from June 1972.

Traden Publications was a joint venture between the Co operative Press and Leyden Publishing to publish a free distribution newspaper for the Greater Manchester area, formed in 1972 and wound up in 1974.

Bamford, W M (1921) Our Fifty Years 1871-1921: A Jubilee Souvenir of the Co-operative News Manchester: National Co operative Publishing Society MercerT W (1930) Sixty Years of Co-operative Printing 1869 1929 Manchester: Co-operative Printing SocietyBonner, A (1970) British Co-operation Second edition. Manchester: Co-operative UnionCo-operative Press (1950) Press Power for the People: co operators in Fleet Street Manchester: Co-operative PressFrom the guide to the Co-operative Press, 1805- Oct 1998, (National Co-operative Archive)", "altNames": [ "Co-operative Press, Co-operative Newspaper Society, Co-operative Printing Society, National Co-operative Publishing Society, Birmingham Printers, Traden Publications" ], "subjects": [ "Cooperation" ], "airtableId": "reccu8UazWKeHb3Rx" }, "airtableId": "rec9sJbvQcyFQnCbT" }, { "id": "slate-sam-j", "name": "Slate, Sam J.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec9sVYymdEpIQ8IL" }, { "id": "taft-robert-jr-1917-1993", "name": "Taft, Robert, Jr., 1917-1993", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rec9spXqV2MAOB6sg" }, { "id": "pepper-claude-1900-1989", "name": "Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q331244", "name": "Claude Pepper", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician (1900-1989)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Pepper", "birthDate": "1900-09-08T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1989-05-30T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Dudleyville", "deathPlace": "Washington, D.C.", "description": "Claude Denson Pepper (September 8, 1900 – May 30, 1989) was an American politician of the Democratic Party, and a spokesman for left-liberalism and the elderly. He represented Florida in the United States Senate from 1936 to 1951 and the Miami area in the United States House of Representatives from 1963 until 1989. Born in Chambers County, Alabama, Pepper established a legal practice in Perry, Florida after graduating from Harvard Law School. After serving a single term in the Florida House of Representatives, Pepper won a 1936 special election to succeed Senator Duncan U. Fletcher. Pepper became one of the most prominent liberals in Congress, supporting legislation such as the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. After World War II, Pepper's conciliatory views towards the Soviet Union and opposition to President Harry Truman's 1948 re-nomination engendered opposition within the party. Pepper lost the 1950 Senate Democratic primary to Congressman George Smathers and returned to private legal practice the following year. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/pepper-claude-1900-1989.jpg", "altNames": [ "C. Denson Pepper", "Claude D. Pepper", "Claude Denson Pepper" ], "occupation": [ "politician", "lawyer", "laborer" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81071811" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/45045330" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81071811" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10570144" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z60wjh" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Florida", "Miami-Dade--12086", "Washington (D.C.)", "Miami (Fla.)" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "social-security", "title": "Social security" } ], "airtableId": "recVyBIey69nOlVuq" }, "snac": { "snacId": "46097046", "description": "

Senator, Congressman.

From the description of Reminiscences of Claude Denson Pepper : oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122684146

Claude Pepper, 1900-1989, was a Democratic senator from Florida from 1936 to 1951 and a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1963 until his death. Arthur J. Goldsmith, 1889-1964, was a New York financier and manufacturer.

From the description of [Claude Pepper letters to Arthur J. Goldsmith]. [1943-1958] (Baylor University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 436275689

Politician, lawyer.

Claude Pepper was born on September 8, 1900, near Dudleyville, Alabama. In 1917 he and his father set up a clothes-pressing business, he taught elementary school and Bible classes, and worked in a steel mill. He attended the University of Alabama, and later graduated from the Law School of Harvard University, becoming an instructor at the University of Arkansas. In 1925 he was admitted to the Florida Bar, and began a law practice in Perry, Florida. In 1929, he was elected a member of the Florida House of Representatives, serving on various committees. In 1930, he moved to Tallahassee. On December 29, 1936, he married Mildred Irene Webster, and was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate. In 1951 he opened law practices in Tallahassee and Washington, D.C., and several other offices in the coming years. In 1962, he was elected as a Democrat to the 88th Congress, United States House of Representatives. He was part of various committees, including the House Rules Committee, House Select Committee on Crime, House Select Committee on Aging, and the House Subcommittee on Health and Long-Term Care. On May 30, 1989, Claude Pepper died in Washington, D.C.

From the description of Claude Pepper collection, 1915-1993. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 50668496

Politician.

Born and educated in Alabama; received law degree at Harvard; taught law at the University of Arkansas, 1924. Began law practice in Perry, Florida, in 1925. Moved to Tallahassee to practice law in 1930. Served in Florida House of Representatives, 1929-1936; U.S. Senate, 1936-1951; U.S. House of Representatives, 1963-1989. Died in 1989.

From the description of Scrapbooks, 1948-1958. (University of Florida). 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KPFA-FM

KPFA-FM in Berkeley was an influential participant in the development of the Bay Area as a national center for new music. It gained an international reputation for its music programming early on, after being founded in 1949. Up until 1992, its Music Directors were always composers or critics in the classical music field. From 1969-1992, composer Charles Amirkhanian (Executive & Artistic Director of Other Minds) served as Music Director for KPFA. During his tenure the station initiated a number of unusual series, one of which was then the longest-running continuous program on avant-garde music in American radio history (Ode to Gravity, 1970-1995). Aside from the contemporary music programming the station was known for, it also broadcast a variety of programs focusing on bluegrass, opera, world music, jazz, folk, pop, and gospel; many recordings of which are also contained within the collection.

Other Minds

Other Minds (OM) is a non-profit organization in San Francisco dedicated to the encouragement and propagation of contemporary music in all its forms through multiple outlets including a yearly festival, an artist residency program, a record label, preservation project, and a radio program on KALW, San Francisco.

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KUHT, also known as HoustonPBS, is a member of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) licensed to the University of Houston and the Houston Independent School District. Founded in 1953, the station was the first educational television station of its kind in the world. Serving the Houston metropolitan area, KUHT was the first station in the area to feature programs in high-fidelity stereo. The station produced a number of feature programs and documentaries, including Elissa in 1978, Journey to the Sky: A History of the Alabama and Coushatta Indians in 1981, and Child at Risk in 1985.

Source:

HoustonPBS History. HoustonPBS. Accessed June 29, 2011. http://www.houstonpbs.org/site/PageServer?pagename=abt_history .

From the guide to the Journey to the Sky: A History of the Alabama and Coushatta Indians, Film 82-373., 1981, (Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin)

KUHT, also known as HoustonPBS, is a member of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) licensed to the University of Houston and the Houston Independent School District.

Founded in 1953, the station was the first educational television station of its kind in the world. Serving the Houston metropolitan area, KUHT was the first station in the area to feature programs in high-fidelity stereo. The station produced a number of feature programs and documentaries, including Elissa in 1978, Journey to the Sky: A History of the Alabama and Coushatta Indians in 1981, and Child at Riskin 1985.

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Argonne National Laboratory is located at Argonne, Illinois, and is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy. The Laboratory is one of the nation's leading energy research centers. It develops and assesses nuclear and alternative energy technologies and conducts a wide range of fundamental and applied research in the physical, environmental, and biomedical sciences. Research disciplines range from biology, physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, and computer science to advanced energy and environmental science and technology.

From the description of Presentations, 1990-1992. (Iowa State University). 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The University evolved through three stages before becoming the University of Kentucky in 1916: the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Kentucky University, 1865-78, a private, denominational institution in Lexington created by an act of the legislature on February 22, 1865; the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Kentucky, 1878-1908; and State University, Lexington, 1908-1916. A statute in 1916 changed the name to University of Kentucky. The new president took up the investigating committee's recommendation to write a constitution, which provided for a faculty-administration university senate. A graduate school was established in 1924. Among the new buildings was a central library. Enrollment doubled the first year after World War I and doubled again in the 1920s, totaling 4,992 in 1932, when the impact of the Depression was greatest. Emphasis upon nonstate funding continued. 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The University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY is a land grant institution founded in 1865. The University evolved through three stages before becoming the University of Kentucky in 1916: the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Kentucky University, 1865-78, a private, denominational institution in Lexington created by an act of the legislature on February 22, 1865; the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Kentucky, 1878-1908; and State University, Lexington, 1908-1916. A statute in 1916 changed the name to University of Kentucky. The new president took up the investigating committee's recommendation to write a constitution, which provided for a faculty-administration university senate. A graduate school was established in 1924. Among the new buildings was a central library. Enrollment doubled the first year after World War I and doubled again in the 1920s, totaling 4,992 in 1932, when the impact of the Depression was greatest. Emphasis upon nonstate funding continued. In 1988-89 $60 million in research grants and contracts and $22 million in developmental gifts were awarded.

WBKY established itself at 91.3 in the new FM band in 1947 making it the first FM college radio station in the United States. The broadcast facilities and transmitter were located in McVey Hall on the University of Kentucky's main campus. The station was on the air nightly for three hours, every evening, five nights each week. In 1971, WBKY became a charter member of National Public Radio. On October 1, 1989, WBKY became WUKY and in January of 1990 and the transmitting wattage was increased to 100,000 watts.

From the description of WBKY audio tape collection, 1965-1970. (University of Kentucky Libraries). WorldCat record id: 213415120

The University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY is a land grant institution founded in 1865. The University evolved through three stages before becoming the University of Kentucky in 1916: the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Kentucky University, 1865-78, a private, denominational institution in Lexington created by an act of the legislature on February 22, 1865; the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Kentucky, 1878-1908; and State University, Lexington, 1908-1916. A statute in 1916 changed the name to University of Kentucky. The new president took up the investigating committee's recommendation to write a constitution, which provided for a faculty-administration university senate. A graduate school was established in 1924. Among the new buildings was a central library. Enrollment doubled the first year after World War I and doubled again in the 1920s, totaling 4,992 in 1932, when the impact of the Depression was greatest. Emphasis upon nonstate funding continued. In 1988-89 $60 million in research grants and contracts and $22 million in developmental gifts were awarded.

WBKY established itself at 91.3 in the new FM band in 1947 making it the first FM college radio station in the United States. The broadcast facilities and transmitter were located in McVey Hall on the University of Kentucky's main campus. The station was on the air nightly for three hours, every evening, five nights each week. In 1971, WBKY became a charter member of National Public Radio. On October 1, 1989, WBKY became WUKY and in January of 1990 the transmitting wattage was increased to 100,000 watts.

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Green", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Ph.D. Brown University 1959", "description": "Robert Edward Green(1934-2003) was a religious humanist and Unitarian Universalist minister who served churches in Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, Michigan, and California. -- From the description of Papers of Robert Edward Green 1961-2002 (Harvard University, Divinity School Library). WorldCat record id: 776239878\n\n", "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/28465258" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w637999b" ], "airtableId": "rec8e88kow7AP9MD9" }, "snac": { "snacId": "35272872", "description": "

Robert Edward Green(1934-2003) was a religious humanist and Unitarian Universalist minister who served churches in Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, Michigan, and California.

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James W. Keeler was born March 21, 1927 in New York. He worked in radio broadcasting, at places and cities such as the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Boston, New York, Detroit, and Traverse City, Michigan. In 1962, he hosted the radio program The world of the conductor, produced at WHYY radio in Philadelphia. He also worked on programs at WHYY such as Listen to the land and Artist speaks. Keeler died on April 13, 2009.

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Epithet: American conductor

British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000210.0x000086

Austrian-born American conductor and impresario of the New York City Opera.

From the description of Interview conducted by Oliver Daniel, July 10, 1978 [sound recording]. (University of Pennsylvania Library). 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Hugh Studebaker (1901-1978) performed on many radio shows throughout the 1930s and 1940s. His major roles included Silly Watson on \"Fibber McGee and Molly,\" Dr. Robert Graham on \"Bachelor's Children,\" and Harry Henderson in \"The Beulah Show.\" Other productions included \"Knickerbocker Playhouse,\" \"Whispering Smith,\" and \"Brewster Boy.\" In the late 1940s he played a part on the television soap opera, \"Guiding Light.\" In addition, he toured on the Chautauqua circuit in the 1920s and was one of the original organizers of the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists.

From the description of Hugh Studebaker papers, 1907-1983 (bulk 1920-1960) (University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center). 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Biographical note: Governor of Arizona, 1958-1962; United States Senator, 1964 to 1977; Paul Fannin was a hard-line conservative who lived in Phoenix until his death in 2002.

From the description of The Fannin Report, ca. 1958-1974. (Arizona Historical Society, Southern Arizona Division). WorldCat record id: 247059039

Arizona governor, 1959-1965, and senator, 1965-1977.

From the description of Papers of Senator Paul J. Fannin, 1958-1977. (Scottsdale Public Library). WorldCat record id: 63170473

Paul Jones Fannin was born in Ashland, Kentucky on January 29, 1907. His family moved to Phoenix, Arizona in October of the same year. Fannin attended the University of Arizona before graduating from Stanford University with a degree in business administration in 1930. He went on to distribute a new product, propane gas, until selling his business in 1956.

Fannin was elected Governor of Arizona in 1958 and re-elected in 1960 and 1962. During his terms, Arizona increased sales taxes to support its public school system, established junior colleges, improved state universities, and constructed its first medical school in Tucson. When Barry Goldwater left the Senate to run for President in 1964, Fannin won his seat. In Congress, Fannin served on the Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, the Labor and Public Welfare Committee, the Post Office and Civil Service Committee, the Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration Committee, the Aging Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Budget Committee. He was a particular opponent of organized labor, denouncing industrial strikes and fighting to maintain the clause in the Taft-Hartley Act that allowed individual states to decide whether to mandate union membership for workers in unionized shops. He was also involved with environmental issues, supporting increased limitations on strip mining and working to complete the Central Arizona Project.

In 1976, Fannin chose not to run for re-election for personal reasons. He returned to Arizona, where he continued to lobby for energy issues and served on the Central Arizona Water Conservation District Board. Fannin died of a stroke on January 13, 2002.

From the guide to the Preliminary Inventory of the Political Papers of Paul Fannin, 1965-1976, (Arizona State University Libraries Arizona Collection)

Paul Jones Fannin served as Arizona's governor from 1959 to 1965. Born in Ashland, Kentucky on January 29, 1907, he moved to Phoenix, Arizona as a small child. After graduating from Phoenix Union High School, he studied at the University of Arizona and graduated from Stanford University with a BA in Business Administration. He soon became involved with his brother in the Fannin Gas and Supply Company, a petroleum and equipment distribution company doing business in the Southwest and Mexico.

A conservative Republican, Fannin ran for governor in 1958 and although the majority of registered voters at that time were Democrats, he won by over 30,000 votes. Fannin later ran two more times and won. As Governor, Fannin worked to attract industry to the state, fought for better schools and the creation of a junior college system. During his tenure, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to allocate the Colorado River between Arizona and California. This decision led to the creation of the Central Arizona Project. In 1959, Fannin created the Arizona Mexico West Coast Trade Commission to facilitate economic and social interaction. Fannin also served as Chairman of the Western Governor's Conference, functioned as a three-term member of the executive committee of the national Governor's Conference, and was a member of the President's Civil Defense Advisory Council from 1963 to 1964. In 1964, he campaigned and won Barry Goldwater's vacated Senate seat. Fannin served in the United State Senate until 1977.

Dr. Arthur M. Lee was born in Wisconsin in 1918 and moved to Phoenix in 1951 after earning his PhD. in History at Syracuse University. He taught as Professor of History and Government at Grand Canyon University before serving as Administrative Assistant to Arizona Congressman John Rhodes (1959-1961) and then Executive Secretary to Governor Fannin from 1961 to 1965.

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In 1922 the Atlanta Constitution founded a radio station in response to its rival newspaper's station, WSB, which was owned by the Atlanta Journal. Clark Howell, newspaper editor and owner of the Constitution, offered the station to Georgia Tech in 1923 as a gift, which President Marion L. Brittain accepted on behalf of the state. At first the station operated under the call letters WBBF. The station's license was allowed to expire in 1924, but in the following year, a new license was granted with the call letters WGST, standing for the Georgia School of Technology. Following a lawsuit, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia took over operations from 1946 to 1973, when the station was bought by the Meredith Corporation.

From the description of WGST Radio records, 1928-1976. (Georgia Institute of Technology). 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\"Lillian Smith was one of the first prominent white southerners to denounce racial segregation openly and to work actively against the entrenched and often brutally enforced world of Jim Crow. From as early as the 1930s, she argued that Jim Crow was evil (\"Segregation is spiritual lynching,\" she said) and that it leads to social moral retardation.\"--\"Lillian Smith (1897-1966),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 18, 2008: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org

From the description of Lillian Smith letter, 1949 November 11. (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 631781441

Author, editor, and civil rights leader. Born in Jasper, Florida. Author of multiple books, including: Strange Fruit (1944), Killers of the Dream (1949), The Journey (1954), and Our Faces, Our Words (1964). Smith was publisher and co-editor with Paula Snelling of The South Today, 1942-1945 (formerly entitled, Pseudopodia, 1937/37, and North Georgia Review, 1937-41).

From the guide to the Lillian Smith Papers, 1915-1972, 1935-1966, (Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida)

\"Lillian Smith was one of the first prominent white southerners to denounce racial segregation openly and to work actively against the entrenched and often brutally enforced world of Jim Crow. From as early as the 1930s, she argued that Jim Crow was evil (\"Segregation is spiritual lynching,\" she said) and that it leads to social moral retardation.\"--\"Lillian Smith (1897-1966),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 18, 2008: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org.

From the description of Laurel Falls Camp and Lillian Smith collection, circa 1940-1966. (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 319684757

\"Lillian Smith was one of the first prominent white southerners to denounce racial segregation openly and to work actively against the entrenched and often brutally enforced world of Jim Crow. From as early as the 1930s, she argued that Jim Crow was evil (\"Segregation is spiritual lynching,\" she said) and that it leads to social moral retardation.\"--\"Lillian Smith (1897-1966),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org. (Retrieved February 18, 2008)

From the description of Strange fruit by Lillian Smith materials, 1945. (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 319711638

Author, journal publisher and editor, and civil rights leader.

From the description of Papers, 1915-1972, bulk 1935-1966. (University of Florida). WorldCat record id: 19471373

Lillian Smith (1897-1966), author, lecturer, human rights advocate, born in Jasper County, Florida, resided in Rabun County, Georgia.

From the description of Letters to Ashley Montagu, 1956-1966. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 38476433From the description of Letters to and from Paula Snelling, 1943-1955. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 38476422From the description of Lillian Eugenia Smith papers, [ca. 1920-1980]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 38476411

Lillian Smith (1897-1966), author, lecturer, and human rights advocate, born in Jasper County, Florida, resided in Rabun County, Georgia.

From the description of Letters to Rochelle Girson, [ca. 1960]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 38476439

Lillian Eugenia Smith, author, was born 12 December 1897, in Jasper, Florida, and died 28 September 1966, in Atlanta, Georgia. She studied piano at the Peabody Conservatory; taught music at Virginia School, Huchow, China; directed Laurel Falls Camp for girls, in north Georgia (1925-1949); and co-edited SOUTH TODAY, a literary magazine (1936-1945). Smith was a supporter of the civil rights movement in her work and in her private life and was the author of STRANGE FRUIT (1944), KILLERS OF THE DREAM (1949), OUR FACES OUR WORDS (1964), and four other books.

From the description of Lillian Eugenia Smith collection, 1940-1962. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 173862930

Lillian Smith (1897-1966), author, lecturer, human rights advocate, was born in Jasper County, Florida, and resided in Rabun County, Georgia.

Laurel Falls Camp for Girls in Clayton, Georgia was owned and directed by Lillian Smith. The camp was established in 1920 by C.M. Smith, father of Lillian Smith.

Paula Snelling was a school counselor and the longtime partner of Lillian Smith.

From the description of Lillian Eugenia Smith papers, circa 1920-1980. (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 456086253

\"Lillian Smith was one of the first prominent white southerners to denounce racial segregation openly and to work actively against the entrenched and often brutally enforced world of Jim Crow. From as early as the 1930s, she argued that Jim Crow was evil (\"Segregation is spiritual lynching,\" she said) and that it leads to social moral retardation... Lillian Eugenia Smith was born into a large, respectable, prosperous family in Jasper, Florida, on December 12, 1897. When the family business collapsed in 1915, her family moved to their cottage in Clayton, in Rabun County, and started Laurel Falls Girls Camp. Smith studied at Piedmont College in Demorest (1915-16) and then left to help run the family camp. Pursuing her great love of music, she also did two stints at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland (1917, 1919). In 1922 she went to China to offer musical instruction at a Methodist missionary school. When her parents' health began to fail in 1925, she came home and eventually took over the running of the camp, which in time she converted into a place for serious discussion of social issues.\"--\"Lillian Smith (1897-1966),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 18, 2008: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org.

Laurel Falls Camp for girls in Clayton, Georgia was owned and directed by Lillian Smith. The camp was established in 1920 by C. M. Smith, father of Lillian Smith.

From the description of Lillian Smith photographs, circa 1930. (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 340994730

Lillilan Smith was one of the first prominent white southerners to denounce racial segregation openly and to work actively against the entrenched and often brutally enforced world of Jim Crow. From as early as the 1930s, she argued that Jim Crow was evil (\"Segregation is spiritual lynching,\" she said) and that it leads to social and moral retardation. Smith gained national recognition - and regional denunciation - by writing Strange Fruit (1944), a bold novel of illicit interracial love. Five years later she hurled another thunderbolt against racism in Killers of the Dream (1949), a brilliant psychological and autobiographical work warning that segregation corrupted the soul; removed any possibility of freedom and decency in the South; and had serious implications for women and children in particular in their developing views of sex, their bodies, and their innermost selves. From her home in Clayton, atop Old Screamer Mountain, she openly convened interracial meetings, and she toured the South, talking to people from all races and classes. She was unsparing in her criticisms of \"liberals\" and \"moderates\" like Atlanta's famed Ralph McGill and refused to join groups such as the Southern Regional Council until it could oppose segregation as well as racism. In her own psyche she struggled with intensely conflicting desires: to write creatively, following her heart's passions, or to respond to her stern conscience and the intellectual voice of duty. New Georgia Encyclopedia http://newgeorgiaencyclopedia.com (Retrieved February 20, 2009)

Norman Cousins was an American essayist and editor, long associated with the Saturday Review. From 1942-1972 he was editor of the Saturday Review. Following his appointment as executive editor in 1940, he introduced essays that drew a connection between literature and current events, whereupon circulation of the magazine increased 50 percent. Unafraid to criticize, Cousins was outspoken and his articles sometimes bitter. At times he criticized the U.S. government, but he felt strongly that a unique potential for greatness existed in America; he wrote The Good Inheritance: the Democratic Chance (1942) to explore this idea. Cousins felt that modern problems stemmed from the absence of a collective voice and from Americans' inability to see their social and political dilemmas clearly. In 1972 Cousins left the Saturday Review but returned the following year. In 1980 he was named \"editor emeritus.\" In his final years he was adjunct professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral science at the University of California at Los Angeles. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online http://www.britannica.com (Retrieved February 20, 2009)

Paula Snelling was the longtime partner of Lillian Smith. Snelling was a school counselor who assisted Smith with running Laurel Falls Girls Camp.

From the description of Lillian Smith - Norman Cousins correspondence, 1946-1966. (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 319620746", "birthDate": "1897-12-12", "deathDate": "9/28/1966", "altNames": [ "Smith, Lillian Eugenia, 1897-1966" ], "subjects": [ "American literature--20th century", "Woman authors, American", "Authors, American--Obituaries", "Critics--Correspondence", "African Americans--Civil rights", "Civil rights workers--Correspondence", "Women authors, American--Biography", "Authors, American--20th century--Correspondence", "Student counselors--Correspondence", "Periodicals--Publishing", "Periodical editors--correspondence", "Women critics--Correspondence", "Programs", "Women authors, American", "Anisfield--Wolf Award", "African Americans", "Civil rights", "Authors, American", "Clippings (Books, newspapers, etc.)", "Drama", "Literary prizes", "Camps", "Women authors, American--Interviews", "Camp counselors--Correspondence", "Women authors, American--Photographs", "Authors, American--Correspondence", "Ẁomen authors, American--Correspondence", "Camps for girls", "Human rights workers--Correspondence" ], "placeNames": [ "Georgia", "United States", "Georgia--Clayton", "Southern states", "Illinois--Chicago" ], "occupations": [ "Authors" ], "airtableId": "recQVfJETUgxDLSM0" }, "airtableId": "recD33w30KdWQ0Epd" }, { "id": "mays-benjamin-e-benjamin-elijah-1894-1984", "name": "Mays, Benjamin E. (Benjamin Elijah), 1894-1984", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recD3psBUVD6zoTNw" }, { "id": "novick-maurice", "name": "Novick, Maurice", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recD5h0vrrteUYMwQ" }, { "id": "arp-bill-1826-1903", "name": "Arp, Bill, 1826-1903", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recD6pkGiJ3AgsY4I" }, { "id": "keogh-jg", "name": "Keogh, J.G.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recD6tylqzpPLhNAf" }, { "id": "wolfe-thomas-w", "name": "Wolfe, Thomas W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recD7MTIYwOB1HNg1" }, { "id": "wattenberg-morris", "name": "Wattenberg, Morris", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recD8EokQll08O2w6" }, { "id": "stuckey-ws-jr", "name": "Stuckey, W.S., Jr.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDA7bAKDphtv1hP" }, { "id": "swanson-wesley", "name": "Swanson, Wesley", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDACykytRSBKH3i" }, { "id": "king-mutt", "name": "King Mutt", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDAKFtKgDpmEmLv" }, { "id": "keta-television-station-oklahoma-city-okla", "name": "KETA (Television station : Oklahoma City, Okla.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107621705", "name": "KETA ", "wikidataLabelDescription": "television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma", "ownedBy": [ "Oklahoma Educational Television Authority" ], "placeNames": [ "Oklahoma City" ], "airtableId": "recNPg3XY1pCUVrz2" }, "airtableId": "recDAmX3TqkMtGnnS" }, { "id": "tynan-kenneth", "name": "Tynan, Kenneth", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDBUHfybkwkntX2" }, { "id": "stitch-margery-k", "name": "Stitch, Margery K.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDBtYotbloZyrXY" }, { "id": "inkeles-alex-1920", "name": "Inkeles, Alex, 1920-", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q9147100", "name": "Alex Inkeles", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American sociologist and social psychologist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Inkeles", "birthDate": "1920-03-04T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "2010-07-09T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Brooklyn", "description": "Alex Inkeles (March 4, 1920 – July 9, 2010) was an American sociologist and social psychologist. One of his main areas of research was the culture and society of the Soviet Union. His career was mostly spent at Harvard University and Stanford University. In addition to being the founding editor of the Annual Review of Sociology, some of his recognitions included membership in the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and American Philosophical Society. Alex Inkeles was born on March 4, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Poland, though lived in a neighborhood that predominantly consisted of Sicilians. He attended Cornell University for his bachelor's degree in 1941 and master's degree in 1946. While at Cornell, he took several high-level courses in the Russian language. After World War II he attended Columbia University for his PhD, graduating in 1949. ", "occupation": [ "historian", "psychologist", "sociologist" ], "employer": [ "Harvard University", "Stanford University" ], "memberOf": [ "National Academy of Sciences" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50027157" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/108498579" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50027157" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zp52kr" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Developing countries", "China" ], "airtableId": "recwp1WkCaYccHozR" }, "snac": { "snacId": "64735700", "description": "

Educator, sociologist.

From the description of Reminiscences of Alex Inkeles : oral history, 1985. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122528753

American sociologist.

From the description of Alex Inkeles papers, 1941-2003. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754872157

Biographical/Historical Note

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Inkeles received an A.B. degree in 1941 and an A.M. in 1946 from Cornell University. He received a Ph.D. in 1949 from Columbia University, publishing Public Opinion in Soviet Russia: A Study in Mass Persuasion in 1950.

A professor of sociology at Harvard University from 1957 to 1971, he published What Is Sociology? in 1964 and Social Change in Soviet Russia in 1968.

From 1972 on, Inkeles was a professor of sociology at Stanford University and a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. Inkeles was an expert on political behavior, modernization, social psychology, and national character. His research focused on the social structure of an emerging worldwide society and cross-national comparative studies. Inkeles published Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries in 1974 and Exploring Individual Modernity in 1983.

Inkeles has held numerous fellowships including the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences in Stanford, California from 1955 to 1956 a Guggenheim fellowship for study in Israel and the United Kingdom from 1977 to 1978, and a National Academy of Sciences fellowship in 1992. He was also a Fulbright scholar in Greece in 1977 and in Chile in 1985.

He was elected to three of the most distinguished honorary societies in America: the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1962, the American Philosophical Society in 1972, and the National Academy of Sciences in 1981.

Alex Inkeles passed away on July 9, 2010.

Sources: \"Alex Inkeles, Senior Fellow\" Hoover Institution. http://www.hoover.org/fellows/9793 Accessed January 6, 2012

From the guide to the Alex Inkeles papers, 1941-2003, (Hoover Institution Archives)", "birthDate": "1920", "deathDate": "2010", "altNames": [ "Inkeles, Alex, 1920-...." ], "subjects": [ "Civilization, Modern", "Social change", "Endowment of research", "Education--Research", "Intellectual cooperation", "Sociology" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Developing countries", "China" ], "airtableId": "reckWVAozegSOvWg5" }, "airtableId": "recDBzO8y3UJ1lUEc" }, { "id": "wnad-radio-station-norman-okla", "name": "WNAD (Radio station : Norman, Okla.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107453259", "name": "WNAD", "wikidataLabelDescription": "former radio station call sign of the University of Oklahoma", "inceptionDate": "1921-09", "description": "

WNAD, the University of Oklahoma's radio station, was founded in September 1921 and was a member of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. In 1936, it was producing about 45 programs per week, 95% of which were educational and 5% of which were entertainment. Its program types were 50% music, 33% speaking, 10% dramatics, and 7% miscellaneous. That year, it also added academic courses taught by university professors and engineering lectures given by university students to its radio lineup. It was also one of the largest non-commercial stations in the U.S. at the time. In 1939, it reported that radio dramas were a major piece of its overall operations. In 1941, WNAD applied for an additional frequency so that it could broadcast all day instead of sharing its time with other stations. By 1947, WNAD had an estimated 500,000 listeners and launched the Oklahoma School of the Air to formalize its educational programs.

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WNAD, the University of Oklahoma's radio station, was founded in September 1921 and was a member of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. In 1936, it was producing about 45 programs per week, 95% of which were educational and 5% of which were entertainment. Its program types were 50% music, 33% speaking, 10% dramatics, and 7% miscellaneous. That year, it also added academic courses taught by university professors and engineering lectures given by university students to its radio lineup. It was also one of the largest non-commercial stations in the U.S. at the time. In 1939, it reported that radio dramas were a major piece of its overall operations. In 1941, WNAD applied for an additional frequency so that it could broadcast all day instead of sharing its time with other stations. By 1947, WNAD had an estimated 500,000 listeners and launched the Oklahoma School of the Air to formalize its educational programs.

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Massimo Bontempelli was an Italian writer and composer. Influenced by the Futurists and by Pirandello's brand of surrealism, he was primarily a proponent of magic realism, a genre that he allied to Italian fascism. He served as cultural liaison and propagandist for the fascist regime abroad and was the national secretary of the fascist writers' union from 1927 to 1928. After World War II he became a socialist and won a seat in the Italian senate, but the senate nullified the election because of his fascist past.

From the description of Bontempelli papers, 1865-1991. (Getty Research Institute). WorldCat record id: 80461371

Biographical/Historical Note

Massimo Bontempelli was born in 1878, the son of a railroad engineer whose work obliged the family to move frequently. He attended secondary school in Milan and university in Turin, where he graduated in both philosophy and letters. After teaching elementary school for a number of years and failing to win a position teaching Italian in secondary school, he turned to magazine editing in 1910. During WWI he was a war correspondent, reporting from the front, and then an artillery official (1917-1918).

While teaching elementary school, Bontempelli wrote poetry, stories and plays, producing a new volume every year or two, as he would continue to do for most of his career. After the war he returned to Milan, where he came into contact with the avant-garde and consequently reinvented himself, refuting his previous work and the late 19th century style that had characterized it. At forty years of age, he began editing futurist magazines and writing plays and stories that portrayed bizarre psychological conditions and uncanny situations. Along with the futurists, Pirandello, with whom Bontempelli was close friends, influenced work such as La vita intensa, La scacchiera davanti allo specchio, and Eva ultima .

In 1926, Bontempelli and Malaparte started the journal '900, Cahiers d'Italie et d'Europe, which was edited by an international group and which served as a venue for such writers as James Joyce, Virigina Woolf, and Blaise Cendrars. In '900 Bontempelli found a forum for his cultural theory, Novecentismo, which posited three stages in human civilization: the first, the classical period, ended with the coming of Christ; the second, the romantic, began with the Sermon on the Mount and ended with WWI; the third, both anti-classical and anti-romantic, was just beginning and would demand the complete political and cultural renewal that Fascism proposed. Bontempelli believed that the role of the writer within the new order should be that of mythographer, the producer of myths and fables for mass society. But while writers should employ \"magic realism\" to inspire readers to acceptance of the new order, they should not submit to control or censorship of their imaginations.

Bontempelli was the national secretary of the fascist writers' union from 1927-1928; in 1930 he became a member of the Academy of Italy. Until the late 1930s he served, along with his companion Paola Masino, as a cultural liason and propagandist for the fascist regime abroad, lecturing frequently on Italian cultural figures. During this period he also produced his \"mature\" novels and plays ( Il figlio di due madri ; Vita e morte di Adria e i suoi figli ; La fame ; Nembo ) written according to his theories, and became one of the best-selling authors in Italy. In 1938 he came into conflict with the regime over his refusal of a university chair vacated due to application of racial laws. He was expelled from the party and suspended from literary activity for one year. Reinstated, he began writing a popular column for Tempo, entitled \"Colloqui,\" which ran until 1943.

After WWII, Bontempelli aligned himself with the political left and ran for senator. He won, but the Senate nullified his election because of his fascist past. During the 1950s his health declined along with his literary reputation, despite the publication of a collection of essays on music and one of previously published stories, L'amante fedele, which won the 1953 Strega prize. He died in 1960.

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Survey researcher, director of the Institute for Social Research of the University of Michigan.

From the description of Angus Campbell papers, 1949-1980. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34421568

Angus Campbell was born in Leiters, Indiana, on August 10, 1910. He attended public schools in Portland, Oregon, then went on to study psychology at the University of Oregon and Stanford University.

Prior to coming to the University of Michigan Campbell taught at Northwestern University. In addition, he received a postdoctoral fellowship to study in the Department of Anthropology at Cambridge University, then with the coming of war left to spend several months conducting a field study of the black population of St. Thomas in the Virgin Islands. Early in 1942 he joined Rensis Likert and a staff of social scientists in Washington, D.C., to work providing information to federal agencies on various social and economic problems that had arisen as a result of the war. His title was Assistant Head of the Division of Program Surveys of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics.

Campbell was one of a group of scholars who came out of the Division of Program Surveys dedicated to establishing a new kind of survey research facility in a university setting. Given encouragement by the University of Michigan, Campbell, Likert and others came to Ann Arbor in 1946 to set up the Survey Research Center, one of the units out of which the Institute for Social Research ultimately evolved. He headed the SRC from 1948 to 1970, at which time he succeeded Rensis Likert as ISR director.

Campbell was most closely associated with survey research in three areas: political behavior, racial attitudes, and quality of life studies. He directed a long-time study in political elections that began with the presidential election of 1948. For this and later succeeding studies, Campbell became known as a nationally recognized expert in the field of political surveys.

During the 1960's and at the request of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, the Survey Research Center undertook a study of race problems in fifteen major cities. Campbell and Howard Schuman were directors of the study which was undertaken early in 1968. Periodically thereafter, Campbell continued to monitor trends in racial attitudes by repeating parts of the study (usually every two years).

Campbell's third major interest was finding ways of conceptualizing and measuring the psychological quality of life. He began work in this area in 1968 with support from the Russell Sage Foundation.

In addition to his responsibilities at ISR, Campbell was Professor of Sociology and Psychology at the University and a lecturer in the Law School. He also served on many University committees.

Campbell was active in many professional organizations and served as a consultant to government agencies. He was an author and editor, and much in demand as a speaker. He died on December 15,1980 at his home in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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In 1961, Temple University awarded Carl Zigrosser an honorary Doctorate of Letters.

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His work introduced American scholars and the interested public to broadcasting systems in Eastern and Western European countries where the role of the government and of advertising contrasted sharply with US practices. He taught and lectured widely in the US and Europe and held three appointments in the journalism department of Moscow State University, the first at a time when academic contacts between the US and the then - Soviet Union were rare and the last, when he was 81 years old, as the Soviet Union was collapsing. 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The Florida State College for Women (FSCW) Artist Series began in 1923. Dean Ella Opperman was the first person in charge of organizing the series. The series was intended to bring renowned artists to FSCW. After FSCW became Florida State University (FSU), the FSU School of Music managed the series. However, in 1974 the FSU Artist Series Committee assumed control. Because of financial difficulties in the early 1990s, the Artist Series was briefly discontinued. The series was then entitled the \"Community Concerts in Tallahassee\" and included organizations outside the University. By the 1996-1997 season the Community Concerts in Tallahassee name was changed to the Artist Series. Although this new artist series is not a direct organizational descendant of the earlier one it is its spiritual successor.

From the description of FSU Artist Series programs, 1922-1991 (inclusive) (bulk 1950-1980). (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 681930818

Florida State University started in 1851 as 2 seminaries and has changed its name at various times to: Seminary West of the Suwannee River, Florida State College, Florida Female College, Florida State College for Women, and in 1947 it became Florida State University and co-educational; by the 1980's FSU was recognized as a major research institute with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres including the main campus of 346 acres in Tallahassee, FL.

From the description of Experimental College, 1962-1964. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 40261803

The members of the General Faculty include the President, Vice-President, Deans, Professors and other instructional staff, and those members of the Professional Staff to whom the President assigns an academic rank. The General Faculty meets in regular session in the fall of each academic year to receive the annual report of the President, and in special session called by the President either on his or her own initiative or on resolution of the Faculty Senate, or on written request of at least ten percent (prior to 1958 this requirement was fifteen members) of the members of the General Faculty. The functions of the General Faculty are to formulate an opinion upon any subject of interest to the University and make recommendations to the appropriate body or officer for final consideration and to receive reports and announcements from officers of the University and from the Faculty Senate.

From the description of Florida State University general faculty records, 1938-1976 (inclusive). (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 680056887

Florida State first began playing football at Centennial Field during their inaugural 1947 season. The Doak S. Campbell Stadium opened on October 7, 1950, with a seating capacity of 15,000. In 1954, the stadium grew to a capacity of 19,000. Six thousand more seats were added in 1961. During Bill Peterson's era, it was expanded to 40,500 seats. Between 1978 and 1982 there were three more additions. By 2002, the limit had grown to 82,000 seats.

From the description of Campbell Stadium fund, 1950. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 50902929

Several Florida State University campus offices were responsible for the publication and distribution of the FSU Activities Calendars, which document campus student events. During the late 1950s, for example, the calendars were published by the FSU Division of Publications. From the late 1960s through the 1990s, they were published by the Student Union, the Student Activities Office, the Leisure Program Office, and the Office of Public Relations and Special Events. Over the years, the calendar title changed. In the 1950s, it was called \"Campus Calendar.\" From the 1960s until the late 20th Century, it became \"Activities Schedule,\" \"Garnet and Gold Guide,\" and finally \"Activities Calendar\".

From the description of Florida State University activities calendars, 1956-1976 (inclusive) (bulk 1965-1969). (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 701107376

The Faculty Professional Relations and Standards Committee served as a Florida State University faculty committee to address faculty welfare issues.

From the description of Faculty Professional Relations Committee papers, 1950-1973. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 50902992

According to Jim Jones in FSU One Time!, in 1947 Florida State University selected the Seminoles as a nickname for its football and other athletics teams. The Seminole Tribe of Florida, formed in 1957, has since become an integral part of Florida's culture and history. As this collection shows, in the past, the American Indian Movement and several American Indian tribes, such as the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, have protested the practice by many athletic teams of using Native American mascots. The Seminole Tribe of Florida, however, has approved the portrayal of Chief Osceola and Renegade as FSU's official mascot. FSU has always enjoyed a close relationship with the Seminole Tribe of Florida, as shown by its respect and admiration for the Seminole people.

From the description of Florida State University Seminole mascot files, 1949-2005 (inclusive) (bulk 1992-1995). (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 621039883

The Minutes of the Florida State University Planning Committee document a transition period for Florida State University. On May 15, 1947, the Florida State College for Women became a coeducational institution of university status, the Florida State University. The minutes reflect concerns resulting from this change. The inclusion of men students, growth of the student body, and change in status from a college to a university required appropriate and adequate housing, classroom space, and curricula for the University's current and future needs. The Planning Committee's work addressed these issues, establishing their priorities as the \"(1) Needs of the people of the state so far as higher education was concerned; (2) Cooperation with the University of Florida, Regional Education, etc.; (3) Desired functions of the University; and (4) Adequate financing\" (Minutes of April 9, 1948).

From the guide to the Florida State University Planning Committee Minutes, March 26, 1948 - March 28, 1949, (Florida State University Libraries)

In 1851 the Florida legislature established two seminaries. In 1857, Seminary West of the Suwannee River began offering post-secondary education to male students. It became coeducational the following year when it merged with Tallahassee Female Academy. In 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution.

In 1905 the University of Florida was established as a men's school and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name was changed to Florida State College for Women. In 1947 it returned to coeducational status and was renamed The Florida State University. Be the 1980's the University was recognized as a major research university with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres, including the main campus of 345 acres in Tallahassee.

From the description of University costs project - Eikman report 1954-1958. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 40261517

In 1851 the Florida legislature established two seminaries. In 1857 Seminary West of the Suwannee River began offering post-secondary education to male students. It became coeducational the following year when it merged with Tallahassee Female Academy. In 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution.

In 1905 the University of Florida was established as a men's school. and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name was changed to Florida State College for Women. In 1947 it returned to coeducational status and was renamed The Florida State University. By the 1980's the University was recognized as a major research university with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres, including the main campus of 345 acres in Tallahassee.

From the description of Florida State University (FSU) departments and schools list 1956-1964 (bulk 1957-1964). (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 40261523

The Florida State University, one of the largest and oldest of the nine institutions of higher learning in the State University System of Florida, had its beginning in 1851 when the Florida Legislature established two seminaries. In February 1857, the institution began offering postsecondary instruction to male students at the Seminar West of the Suwannee River. The following year it became coeducational when it merged with the Tallahasse Female Academy.

By 1897 the institution had evolved into the first liberal arts college in the state, and in 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution. In 1905 the University of Florida was established and designated a men's school, and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name of the college was changed to Florida State College for Women.

In 1947, the Florida State College for Women was returned to coeducational status and renamed The Florida State University. By the 1980s, the University was recognized as a major research institute with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres including the main campus of 346 acres in Tallahassee. (Taken from the Florida State University General Bulletin, 1995-1997).

From the description of Annual/biennial budgets, 1921-1955. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 50902846

In 1851 the Florida legislature established two seminaries. In 1857 Seminary West of the Suwannee River began offering post-secondary education to male students. It became coeducational the following year when it merged with Tallahassee Female Academy. In 1901 it became Florida State College.

In 1905 the University of Florida was established as a men's school and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name was changed to Florida State College for Women. In 1947 it returned to coeducational status and was renamed The Florida State University. By the 1980's the University was recognized as a major research university with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres, including the main campus of 345 acres in Tallahassee.

From the description of Florida State University (FSU) graduation 1952-1964 1952-1964. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 45225861

The Florida State University, one of the largest and oldest of the nine institutions of higher learning in the State University System of Florida, had its beginning in 1851 when the Florida Legislature established two seminaries. In February 1857, the institution began offering postsecondary instruction to male students at the Seminar West of the Suwannee River. The following year it became coeducational when it merged with the Tallahasse Female Academy.

By 1897 the institution had evolved into the first liberal arts college in the state, and in 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution. In 1905 the University of Florida was established and designated a men's school, and the Florida State College became a women's school calledthe Florida Female College. In 1909 the name of the college was changed to Florida State College for Women.

In 1947, the Florida State College for Women was returned to coeducational status and renamed The Florida State University. By the 1980s, the University was recognized as a major research institute with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres including the main campus of 346 acres in Tallahassee. (Taken from the Florida State University General Bulletin, 1995-1997).

From the description of Role and scope reports, 1939-1976. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 50682710

The Florida State University, one of the largest and oldest of the nine institutions of higher learning in the State University System of Florida, had its beginning in 1851 when the Florida Legislature established two seminaries. In February 1857, the institution began offering postsecondary instruction to male students at the Seminar West of the Suwannee River. The following year it became coeducational when it merged with the Tallahasse Female Academy.

By 1897 the institution had evolved into the first liberal arts college in the state, and in 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution. In 1905 the University of Florida was established and designated a men's school, and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name of the college was changed to Florida State College for Women.

In 1947, the Florida State College for Women was returned to coeducational status and renamed The Florida State University. By the 1980s, the University was recognized as a major research institute with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres including the main campus of 346 acres in Tallahassee. (Taken from the Florida State University General Bulletin, 1995-1997).

From the description of Homecoming files, 1948-1964. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 50680968

In 1851 the Florida legislature established two seminaries. In 1857 Seminary West of the Suwannee River began offering post-secondary education to male students. It became coeducational the following year when it merged with Tallahassee Female Academy. In 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution.

In 1905 the University of Florida was established as a men's school and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name was changed to Florida State College for Women. In 1947, due to the demand for education by returning veterans, it returned to coeducational status and was renamed The Florida State University.

From the description of Florida State University (FSU) building appraisals as of April, 1955 1934-1956 (bulk 1955). (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 40261532

In 1851 the Florida legislature established two seminaries. In 1857 Seminary West of the Suwannee River began offering post-secondary education to male students. It became coeducational the following year when it merged with Tallahassee Female Academy. In 1901 it became Florida State College, a four year institution.

In 1905 the University of Florida was established as a men's school, and the Florida State College became a women's school called the Florida Female College. In 1909 the name was changed to Florida State College for Women. In 1947 it returned to coeducational status and was renamed The Florida State University. By the 1980's the University was recognized as a major research university with over 370 buildings on nearly 1200 acres, including the main campus of 345 acres in Tallahassee.

From the description of Florida State University (FSU) faculty dead files 1937-1969. (Florida State University). WorldCat record id: 45223304", "altNames": [ "Florida State university" ], "subjects": [ "Speech--Study and teaching", "Libraries", "Student movements", "Gifted children--Education", "Physics--Study and teaching", "Football--History", "Restaurant management--Study and teaching", "Music camps--Photographs", "Renegade (Horse)", "Universities and colleges--Faculty--Archival resources", "Chemistry--Study and teaching", "Music--Instruction and study", "Nursing", "Education, Higher--Experimental methods--Archival resources", "School management and organization", "Electronic office machines", "4-H clubs", "Law enforcement", "Baked products industry", "Mathematics--Study and teaching", "Universities and colleges--Curricula", "Universities and colleges--Accounting", "School enrollment", "College costs--Archival resources", "Art festivals", "Educational counseling", "Psychiatric nursing--Photographs", "Law", "Universities and colleges", "Children of immigrants--Education", "Geology--Study and teaching", "Indians as mascots", "Military education", "Physical education and training", "Concert programs", "Criminology--Study and teaching", "Adult education", "Sociology--Study and teaching", "Greek letter societies", "Geography--Study and teaching", "Commencement ceremonies--Photographs", "School mascots", "Science--Exhibitions", "Hotel management--Study and teaching", "Universities and colleges--Departments--Archival resources", "Industrial management", "Economics--Study and teaching", "Cancer--Study and teaching", "Greek Americans--Study and teaching", "College theater", "Students--Mental health", "Education, Higher--Archival resources", "School lunchrooms, cafeterias, etc.--Management", "Student government", "Universities and colleges--Faculty--Salaries, etc", "Archaeology--Study and teaching", "Mental health", "Indians of North America--Social conditions--20th century", "Education, higher", "Biology--Study and teaching", "Anthropology--Study and teaching", "Parents' and teachers' associations--Photographs", "Questionnaire", "Languages, modern--Study and teaching", "Oceanography--Study and teaching", "Cheerleading--Photographs", "Fashion--Study and teaching", "Meteorology--Study and teaching", "Education, Higher--Aims and objectives--Archival resources", "Greek history", "Music teachers--Societies, etc", "Universities and colleges--Public relations", "Vocational education", "Football stadiums", "Science--Study and teaching", "Research", "Student activities", "Continuing education", "Mathematics--Study and teaching--Photographs", "Summer school", "Television in education", "Chief Osceola (Mascot)", "Coaching (Athletics)", "Coaches (Athletics)", "Philosophy--Study and teaching", "Florida State University Buildings", "College buildings--Archival resources", "Circus", "Insurance" ], "placeNames": [ "Florida--Tallahassee", "Education, Higer--Florida--Tallahassee", "Leon--12072", "Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood & Tampa Reservations", "Florida", "Postcards", "United States" ], "airtableId": "recgXy6Z8sXRtfA4g" }, "airtableId": "recDfJeQmHZyodI38" }, { "id": "wmed-television-station-calais-me", "name": "WMED (Television station : Calais, Me.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recDgXAcUBF7EyKb3" }, { "id": "lewis-john-wilson-1930-2017", "name": "Lewis, John Wilson, 1930-2017", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDgeBObEbwnEvAj" }, { "id": "henson-francis-a", "name": "Henson, Francis A.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDgj16JL2uW0SbQ" }, { "id": "fog-mogens-1904-1990", "name": "Fog, Mogens, 1904-1990", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDhfHauZhxV11IG" }, { "id": "bell-alice", "name": "Bell, Alice", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDi2AAkHlWi3D8g" }, { "id": "beethoven-ludwig-van-1770-1827", "name": "Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q255", "name": "Ludwig van Beethoven", "wikidataLabelDescription": "German composer", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven", "birthDate": "1770", "deathDate": "1827", "birthPlace": "Bonn", "deathPlace": "Vienna", "description": "Ludwig van Beethoven[n 1] (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression. Beethoven was born in Bonn. His musical talent was obvious at an early age. He was initially harshly and intensively taught by his father Johann van Beethoven. Beethoven was later taught by the composer and conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe, under whose tutelage he published his first work, a set of keyboard variations, in 1783. He found relief from a dysfunctional home life with the family of Helene von Breuning, whose children he loved, befriended, and taught piano. At age 21, he moved to Vienna, which subsequently became his base, and studied composition with Haydn. Beethoven then gained a reputation as a virtuoso pianist, and he was soon patronized by Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky for compositions, which resulted in his three Opus 1 piano trios (the earliest works to which he accorded an opus number) in 1795. ", "altNames": [ "Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827", "Бетховен, Людвиг Ван, 1770-1827", "Van Beethoven, Ludwig, 1770-1827", "Beethoven, Louis de 1770-1827", "Bītʹhūfin", "Bīthūfin, Lūdfīġ fān 1770-1827", "Betkhoven, Liudvig van", "Beethoven, Luigi ˜vanœ 1770-1827", "Beethoven, Ludvig van", "Betchoven, Ljudvig ˜vanœ 1770-1827", "Ludwig Van Beethoven", "Beethoven", "Ludwik van Beethoven", "Ludvig van Beethoven", "Louis van Beethoven", "L. van Betkhoven", "L. van Beethoven", "L. v. Beethoven", "L. Bethovenas" ], "occupation": [ "Composers", "composer" ], "fieldOfWork": [ "string quartet", "traditional folk song", "string trio", "chamber music", "symphony", "western classical music", "opera" ], "memberOf": [ "Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79107741" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/32182557" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79107741" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65v48hj", "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6fn14dt" ], "placeNames": [ "California--Berkeley", "Austria", "Germany", "New Jersey--Princeton", "Australia", "Missouri--Saint Louis" ], "airtableId": "rechMZlSKPkVxZYao" }, "airtableId": "recDiEYvIKQaMmF9k" }, { "id": "fredette-albert-p", "name": "Fredette, Albert P.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDiLiDHr3sA0vZX" }, { "id": "van-der-horst-anton", "name": "Van der Horst, Anton", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDkOVD9JOpTctWG" }, { "id": "baldwin-james-1924-1987", "name": "Baldwin, James, 1924-1987", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDkmC7adhknm1sK" }, { "id": "frazier-howard", "name": "Frazier, Howard", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDkw9QSyrwaJiZo" }, { "id": "smith-john-h-jr", "name": "Smith, John H. Jr.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDljA8pSnOHp8Bq" }, { "id": "klock-dorothy", "name": "Klock, Dorothy", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDmv8h1bi3ZuPxI" }, { "id": "national-opinion-research-center", "name": "National Opinion Research Center", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6974659", "name": "National Opinion Research Center", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NORC_at_the_University_of_Chicago", "inceptionDate": "December 31, 1940", "description": "NORC at the University of Chicago is one of the largest independent social research organizations in the United States. Established in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, its corporate headquarters is located in downtown Chicago, with offices in several other locations throughout the United States. Organized as an independent corporation, more than half its board comes from faculty and administration of the University of Chicago, it also jointly staffs some university academic research centers. The organization was founded by university faculty in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, under the direction of Harry H. Field (1897-1946). Field believed a public opinion research center should not attempt to make predictions or sell products, but should give voice to the ordinary people. \n\nIn 1947 Clyde W. Hart became director and moved the operation to the University of Chicago. Hart left an affiliated Opinion Research Center (ORC) at the University of Denver campus to continue studies from Denver. ORC discontinued in Sept. 1949 due to financial problems. \n\nSince its founding, NORC at the University of Chicago has conducted numerous social research projects involving opinion survey, panel survey, marketing research, and other data collection, for government agencies, nonprofit agencies, and corporations. ", "altNames": [ "norc.uchicago.edu" ], "memberOf": [ "Consortium of Social Science Associations" ], "website": [ "http://www.norc.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79120282" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/130871519" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79120282" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6ms80dr" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "public-opinion", "title": "Public opinion" } ], "airtableId": "rec7qGLcXruBsVRHa" }, "snac": { "snacId": "25043878", "description": "

National Opinion Research Center (NORC), a nonprofit corporation that provides the public with a voice in matters of national concern, was founded in 1941 under the direction of Harry H. Field (1897-1946) and was affiliated with the University of Denver, Denver, Colo. Field believed a public opinion research center should not attempt to make predictions or sell products but should give voice to the ordinary people. In 1947 Clyde W. Hart became director and moved the operation to the University of Chicago. Hart left an affiliated Opinion Research Center (ORC) at the University of Denver campus to continue studies from Denver. ORC discontinued in Sept. 1949 due to financial problems.

From the description of National Opinion Research Center records. 1942-1980. (University of Denver, Penrose Library). WorldCat record id: 49628331", "altNames": [ "National Opinion Research Center" ], "subjects": [ "World War, 1939-1945--Public opinion", "Public opinion polls", "Public opinion", "Social surveys" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "rec72XjoArIFSL9Gu" }, "airtableId": "recDnSuwLGf7UhUI4" }, { "id": "miami-university-oxford-ohio", "name": "Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q590643", "name": "Miami University", "wikidataLabelDescription": "public research university located in Oxford, Ohio, United States", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_University", "inceptionDate": "1809", "description": "Miami University (informally Miami of Ohio or simply Miami) is a public research university in Oxford, Ohio. The university was founded in 1809, making it the second-oldest university in Ohio (behind Ohio University, founded in 1804) and the 10th oldest public university (32nd overall) in the United States. The school's system comprises the main campus in Oxford, as well as regional campuses in nearby Hamilton, Middletown, and West Chester. Miami also maintains an international boarding campus, the Dolibois European Center in Differdange, Luxembourg. It is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity\". Miami University provides a liberal arts education; it offers more than 120 undergraduate degree programs and over 60 graduate degree programs within its 8 schools and colleges in architecture, business, engineering, humanities and the sciences. In its 2021 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university 103rd among universities in the United States, as well as 46th nationally among public universities. Miami University is also ranked as having the 25th-best undergraduate teaching nationally. Miami was one of the original eight Public Ivy schools, a group of publicly funded universities considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/miami-university-oxford-ohio.png", "altNames": [ "Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)", "University Oxford, Ohio", "University", "Ohio. Miami University", "Miami-Ohio", "Miami of Ohio", "Miami (OH)", "Miami" ], "memberOf": [ "Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition" ], "website": [ "http://www.miamioh.edu" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50060936" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/123789731" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50060936" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cv87s3" ], "placeNames": [ "United States of America" ], "airtableId": "recoYOKkxjTFUSadU" }, "snac": { "snacId": "780616", "description": "

Miami University, a student centered public university was chartered in 1809 and opened its doors to students in 1823. Named after the Miami Indians who once resided in Ohio, Miami is one of the oldest public institutions in the country. The Miami University Board of Trustees has existed since the schools founding. As the schools governing body, the Board of Trustees is regulated to direct the organization in the actions necessary for the university's successful and continuous operation. The University Presidents, Deans and other officers report annually on the activities of their divisions, departments and campuses. These reports document chronicle the business and academic decisions related to the Miami University Board of Trustees.

From the guide to the Annual Reports to the Board of Trustees of Miami University, 1809-2011, 1904-1972, (Miami University)

C. K. Williamson served as Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost from 1982-1985 at Miami University. He also held the following positions, Dean of the College of Arts and Science, Chairman of the Department of Microbiology, Associate Professor of Microbiology and Assistant Professor of Microbiology. Before his arrival at Miami, Williamson worked at the University of Pittsburgh as an Instructor of Bacteriology. He received his Ph.D., Master of Science and Bachelor of Science degrees from the University of Pittsburgh.

From the guide to the C. K. Williamson Office Files, 1983-1985, 1982-1985, (Miami University)

The office of Affirmative Action and Human Resource Development was established in 1972 during the administration of President Phillip R. Shriver. The purpose of the office is to comply with federal and state equal employment opportunity laws and regulations. The office now known as the Office of Equity and Equal Opportunity is committed to providing an educational work environment that is free from discrimination on the basis of sex, pregnancy, race, color, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, military status, or veteran status.

From the guide to the Miami University Affirmative Action and Human Resource Development Collection, 1971-1996, 1978-1991, (Miami University)

Fred E. Carlisle received his Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1963. From 1979-1981, he served as chair of the Department of English at Michigan State University, and, from 1981-1985, he was assistant to the president at Michigan State. In 1985, he was appointed provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at Miami University a position he held until moving to the University of Virginia to become the William E. Lavery Professor and Senior Vice President and Provost.

From the guide to the Fred E. Carlisle, 1983-1987, 1982-1987, (Miami University)

Miami was founded in 1809. The collection documents the history of the buildings on Miami University's campuses.

Miami University Archives

Miami University Buildings

Buildings File Container Lists

Buildings File Plans

From the guide to the Miami University Buildings Files, 1809-2011, 1809-2011, (Miami University)", "altNames": [ "Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)" ], "subjects": [ "Archives--Ohio", "Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) Students", "Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) Employees", "Speeches, addresses, etc", "Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) Faculty" ], "airtableId": "rec6oGN062h4XGKDN" }, "airtableId": "recDnTVnnCxsfLlnZ" }, { "id": "wcat-radio-station-rapid-city-sd", "name": "WCAT (Radio station : Rapid City, S.D.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q108062317", "name": "WCAT", "wikidataLabelDescription": "former radio station at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology", "description": "WCAT was the first campus radio station at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in Rapid City, South Dakota. It first broadcast in September 1922. The AM station was founded by students from the Electrical Engineering department. The station was licensed to broadcast at a wavelength of 485 meters at a power of 750 watts. Later, the station operated on 1200 kilohertz at a power of 100 watts. The station's call-letters, WCAT, were an abbreviation for \"Wildcat Radio.\" Originally, the studios were located in the basement of the Administration building. In 1928, the studios were moved to the third floor of the Prep Building. During the time that WCAT was on the air, the AM station's programming ranged from news to sports and music. In 1952, WCAT was forced to leave the airwaves as a result of pressure from a commercial radio station.", "placeNames": [ "South Dakota--Rapid City", "South Dakota" ], "airtableId": "recD4gSB1Te38qhj8" }, "snac": { "snacId": "87810270", "description": "

WCAT was the first campus radio station at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in Rapid City, South Dakota. It first broadcast in September 1922. The AM station was founded by students from the Electrical Engineering department. The station was licensed to broadcast at a wavelength of 485 meters at a power of 750 watts. Later, the station operated on 1200 kilohertz at a power of 100 watts. The station's call-letters, WCAT, were an abbreviation for \"Wildcat Radio.\" Originally, the studios were located in the basement of the Administration building. In 1928, the studios were moved to the third floor of the Prep Building. During the time that WCAT was on the air, the AM station's programming ranged from news to sports and music. In 1952, WCAT was forced to leave the airwaves as a result of pressure from a commercial radio station.

From the combined records of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), held by the University of Maryland and the Wisconsin Historical Society, and compiled as part of the Unlocking the Airwaves project (unlockingtheairwaves.org).", "subjects": [ "Educational broadcasting", "Public broadcasting", "Public radio", "Radio broadcasting" ], "placeNames": [ "Rapid City (S.D.)", "South Dakota" ], "associatedWith": [ "South Dakota State School of Mines" ], "sameAs": [ "Q7947604" ], "airtableId": "rectQK7fdFpV7sVAo" }, "airtableId": "recDolp9CjVJiWDSy" }, { "id": "bugg-k-winston", "name": "Bugg, K. 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The DSO performed the first concert of its first subscription season at 8:00 p.m. on Monday, Dec. 19, 1887 at the Detroit Opera House. The conductor was Rudolph Speil. He was succeeded in subsequent seasons by a variety of conductors until 1900 when Hugo Kalsow was appointed and served until the orchestra ceased operations in 1910. The Detroit Symphony resumed operations in 1914 when ten Detroit society women each contributed $100 to the organization and pledged to find 100 additional subscribers. They soon hired a music director, Weston Gales, a 27-year-old church organist from Boston, who led the first performance of the reconstituted orchestra on February 26, 1914, again at the old Detroit Opera House. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/detroit-symphony-orchestra.jpg", "altNames": [ "Detroit symphony orchestra", "Orchestre symphonique de Détroit", "Orquesta Sinfónica de Detroit", "Orquesta Sinfónica de Detroit", "Detroit Symphony", "DSO", "Orchestre symphonique de Detroit.", "Symphony Orchestra", "DSO Abkuerzung" ], "website": [ "http://www.dso.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83029030" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/138514837" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n83029030" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wm6458" ], "placeNames": [ "Michigan--Detroit" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "symphony-orchestras", "title": "Symphony orchestras" } ], "airtableId": "recwNKAlBxldxYLgC" }, "snac": { "snacId": "15121295", "altNames": [ "Detroit symphony orchestra" ], "subjects": [ "Musicians", "Symphony orchestras" ], "placeNames": [ "Detroit (Mich.)" ], "airtableId": "recuVZQq2wal4U69P" }, "airtableId": "recDrQzihnotZ7VZa" }, { "id": "wpln", "name": "WPLN", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7954365", "name": "WPLN-FM", "wikidataLabelDescription": "public radio station in Nashville", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPLN-FM", "description": "WPLN-FM (90.3 FM), is a National Public Radio-affiliated station in Nashville, Tennessee. Since June 2011, the station has employed exclusively a news and talk format; until then, the station carried at least some classical music. The station maintains studios on Mainstream Drive north of downtown Nashville, studios that some consider among the finest radio production facilities in the U.S. Nashville Public Radio offers five program streams: WPLN (AM); WPLN-FM; HD-2 and HD-3, which are multicasts from the main FM channel; and WNXP (see below). All five are also streamed on the radio station's website. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wpln.png", "website": [ "http://www.wpln.org/" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68x4669" ], "placeNames": [ "Nashville", "Tennessee", "United States of America" ], "airtableId": "recWOWOkrwj8sQ6jP" }, "airtableId": "recDrsJOM5wZfcot9" }, { "id": "brietenfeld-frederick-jr", "name": "Brietenfeld, Frederick, Jr.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recDt6pd2h9NxhoP3" }, { "id": "national-committee-on-education-by-radio", "name": "National Committee on Education by Radio", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107621643", "name": "National Committee on Education by Radio", "wikidataLabelDescription": "committee concerning educational radio", "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2006078269" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/129374539" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sj5bgs" ], "airtableId": "recHP0QZvy8nC5MXQ" }, "snac": { "snacId": "3770619", "description": "

The National Committee on Education by Radio, or NCER, was formed in 1930 to support the continued existence of nonprofit educational radio. Its organizational members included the National Association of State Universities, the National Catholic Education Association, the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, the National University Extension Association, the National Education Association, the Jesuit Educational Association, the National Council of State Superintendents, the National Association of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, and the American Council on Education. The committee's individual members included Arthur G. Crane, chair, H.B. McCarty, Charles A. Robinson, S.J. Agnes Samuelson, Willis A. Sutton, and George F. Zook. In 1936, it published \"Educational Radio Stations: A Pictorial Review\".

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African American historian and educator; died 1982.

From the description of Papers, 1925-1982. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 34576583

African-American historian, administrator, author, civil rights activist, and Howard University faculty member; d. 1982.

From the description of Papers, ca. 1917-ca. 1980. (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 70939793

Educator, scholar, author, civil rights activist, and fraternity leader, of Washington, D.C.; d. 1982.

From the description of Papers, 1916-1982. (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 70953382

Historian and educator; died 1982.

From the description of Rayford Whittingham Logan papers, 1925-1982. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 75382937

American historian and educator Rayford W. Logan was a professor of history at Howard University, Washington, D.C. (1938-1969, and 1971-1974), as well as Distinguished Professor Emeritus from 1974 to 1982, and Historian of the University.

Shortly before his death Logan completed, with the assistance of co-editor Michael R. Winston, the massive Dictionary of American Negro Biography, which included people from all walks of life who were chosen for their historical significance.

Active in the Civil Rights Movement through out his life, Rayford Logan received the Springarn Medal from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1980.

Born on January 07, 1897 in Washington, D.C., Rayford W. Logan died on November 4, 1982.

Educator, librarian, and author Pauline A. Young was an active civil rights leader in Delaware. Born on September 17, 1900, in West Medford, Massachusetts, Young taught history and Latin at Howard High School, in Wilmington, Delaware for thirty years. She was also the author of the first comprehensive state history of blacks, The Negro in Delaware: Past and Present , published in 1947. As an activist for education and civil rights, Young served as president of the Delaware Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, as well as the chair of the state NAACP Education Committee. Recognized by numerous national and local organizations for her lifetime of contributions, Pauline Young was inducted into the Hall of Fame of Delaware Women in 1982. Pauline Young died on June 26, 1991.

\"Rayford Whittingham Logan.\" Contemporary Authors Online. (reproduced in Gale Biography In Context). http://ic.galegroup.com (accessed August 2011). \"Pauline A. Young.\" University of Delaware Library Pauline A. Young Residency Biographical Note. http://www2.lib.udel.edu/personnel/residency/youngbio (accessed August 2011).

From the guide to the Rayford W. Logan letter to Pauline Young, 1969 June 11, (University of Delaware Library - Special Collections)

Biographical Note

1897, Jan. 7Born, Washington, D. C.1917B.A., Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.19171919United States Army, stationed in France19191924Resided in France1921Secretary, Second Pan-African Congress, Paris, France19211924Deputy secretary, Pan-African Association, Paris, France1923Secretary, Third Pan-African Congress, London, England, and Lisbon, Portugal19251930Professor, Virginia Union University, Richmond, Va.1927Married Ruth Robinson (deceased 1966)1929A.M., Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.1932A.M., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.19321933Assistant to editor, Journal of Negro History19331938Professor, Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.1936Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.19381965Professor, Howard University, Washington, D. C.19401945Chair, Committee on the Participation of Negroes in National Defense1941Awarded National Order of Honor and Merit by Republic of HaitiPublished The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press19411943Member, Advisory Committee of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs1942Published The Operation of the Mandate System in Africa, 1919-1927. Washington: Foundation Publishers1945Correspondent, Pittsburgh Courier, at United Nations founding conference, San Francisco, Calif.Published The Negro and the Post-War World: A Primer. Washington: Minorities Publishers; and The Senate and the Versailles Mandate System. Washington: Minorities Publishers19451948Foreign affairs editor, Pittsburgh Courier19471950Member, United States National Commission to Unesco1949Published The African Mandates inWorld Politics. Washington: Public Affairs Press19501951Director, Association for the Study of Negro Life and HistoryEditor, Journal of Negro History and Negro History Bulletin19511952Represented NAACP at Sixth General Assembly of the United Nations, Paris, FranceFulbright research fellow, Paris, France1953State Department-sponsored studies, West Africa1954Published The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901. New York: The Dial Press1957Published The Negro in the United States: A Brief History. Princeton: D. Van Nostrand1962Published Breve Storia dei Negri d'America. Rome: Opere Nuove1964Published History of the Negro in the United States. Calcutta: United States Information Service1965Honorary L.H.D., Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.Published The Betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson. New York: Collier MacMillan19651969Historian, Howard University, Washington, D. C.1967Published with Irving S. Cohen The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co.; and with Philip Sterling Four Took Freedom: the Lives of Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Robert Smalls, and Blanche Bruce. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday1968Published Haiti and the Dominican Republic. London and New York: Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs1969Published Howard University: The First Hundred Years, 1867-1967. New York: New York University Press1970Published The Negro in the United States, Volume I: From Slavery to Second Class Citizenship, 1619-1945. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.1971Distinguished visiting professor of history, University of Utah, Provo, UtahPublished with Michael R. Winston The Negro in the United States, Volume II: Ordeal of Democracy, 1945-1970. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co19711974Professor, Howard University, Washington, D. C.1972L.L.D., Howard University, Washington, D. C.1982Published with Michael R. Winston Dictionary of American Negro Biography. New York: Norton1982, Nov. 5Died, Washington, D. 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Michigan was among the first schools in the nation to formally incorporate instruction in the field of speech into its curriculum. The subject's inclusion was largely the result of Thomas C. Trueblood's work. In the later nineteenth century, Trueblood made his living traveling from university to university offering short courses in speech. He first came to Ann Arbor in 1884 and his six week course was so popular with students that he began to return for longer and longer residences. Finally, in 1889 he became a permanent faculty member of the University of Michigan. In 1892 the Department of Elocution and Oratory was created, with Trueblood as its sole member. Trueblood remained chair of the department until 1926.

Over the years the department's formal title changed frequently, reflecting the broad area of instruction that fell under its mantle. The original name was simplified to the Department of Oratory in 1908. Subsequent titles included Department of Public Speaking (1919-1927); Department of Speech (1927-1932); Department of Speech, Phonetics, and General Linguistics (1932); Department of Speech and General Linguistics (1932-1939); Department of Speech (1939-1972); and Department of Speech Communication and Theater (1972-1979). In 1979, as part of a major reorganization of several units, the Department of Speech Communication and Theater was formally eliminated. Elements of the department's program were relocated in two new units; the Department of Theatre and Drama and the Department of Communication.

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Political scientist, educator, and author. Born in Germany, emigrated to the United States in 1937.

From the description of Hans J. Morgenthau papers, 1858-1981 (bulk 1925-1981). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70983006

Biographical Note

1904, Feb. 17Born, Coburg, Germany19231927Student, University of Berlin, University of Frankfurt, and University of Munich, Germany1927Passed first law examination, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, and admitted to the bar19271930Practiced law19281930Assistant to Hugo Sinzheimer, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany1929Awarded Juris Utriusque Doctor, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyPublished Die internationale Rechtspflege, ihr Wesen und ihre Grenzen. Leipzig: Universitätsverlag von Robert Noske19311933Acting president, labor law court, Frankfurt, Germany1932Postgraduate study, Graduate Institute for International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland19321935Instructor in German public law, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland1933Published La notion du \"politique\" et la théorie des différends internationaux. Paris: Librairie du Recueil1934Published La réalité des normes, en particulier des normes du droit international. Paris: Librarie Félix Allcan1935Married Irma Thormann19351936Taught international law at the Institute of International and Economic Studies, Madrid, Spain1937Immigrated to the United States19371939Instructor, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, N.Y.19391943Assistant professor, law, history, and political science, University of Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo.1943Naturalized as U.S. citizenAdmitted to the Missouri bar19431971Professor of political science and modern history, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.1946Published Scientific Man vs. Power Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press1948Published Politics Among Nations. New York, Knopf19491951Consultant, State Department1950Published with Kenneth W. Thompson, Principles and Problems of International Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf19501968Director, Center for the Study of American Foreign Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.1951Published In Defense of the National Interest. New York, Knopf1958Published Dilemmas of Politics. Chicago, University of Chicago Press1960Published The Purpose of American Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.19611965Consultant, Defense Department1962Published Politics in the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3 vols.19681974Leonard Davis Distinguished Professor, City College, City University of New York, New York, N.Y.1969Published A New Foreign Policy for the United States. New York: F. A. Praeger.1970Published Truth and Power. New York: F. A. Praeger1974Appointed University Professor, New School for Social Research, New York, N.Y.1980, July 19Died, New York, N.Y.From the guide to the Hans J. Morgenthau Papers, 1858-1981, (bulk 1925-1981), (Manuscript Division Library of Congress)

German-born American political scientist, historian, and a leading analyst of the role of power in international politics. Born February 17, 1904, in Coburg (Germany), died July 19, 1980, New York, NY (USA)

Educated at the universities of Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munich, Morgenthau trained as a passed to bar and practiced in Munich from 1927 to 1930, when he became a teaching assistant at the University of Frankfurt. From 1931 to 1933 he served as acting president of the Frankfurt labor court. In 1932, he went also to Geneva to teach public law for a year, but because of Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany in 1933, he stayed on until 1935. In 1935/36, he taught in Madrid, where he was professor of international law at the Madrid Institute of International and Economic Studies. Morgenthau immigrated to the United States in 1937 (naturalized 1943).

He served on the faculties of Brooklyn College (1937-39), the University of Kansas City (1939-43), and from 1943 to 1971 taught international politics at the University of Chicago. In 1950 he became the director of the Center for Study of American Foreign and Military Policy. From 1968 to 1974 he was professor of political science at the City College of New York. Furthermore Morgenthau taught at the New School for Social Research from 1974 to 1980 and also served as consultant to the U.S. Department of State and Defense, as well as commentator on U.S. current affairs.

Morgenthau was a predominant figure in the post-World War II effort to refocus the study of international relations on the observed regularities of human conduct, rather than the idealistic pursuit of abstract norms. This political realism gained wide influence with the publication of his Scientific Man vs. Power Politics (1947) and especially Politics among Nations (1949), a highly regarded study that presented a modern realist approach to international politics, which became the leading text in field. Central to Morgenthau's theory was the concept of power as the dominant goal in international politics and the definition of national interest in terms of power. He called for recognition of the nature and limits of power and for the use of traditional methods of diplomacy, including compromise.

A contributor to numerous scholarly periodicals and journals of opinion, Morgenthau was also the author of In Defense of the National Interest (1951), Dilemmas of Politics (1958), The Purpose of American Politics (1960), Politics in the Twentieth Century, 3 vol. (1962), and Truth and Power (1970). Many of Morgenthau's writings were translated into foreign languages.

Hans Morgenthau was married to Irma Morgenthau (neé Thormann). Their son Matthew was born in 1942, when Hans Morgenthau was 38 years old. In 1944, a daughter Susanna was born.

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American author.

From the description of Letter to Walter Prichard Eaton, Sheffield, Massachusetts [manuscript], 1943 June 6. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647817380

Betty Smith (1896-1972), novelist and playwright of Brooklyn, N.Y., Ann Arbor, Mich., and Chapel Hill, N.C.; author of \"A tree grows in Brooklyn\" (1943); \"Tomorrow will be better\" (1948), \"Maggie-now\" (1958), and \"Joy in the morning\" (1963). She was married successively to George H. E. Smith, Joseph P. Jones, and Robert V. Finch.

From the description of Betty Smith papers, 1909-1971 [manuscript]. WorldCat record id: 26380343

Elisabeth Wehner, professionally known as Betty Smith, was born in Brooklyn, N.Y., on 15 December 1896, to the children of German immigrants. She never completed high school and moved to Ann Arbor, Mich., when she married George H. E. Smith of Brooklyn, a senior law student at the University of Michigan. While in Ann Arbor, she was permitted to attend the University as a special student without being a candidate for a degree; she took classes in journalism, drama, writing, and literature. Smith won the Avery Hopw00d Award for work in drama and continued her studies at the Yale Drama School with Professor Baker as one of Baker's Dozen, thirteen students chosen to study play writing. Smith completed the three-year course, but was not awarded an M.F.A. since she held no other degrees.

Smith moved to New York with her two daughters, Nancy and Mary, in 1934 and worked for the Federal Theater, set up during the Depression by the W.P.A., which relocated her to Chapel Hill in 1936.

Smith and her first husband divorced in 1938. She was married to Joe Jones, a writer, journalist, and associate editor of the Chapel Hill Weekly, from 1943 to 1951. Smith was active in the theatrical community of Chapel Hill for many years, writing and helping with stage productions. She received both the Rockefeller Fellowship and the Dramatist Guild Fellowship for writing and wrote numerous plays before publishing her first novel, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, in 1943. Smith's other novels include Tomorrow Will be Better (1947), Maggie-Now (1958), and Joy in the Morning (1963).

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The committee was founded by Allen Dulles, later to be Director of Central Intelligence, in conjunction with Dewitt Clinton Poole. Early board members included Dwight Eisenhower, Lucius D. Clay, Cecil B. DeMille, Henry Luce, Mark Ethridge, Charles Phelps Taft II and DeWitt Wallace. From 1951 to 1952, Charles Douglas Jackson served as its president. The organization created and oversaw the anti-communist broadcast service Radio Free Europe. CIA subsidies to the Free Europe Committee ended in 1971 which caused restructuring to its operations. ", "altNames": [ "Free Europe Committee" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/144872673" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6963h3c" ], "airtableId": "recLQrxrBpfxk6JkI" }, "snac": { "snacId": "73246723", "description": "

The National Committee for a Free Europe was an anti-communist organization, founded on March 17, 1949 in New York. The committee was founded by Allen Dulles, of the Central Intelligence Agency. The organization created and oversaw the broadcast service Radio Free Europe.

From the guide to the National Committee for a Free Europe, Records, 1951-1955", "altNames": [ "National Committee for a Free Europe (U.S.)" ], "subjects": [ "Czechoslovakia--Communist Party" ], "airtableId": "recUyiE42gVK2rmMJ" }, "airtableId": "recFm1PQ26kCMmRPM" }, { "id": "kannowski-paul-b", "name": "Kannowski, Paul B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recFmXZ6Ym5iJhejE" }, { "id": "benko_-dixieland-band", "name": "Benko_ Dixieland Band", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q518136", "name": "Benkó Dixieland Band", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Hungarian jazz band", "altNames": [ "Benko Dixieland Band", "Benkó Dixiland Band" ], "website": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Benk%C3%B3-Dixieland-Band-Official-403310920378513/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n87941601" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/264571477" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n87941601" ], "airtableId": "recBxm9xKdZatEgc0" }, "airtableId": "recFmt7UBRw9SLOxW" }, { "id": "university-association-for-professional-radio-education", "name": "University Association for Professional Radio Education", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recFnBvJhtrCmCa9g" }, { "id": "erbe-norman-a", "name": "Erbe, Norman A.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recFnPnkpW2BtvflT" }, { "id": "olivetti-adriano", "name": "Olivetti, Adriano", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recFoPoFfPonNKCdK" }, { "id": "american-women-in-radio-television-inc", "name": "American Women in Radio & Television, Inc.", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q28134861", "name": "Alliance for Women in Media", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Women_in_Media", "inceptionDate": "1951-01-01T00:00:00Z", "altNames": [ "American Women in Radio and Television Inc." ], "website": [ "https://allwomeninmedia.org/" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/140847373" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n89655488" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67q9ps7" ], "placeNames": [ "McLean" ], "airtableId": "recPlKV0GEsOa6Ljm" }, "snac": { "snacId": "26523237", "description": "

The organization American Women in Radio and Television (AWRT) was formed in 1951 as a response to the National Association of Broadcasters's (NAB) decision to dissolve its women's division, the Association of Women Broadcasters. Edythe Meserand would serve as AWRT's first president.

With a stated mission to \"advance the impact of women in the electronic media and allied fields by educating, advocating, and acting as a resource to our members and the industry,\" AWRT, as of 2004, has over 30 regional chapters throughout the country and a national membership of over 2,000.

Along with serving as an advocate for women in the broadcasting and cable industries, AWRT also provides job information services, professional development programs and works to provide networking opportunities for its members.

Since 1953, AWRT has staged a yearly national convention consisting of workshops, panel discussions and other events for its members. The AWRT has also over the years administered various awards including for may years the Silver Satellite Award for career achievement. Previous recipients have included Betty White, Marlo Thomas, Bob Hope, Marlene Sanders, and Mary Tyler Moore, among others.

In 1960, AWRT formed its Educational Foundation, the first broadcasting organization to ever do so. The Foundation sponsors educational programs, charitable activities, and scholarships. Its stated purpose is to \"Use the media to create change through charitable, educational, and literary initiatives.\" Since 1975, the Foundation has presented its annual Gracie Allen Awards. The \"Gracies\" were created to recognize \"positive and realistic portrayal of women in entertainment, commercials, news, features and other programs.\"

American Women in Radio and Television's headquarters is located in McLean, Virginia.

From the guide to the American Women in Radio and Television (AWRT) records, 1947-1999 and undated, 1958-1970, (University of Maryland Libraries)", "altNames": [ "American Women in Radio and Television Inc." ], "subjects": [ "Women broadcasters--Archives", "Women in the broadcasting industry--History--Sources" ], "placeNames": [ "McLean" ], "airtableId": "rec2DaDIC3ERzgTmh" }, "airtableId": "recFoRqtskZLyc9DN" }, { "id": "wmeb-radiotelevision-station-orono-me", "name": "WMEB (Radio/television station : Orono, Me.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q14715364", "name": "WMEB-FM", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio station in Orono, Maine", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMEB-FM", "inceptionDate": "1964-01-01T00:00:00Z", "altNames": [ "WMEB-FM (Radio station : Orono, Me.)" ], "ownedBy": [ "University of Maine" ], "website": [ "http://www.wmeb.fm/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n99270408" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/138561237" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n99270408" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60w6dg9" ], "placeNames": [ "Orono", "Maine" ], "airtableId": "recDKE4OalAjOOgLp" }, "snac": { "snacId": "3941338", "altNames": [ "WMEB-FM (Radio station : Orono, Me.)" ], "airtableId": "recDqaVFSdlwzNprG" }, "airtableId": "recFp3c7DZZprcQEs" }, { "id": "hersch-joseph-b", "name": "Hersch, Joseph B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recFpM2prCpmNcLqN" }, { "id": "petersen-james", "name": "Petersen, James", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recFppyNrIeqcGFJz" }, { "id": "mcclellan-john-l", "name": "McClellan, John L.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1372619", "name": "John L. McClellan", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician, Arkansas (1896-1977)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._McClellan", "birthDate": "1896-02-25T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1977-11-28T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Sheridan", "deathPlace": "Little Rock", "description": "John Little McClellan (February 25, 1896 – November 28, 1977) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Representative (1935–1939) and a U.S. Senator (1943–1977) from Arkansas. At the time of his death, he was the second most senior member of the Senate and chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. He is the longest-serving senator in Arkansas history. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/mcclellan-john-l.jpg", "altNames": [ "John Little McClellan" ], "occupation": [ "politician", "lawyer" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n87870874" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/6459765" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n87870874" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573049" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bk1k8s" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Arkansas" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "world-war-1914-1918", "title": "World War, 1914-1918" } ], "airtableId": "recv8efRUuQ3A53Z0" }, "snac": { "snacId": "70422367", "description": "

John Little McClellan, Representative and Senator from Arkansas; born in Sheridan, Grant County, Ark., February 25, 1896; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1913, when he was seventeen; commenced practice in Sheridan, Ark.; served in the United States Army as a first lieutenant in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps 1917-1919; moved to Malvern, Ark. in 1919 and continued the practice of law; prosecuting attorney of the seventh judicial district of Arkansas 1927-1930; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fourth Congress; reelected to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1935-January 3, 1939); was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1938; resumed the practice of law in Camden, Ark.; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1942; reelected in 1948, 1954, 1960, 1966 and 1972 and served from January 3, 1943, until his death; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments (Eighty-first and Eighty-second Congresses); Committee on Government Operations (Eighty-fourth through Ninety-second Congresses), Select Committee on Labor Management Relations (Eighty-fifth and Eighty-sixth Congresses), Committee on Appropriations (Ninety-second through Ninety-fifth Congresses); died in Little Rock, Ark., November 28, 1977; interment in Roselawn Memorial Park.

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The institution's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York. After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church. 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Syracuse University was involved with the Chautauqua Institution in providing a program of continuing education during the summer in undergraduate as well as graduate fields.

From the description of University College, Chautauqua Center records, 1953-1969. 1953-1969. (Syracuse University). WorldCat record id: 122528964

[pending]

From the guide to the New York State Publishing and Printing Collection, circa 1800-1950, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries)", "altNames": [ "Syracuse university" ], "subjects": [ "Letters", "Adult education", "Real property", "Printing--History--New York (State)", "Television comedies--United States", "Printing industry--New York (State)", "Women--Education", "Popular culture--United States", "Radio, television, film", "Popular culture", "Universities and colleges--Evaluation", "Printers--New York (State)", "Student activities", "Printing--New York (State)--Specimens", "Deeds", "Women--Sports", "Television producers and directors--United States--Interviews", "Education", "Television--United States", "Psychology", "Ethnology Archaeology Anthropology" ], "placeNames": [ "Syracuse (N.Y.)", "New York (State)" ], "occupations": [ "Printer" ], "airtableId": "recA9xSp9jI8PAiK7" }, "airtableId": "recG8QFRFyTpOyUYO" }, { "id": "bittner-ws", "name": "Bittner, W.S.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recG8rQ15yptbraN2" }, { "id": "clark-william", "name": "Clark, William", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recG90FU9kgbmg1Lu" }, { "id": "harriman-pamela-digby-churchill-hayward-1920-1997", "name": "Harriman, Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward, 1920-1997", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGCTBj7GD84OXrb" }, { "id": "cowlin-bert", "name": "Cowlin, Bert", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGCnLg4oloAS9qm" }, { "id": "simmons-norman-1929", "name": "Simmons, Norman, 1929-", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGCpFbJuu2zNKbB" }, { "id": "shaw-artie-1910-2004", "name": "Shaw, Artie, 1910-2004", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGDYkRZLyetsT15" }, { "id": "partridge-david-e", "name": "Partridge, David E.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGEMHH3oYqAoSnj" }, { "id": "bowles-chester-1901-1986", "name": "Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGEZULSIz8QqXf1" }, { "id": "zellers-charles-n", "name": "Zellers, Charles N.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGF2G0qQDepVRVJ" }, { "id": "canadian-dx-relay", "name": "Canadian DX Relay", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recGH3JOkkm7trSfB" }, { "id": "high-fidelity-trade-news", "name": "High Fidelity Trade News", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recGHNYJ5H8LdlNA6" }, { "id": "koed-television-station-tulsa-okla", "name": "KOED (Television station : Tulsa, Okla.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recGHZ2WFYQLp21NU" }, { "id": "rivers-mavis", "name": "Rivers, Mavis", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGHwfpJVjAvIbVk" }, { "id": "green-w-stuart", "name": "Green, W. Stuart", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGK5WLMFKN8DMas" }, { "id": "catledge-turner", "name": "Catledge, Turner", "airtableId": "recGKTrDUEbRiO9bv" }, { "id": "hite-h", "name": "Hite, H.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGKpG8yTpL3AsQl" }, { "id": "eden-tom", "name": "Eden, Tom", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGKqclFtft9PTV6" }, { "id": "riordan-scott", "name": "Riordan, Scott", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGLDUKddzyjrMkQ" }, { "id": "carlson-elizabeth", "name": "Carlson, Elizabeth", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGLDegf4QQ0vqaN" }, { "id": "lynford-velma", "name": "Lynford, Velma", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGLK9QKLUqQv51R" }, { "id": "anderson-barbara", "name": "Anderson, Barbara", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recGLbWzT1ikRshL1" }, { "id": "national-advisory-council-on-radio-in-education", "name": "National Advisory Council on Radio in Education", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107621622", "name": "National Advisory Council on Radio in Education", "wikidataLabelDescription": "organization formed to promote radio as an educational medium", "description": "The National Advisory Council on Radio in Education, Inc. (NACRE) was an organization formed in 1929 to promote radio as an educational medium.Levering Tyson was director from 1930 to 1937. -- From the description of National Advisory Council on Radio in Education records, 1929-1941. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122598122\n\n", "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/262712178" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sb9txv" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "adult-education", "title": "Adult education" } ], "airtableId": "rec3sarByFEFhycbS" }, "snac": { "snacId": "32529467", "description": "

The National Advisory Council on Radio in Education, Inc. (NACRE) was an organization formed in 1929 to promote radio as an educational medium.

Levering Tyson was director from 1930 to 1937.

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Douglas James Cleverdon, bookseller and radio producer, was born on Jan. 17, 1903 in Bristol, England, the elder son of Thomas Silcox Cleverdon, master wheelwright, and his wife, Jane Louisa James. He was educated at Bristol grammar school and Jesus College, Oxford, where as an undergraduate he published his first catalogue of books, thus establishing his reputation as a lover of fine printing and illustrated books. In 1926 Cleverdon opened a bookshop in Charlotte Street, Bristol, and also began publishing, with a limited edition of Eric Gill's 'Art and love' appearing in 1927, and an edition of Coleridge's 'The rime of the ancient mariner' with 10 engravings on copper by David Jones appearing in 1929. The Great Depression brought an end to Cleverdon's publishing venture, but he continued to sell books until the end of the 1930s when he began working part-time for the BBC. In 1939 he became a west regional features producer, and in 1943 a features producer in London. Shortly before the Second World War Cleverdon met Elinor Nest Lewis, daughter of James Abraham Lewis, canon, of Cardiff, Wales. They wed in 1944, and during the course of their marriage had two daughters and three sons. Dec. 1942 saw the first broacast of 'The brains trust', an informational radio program which he created with Howard Thomas. It reached an audience of twelve million, which was at that time about 29% of the population of the United Kingdom. After a brief stint in 1945 as a BBC war correspondent in Burma, he began developing a series of radio portraits for the Third Programme. He dramatized David Jones's In Parenthesis (1948) and The Anathemata (1953), broadcast the poems of John Betjeman, Thom Gunn, Ted Hughes, Sylvia Plath, Siegfried Sassoon, Stevie Smith and Wole Soyinka, and produced the work of Jacob Bronowski, David Garnett, Rose Macaulay, and Compton Mackenzie. In addition to producing programs of folk song with A. L. Lloyd and Alan Lomax, Cleverdon commissioned new music from Lennox Berkeley, Peter Racine Fricker, Alan Rawsthorne, Humphrey Searle, Mátyás Seiber and Aleksandr Tcherepnin. His most famous commission was Dylan Thomas's 'Under milk wood', first broadcast in 1954 with an all Welsh cast and starring Richard Burton. After retiring from the BBC in 1969, Cleverdon returned to publishing. Among the publications of his Clover Hill Editions were works of Michael Ayrton, David Jones, and Reynolds Stone. Douglas Cleverdon died on Oct. 1, 1987 at his home in London.

From the description of The Cleverdon-Jones collection, 1972. (Georgetown University). 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Dr. A. Cooke Hull (1818-1868) was a resident of Brooklyn, a physician, a trustee of Public Schools 8 and 11 in Brooklyn, and a founder of the Long Island Historical Society (now the Brooklyn Historical Society).

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Scientist and educator.

From the description of Papers of Arthur S. Adams, 1937-1975. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71131895

Fund raising director, investor, philanthropist. Born in 1895. Studied economics at Sorbonne in Paris and at University College in London. Became the director of Southwest Campaign Bureau in Dallas in 1925. Actively invested in stock, real estate, and oil. Involved in fund-raising and membership drives for various charitable Jewish organizations and served as the Texas field representative for the United Jewish Campaign (1926).

From the description of Papers, 1925-1928. (Texas Tech University). WorldCat record id: 23196716

Arthur Stanton Adams was born on July 1, 1896 in Winchester, Massachusetts.

He received degrees from Norwich University, The University of California and the Colorado School of Mines. He served as president of UNH from June of 1948 through 1950.

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Associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and professor of law.

From the description of William O. Douglas papers, 1801-1980 (bulk 1923-1975). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71068743

William O. Douglas was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939. His nearly thirty-seven year tenure as a Supreme Court justice was the longest in the history of the court.

From the guide to the William O. Douglas oral history interviews, 1961-1963, (Princeton University. Library. Dept. of Rare Books and Special Collections)

Biographical Note

1898, Oct. 16Born, Maine, Minn.1904Family moved to Yakima, Wash.1920Received A. B. degree from Whitman College, Walla Walla, Wash.19201922Teacher, Yakima High School, Yakima, Wash.1923Married Mildred Riddle (divorced 1953)1925Received LL. B., Columbia University School of Law, New York, N.Y.19251927Associated with law firm of Cravath, De Gersdorff, Swaine and Wood, New York, N.Y.19251928Member of faculty, Columbia University School of Law, New York, N.Y.19281936Professor, Yale Law School, New Haven, Conn.19291932Conducted various bankruptcy studies for U.S. Department of Commerce, Yale Law School, and Yale Institute of Human Relations19341936Director, Protective Committee Study, Securities and Exchange Commission19361937Commissioner, Securities and Exchange Commission19371939Chairman, Securities and Exchange Commission19391975Associate justice, U.S. Supreme Court1954Married Mercedes Davidson (divorced 1963)1963Married Joan Martin (divorced 1966)1966Married Cathleen Heffernan1975Retired from U. S. Supreme Court1980, Jan. 19Died, Washington, D.C.From the guide to the William O. 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George E. Probst (1917-1986) held many positions in both broadcasting and education from 1944 to 1983: Executive Director, Office of Radio and Television, University of Chicago (1944-1954); Founder, director and Producer, University of Chicago Roundtable (NBC) (1944-1954); Chairman, committee that presented before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) the case for assigning television channels for education (1949-1950): Chairman, finance committee, Joint Committee on Educational Television (JCET) (1950-1952); Chairman, Committee of all educational institutions, Chicago Metropolitan Area Educational Television (1951-1953; Chairman, Adult Education Committee administering Fund for Adult Education grant for production of radio series The Jefferson Heritage (co-author), Ways of Mankind, People Under Communism, Voice of Europe (1951-1953); Director, radio and television programming, WGBH (Boston, MA) (1954); Co-founder, President, Broadcast Foundation of America (1955-1983); Producer, director, writer, Democracy in America, a series based on Alexis de Tocqueville's observations of American life and politics (1958); Director, National Educational Television and Radio Center (1960-1966); Executive Director, National Commission for Cooperative Education (1966-1976); Consultant, U.S. Office of Education (1968-1976).

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Biographical Note

Born in the Bronx and educated at UCLA, Keen arrived in San Diego in 1936 as a reporter for The San Diego Sun. He later became a reporter for The San Diego Union, a contributing editor of San Diego Magazine, and the editorial director for KFMB-TV. Keen received numerous prestigious awards for his investigative reporting and was referred to by his colleagues as \"The Dean of San Diego Journalists.\"

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WBOE went on the air on November 21, 1938, as an AM station operating at a high frequency requiring specially-constructed radios. The station was owned by Cleveland Public Schools. In 1941, it was the first educational broadcaster in the nation to convert to FM as its high-frequency band was eliminated by the Federal Communications Commission. Under the direction of Dr. Wm. B. Levenson, the station won national recognition for its use of radio broadcasts synchronized with lantern slides and playscripts, speakers on such topics as health and science, and student-produced programs on current events and student etiquette. A financially strapped Board of Education finally took WBOE off the air in 1978. Despite the formal closure of WBOE, the station continued to transmit so as broadcast the Cleveland Radio Reading Service over its 67 kHz Subsidiary Communications Authorization subchannel, although unlike its regular programming this could only be received by persons with special receivers.

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WorldCat record id: 228506730 In the spring of 1950, the Russian Research Center at Harvard University entered into contract AF 33(038)-12909 with the Human Resources Research Institute of the Air University at Maxwell Field Air Base, Alabama, to conduct a large scale, unclassified project, based largely on interviews with Soviet émigrés, with the ultimate goal of gaining new insights into strategic psychological and sociological aspects of the Soviet social system. The project was named the Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System, also known as the Harvard Refugee Interview Project. The Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System was developed by sociologist Alex Inkeles and social psychologist Raymond Bauer. To test the viability of the project preliminary interviews were conducted in Munich, in 1949, by Merle Fainsod and Paul Friedrich. 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The Russian Research Center was established in 1948 to encourage and support scholarly study of the Soviet Union and related areas. A major project undertaken by the center in the late 1940's and early 1950's, originally known as the \"Russian Refugee Interview Project\" became better known as the Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. In April 1996, the Russian Research Center was renamed the Kathryn W. and Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies.

From the description of Records of the Russian Research Center, 1947-1984. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 228506730

The Russian Research Center was established in 1948 to encourage and support scholarly study of the Soviet Union and related areas.

From the description of Records of the Russian Research Center, 1947-1984 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 76972654

In the spring of 1950, the Russian Research Center at Harvard University entered into contract AF 33(038)-12909 with the Human Resources Research Institute of the Air University at Maxwell Field Air Base, Alabama, to conduct a large scale, unclassified project, based largely on interviews with Soviet émigrés, with the ultimate goal of gaining new insights into strategic psychological and sociological aspects of the Soviet social system. The project was named the Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System, also known as the Harvard Refugee Interview Project.

The Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System was developed by sociologist Alex Inkeles and social psychologist Raymond Bauer. To test the viability of the project preliminary interviews were conducted in Munich, in 1949, by Merle Fainsod and Paul Friedrich. From 1950 to 1951, several hundred Soviet refugees, residents in West Germany Austria, and the United States, were contacted as prospective interviewees for the HPSSS; some 330 candidates were selected and given full-depth interviews by specialists prominent in the field of Soviet studies. In addition to those named above, these specialists include Joseph Berliner, Alexander Dallin, Robert Feldmesser, Mark Field, Marc Fried, Eugenia Haufmann, Kent Geiger, Sidney Harcave, Ivan London, Michael Luther, John Orton, Alex Peskin, John Reshetar, and others.

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The first county farm bureaus in the state of Iowa were organized in Clinton and Scott counties on September 1, 1912. The purpose of the farm bureaus was to coordinate the agricultural activities of the county and to work in cooperation with other local farm associations. The farm bureaus also employed a county agent to act as leader, and it was his responsibility to conduct agricultural demonstrations, offer advice to individual farmers, conduct agricultural meetings, and work with rural schools. The agent was supported financially by grants from the federal and state governments and funds raised within the organized counties. In addition, the county farm bureaus of Iowa cooperated directly with the United States Department of Agriculture and the Iowa State College (University) Agricultural Extension Department.

Within five years of the formation of the first farm bureaus in Iowa, farmers in thirty counties were organized. As the United States entered into World War I, an effort was made to organized the farmers in all of Iowa's counties. By June 1, 1918, all ninety-nine counties in Iowa were organized, forming a total of one hundred farm bureaus (Pottawattamie county was split into eastern and western halves).

The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation was formed December 27, 1918, at a meeting in Marshalltown attended by delegates from seventy-two of the state's one hundred coutny farm bureau organizations. During that meeting, the constitution and bylaws were formulated and executive officers and members of the board of directors were selected. James R. Howard of Marshall County was elected the first president of the IFBF. During its first year, the IFBF lobbied state and federal legislatures, assisted in establishing other agriculture-related organizations, created a federation publication, and joined with other state organizations to form the American Farm Bureau Federation. By the end of 1919, IFBF membership surpassed 100,000 members.

From its inception, the purpose of the IFBF was to help farm families prosper and improve their quality of life. Over the years IFBF has confronted a wide variety of issues ranging from global trade agricultural education and research, distribution and marketing of farm goods, farm credit, rural power and communications, soil conservation, and price support programs to name just a few. Membership in the IFBF is open to people of any occupation and, as of 2007, claims over 150,000 member families to be part of its organization.

From the description of Records, 1914- (Iowa State University). WorldCat record id: 85774022

Evolved from a Crop Improvement Association which was partially financed by Julius Rosenwald of Sears, Roebuck and Company and Chambers of Commerce. Iowa counties of Clinton, Scott, Black Hawk, Muscatine, Montgomery, Clay and Greene became active and organized in July 1912. During World War I, the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture designated the County Crop Improvement Associations to promote stepped up food production and food conservation. By the end of the war, all County War Emergency organizations felt the need for a permanent farm association. When they became permanent, the name was changed to County Farm Bureau. Before the end of 1917 every county in Iowa had a Farm Bureau. The federating of the County Farm Bureaus took place in December of 1918.

The object of the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation was \"to develop, strengthen and correlate the work of the County Farm Bureaus of the state; to encourage and promote cooperation of all representative agricultural organizations in every effort to improve and facilitate conditions for the economic and efficient production of, conservation of, marketing of, transportation of and distribution of farm products; to further the study and enactment of constructive agricultural legislation; to advise with representatives of the public agricultural institutions cooperating with Farm Bureaus in the determination of state-wide policies and to inform Farm Bureau members regarding all movements that affect their interests.\"

From the description of Records, 1920-1976. (Iowa State University). WorldCat record id: 28698204", "altNames": [ "Iowa Farm Bureau Federation" ], "subjects": [ "Agriculture--Economic aspects", "Agriculture industries", "Agriculture" ], "placeNames": [ "Iowa" ], "airtableId": "recabso1AhvOWKQk3" }, "airtableId": "recJ54fQ1XJnjA2B9" }, { "id": "jorgensen-albert", "name": "Jorgensen, Albert", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJ69bwrjBmCcSlr" }, { "id": "lee-frank", "name": "Lee, Frank", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJ6UZeFn7NK4HcT" }, { "id": "harris-dale-b", "name": "Harris, Dale B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJ79VyvJqeBBTGL" }, { "id": "harris-oren", "name": "Harris, Oren", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJ7d0XSASNS20Sj" }, { "id": "frankie-trumbauers-orchestra", "name": "Frankie Trumbauer's Orchestra", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recJ8CNxzixQ2whfr" }, { "id": "gates-moore", "name": "Gates, Moore", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJ8L96DEk0mDbLF" }, { "id": "graham-frank-p", "name": "Graham, Frank P.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJAg6rcWqHkb1pG" }, { "id": "national-association-of-educational-broadcasters-midwest-music-directors", "name": "National Association of Educational Broadcasters Midwest Music Directors", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recJBwVTzZiJzO5Hz" }, { "id": "adams-j-donald-james-donald-1891-1968", "name": "Adams, J. Donald (James Donald), 1891-1968", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJCGlDpBqkQ37mh" }, { "id": "institute-for-education-by-radio", "name": "Institute for Education by Radio", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107494518", "name": "Institute for Education by Radio", "wikidataLabelDescription": "organization encouraging use of educational radio", "altNames": [ "Institute for Education by Radio", "Annual Institute for Education by Radio", "Institute for Education by Radio-Television", "The Institute for Education by Radio and Television" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2009004985" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/154314122" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61p1t9c" ], "placeNames": [ "Columbus", "United States of America" ], "airtableId": "recWe7FvP33Zfnndz" }, "snac": { "snacId": "6724986", "description": "

The Institute for Education by Radio and Television began in 1930, created by OSU Associate Professor and Researcher I. Keith Tyler. Tyler's research specialized in education, examining how the medium of radio could be used as an educational tool. The objective of the Institute was to encourage collaborative efforts between educators and broadcasters, both domestically and internationally. As the popularity of television began to spread, the Institute expanded to include how the emergent medium could be used as another way to educate a mass audience. The Institute lasted for 35 years, ending in 1965 due to financial constrains; however, the continued interest in educational broadcasting remains its enduring legacy.

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The group's second tour, which produced the live double album 4 Way Street (1971), was fraught with arguments between Young and Taylor, which resulted in Taylor being replaced by John Barbata, and tensions with Stills, which resulted in his being temporarily dismissed from the band. At the end of the tour the band split up. The group have since reunited several times, sometimes with and sometimes without Young, and have released eight studio and four live albums. 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National Educational Television and Radio Center (NETRC) was established in 1952 as Educational Television and Radio Center, and renamed in 1958. NETRC was located in New York City, New York. Most of their operations were taken over by the newly established Corporation for Public Broadcasting in 1970, and the organization was renamed WNET.

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Professor of Communications, Washington State University.

From the description of Papers, 1938-1983. (Washington State University). WorldCat record id: 29853376

Hugh Rundell was born at Madison, Wisconsin, in 1919. He graduated from Ripon College and the University of Wisconsin, taking a degree in speech with some emphasis on radio. After service in the Army and employment at the University of West Virginia, he joined the faculty of Washington State College in 1948 as an Assistant Professor of Speech.

Rundell worked for WSU until retirement in 1982, concentrating on a variety of radio-related jobs, both with the college radio station and in classes. He was well-known as the author of a pronunciation guide to place names in Washington and the announcer on the widely-syndicated program Legendary Pianist .

During 1976-1978 Rundell conducted a series of oral interviews of several radio broadcasting pioneers in the Northwest.

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The Esalen Institute was founded in 1962 as an alternative educational center which explores the world of unrealized human capacities that lies beyond the imagination. Esalen soon became known for its blend of East/West philosophies, its experiential/didactic workshops, the steady influx of philosophers, psychologists, artists, and religious thinkers, and its breathtaking grounds blessed with natural hot springs. Once home to a Native American tribe known as the Essalen, Esalen is situated on 27 acres on the Big Sur coastline.

From the description of Esalen Institute Collection, 1968-1997. (University of California, Santa Barbara). WorldCat record id: 49838092

Administrative History

The Esalen Institute was founded in 1962 as an alternative educational center devoted to the exploration of what Aldous Huxley called the \"human potential,\" the world of unrealized human capacities that lies beyond the imagination. Esalen soon became known for its blend of East/West philosophies, its experiential/didactic workshops, the steady influx of philosophers, psychologists, artists, and religious thinkers, and its breathtaking grounds blessed with natural hot springs. Once home to a Native American tribe known as the Essalen, Esalen is situated on 27 acres of spectacular Big Sur coastline with the Santa Lucia Mountains rising sharply behind.

--from http://www.esalen.org

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Charles Edward Bennett (b. Dec. 2, 1910, Canton, N.Y.-d. Sept. 6, 2003, Jacksonville, Fla.), lawyer, was a member of the Florida state house of representatives in 1941. He was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-first and to the twenty-one succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1949 to January 3, 1993.

From the description of Bennett, Charles E. (Charles Edward), 1910-2003 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10582731

Congressman.

From the description of Reminiscences of Charles Edward Bennett : oral history, 1970. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122376558

Charles \"Charlie\" Edward Bennett was born on December 2, 1910. In 1949 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as the Democratic representative of Jacksonville's 2nd district (which became the 3rd district in 1967). He was re-elected twenty-one more times, serving from 1949 to 1993. He died on September 6, 2003 in Jacksonville.

From the description of Charles E. Bennett Papers, 1903-2001 (bulk: 1949-1992) (University of Florida). WorldCat record id: 19617386

Charles \"Charlie\" Edward Bennett was born on December 2, 1910 in Canton, New York. At the age of two his family relocated to Tampa, Florida, where his father worked for the U.S. Weather Bureau. Charles lived in Tampa throughout his youth. He was an Eagle Scout with the Boy Scouts of America and received the Eagle Scout Award. After graduating from high school, he attended the University of Florida. He was president of the UF student body and served as editor of the Florida Alligator student newspaper. In addition to a wide range of volunteer activities and participation in political organizations, Charles worked his way through college by waiting tables, working on a university farm, and writing articles for local newspapers.

After graduating from UF with a Juris Doctor law degree in 1934, Bennett began practicing law in Jacksonville, Florida. In 1941, Bennett was elected to a term in the Florida State legislature. In early 1942 he gave up his legislative seat and joined the U.S. Army as a private. Bennett served in the Pacific during World War II, including fighting in the Philippines and New Guinea. While serving in the Philippines, he contracted polio, a disease that left his legs partially paralyzed for the remainder of his life. When Bennett left Army service in 1947 he had attained the rank of Captain. He was awarded both a Bonze and Sliver Star for his outstanding wartime accomplishments.

Following the war, Bennett returned to Jacksonville and resumed practicing law. In 1949 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as the Democratic representative of Jacksonville's 2nd district (which became the 3rd district in 1967). He was re-elected twenty-one more times, serving from 1949 to 1993, and he rarely faced strong opposition. In 1953, Bennett married Dorothy Jean, with whom he had four children: Lucinda (Cindy), Charles Jr., James, and Bruce. Throughout his life, Bennett was devoted to his Christian faith; he was a deacon and taught Sunday school for many years at the Riverside Avenue Christian Church in Jacksonville. In 1955 he sponsored the legislation which added the phrase \"In God We Trust\" to American currency. Later in his life Bennett revealed that he believed this was his most important accomplishment as a Congressman.

Throughout his political career Bennett fought against corruption in legislature, promoting a code of ethics for members of government that came to be called \"The Ten Commandments.\" His strict adherence to a high standard of personal ethics resulted in his nicknames such as \"Mr. Ethics\" and \"Mr. Clean.\" He led efforts to establish the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in 1958, and the \"Code of Ethics for Government Service.\" He also was the first chair of the Congressional Ethics Committee. Fiscally conservative and a great opponent of waste, Bennett's leftover campaign funds were donated to the National Parks Service, and he regularly returned his veteran disability pension to the U.S. Treasury. Bennett also refused his congressional pay raises and voted against the practice in Congress. He received the \"Watchdog of the Treasury Award\" on multiple occasions for his strong support of economy in government.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Bennett voted with many southern Democrats against civil rights and Great Society programs, including Medicare and the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He also signed the so-called Southern Manifesto in 1956, generally opposing the integration of public schools. However, in 1965 Bennett broke with the southern bloc to support the 1965 Voting Rights Act, arguing that it was based on a \"constitutional obligation.\" Throughout his later political career he consistently received a great deal of support from Jacksonville's African-American community.

Bennett was very concerned with the nation's defense and security, and for many years was second in seniority on the House Armed Services Committee. Bennett strongly opposed worldwide proliferation of nuclear arms, and in the 1960s he supported the creation of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. In the 1980s, he supported funding for more conventional weapons and reductions in Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) spending. His legislation also set standards for upgrades in military housing, particularly in his own district's naval air stations.

Domestically, Bennett was concerned with urban issues of poverty, juvenile delinquency and drug use, and the raising of auto safety standards. He also advocated better working conditions for migrant farm workers, increased awareness for animal rights, establishment of the National Teachers Corps, federal aid to hospital and school construction, child welfare programs, and establishment of the Small Business Administration. As a disabled person Bennett promoted the rights of handicapped individuals. He co-sponsored the Americans with Disabilities Act, fought for architectural improvements to aid the handicapped, and regularly sought to demonstrate the often underestimated capacity of disabled persons. Despite his paralysis, he acquired the longest consecutive record of roll call votes in Congress without an absence - 26 years.

Bennett also was a historian of Florida and U.S. colonial history, writing and publishing nine books and several articles. He was a proponent of environmental conservation and historical preservation. He often sponsored bills to preserve or improve Florida's environment, including the prevention of erosion on Florida's beaches. He was instrumental in the creation of the Fort Caroline National Park Memorial in Jacksonville and its surrounding Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, as well as the Key Deer Preserve in the Florida Keys. He also was co-sponsor of the Wilderness Preservation Act and the Land and Water Conservation Act.

In 1993, Bennett retired from Congress to care for his ailing wife. He suffered a heart attack and a stroke in 2002. He died on September 6, 2003 in Jacksonville at age 92 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

From the guide to the Charles E. Bennett Papers, 1903-2001, 1949-1992, (Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida)", "birthDate": "12/2/1910", "deathDate": "9/6/2003", "altNames": [ "Bennett, Charles E., 1910-2003" ], "subjects": [ "Politicians--Interviews", "World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns", "World War, 1939-1945", "Legislators--Archives", "World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American" ], "placeNames": [ "Hawaii", "United States", "Philippines", "New Guinea", "Florida" ], "airtableId": "recHkFfI46qjyv34s" }, "airtableId": "recJk7xUOqHyqPsvt" }, { "id": "tsou-tang-1918-1999", "name": "Tsou, Tang, 1918-1999", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJkbh5YgfQd0UHt" }, { "id": "reiff-robert-w", "name": "Reiff, Robert W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJkvTLfySADMkSu" }, { "id": "randall-juanita", "name": "Randall, Juanita", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recJkzPqGeMgV8oUu" }, { "id": "harwood-kenneth", "name": "Harwood, Kenneth", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6390191", "name": "Kenneth Harwood", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American information theorist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Harwood", "birthDate": "1924", "description": "Kenneth A. 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Congregational Christian Churches missionary to Japan, 1921-1941 and 1952-1966, and scholar on Japanese religions.

From the description of Papers, 1869-1974. (University of Oregon Libraries). WorldCat record id: 19578438

William P. Woodard was an American scholar of religion in Japan and a missionary to Japan for the Congregational Christian Church from 1921-1941 and 1952-1966. During the Allied occupation of Japan, Woodard advised leaders on religious policy and law as Chief of the Religious Research Unit.

From the description of William P. Woodard photographs [graphic]. ca. 1930-1960. (University of Oregon Libraries). WorldCat record id: 163878447

William P. Woodard was a Congregational Christian Churches missionary to Japan from 1921-1941 and 1952-1966, and a scholar on Japanese religions.

From the description of William P. Woodard papers [microform], 1869-1974. (University of Oregon Libraries). WorldCat record id: 154331087

William Parsons Woodard was born September 10, 1896, in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He attended public schools in Kalamazoo and graduated from Kalamazoo College with a history degree in 1918. After a short period of military service as a sergeant during World War I, Woodard continued his education at Union Theological Seminary, graduating in 1921.

In the same year, Woodard with his wife Harriet Mead Woodard, went to Japan as a missionary of the American board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Congregational Christian Churches). After three years of language school, he worked six years in Sapporo, followed by five years in Keijo (Seoul, Korea), and in 1935, once again in Japan. During this latter period, he served as secretary in the headquarters of the Kumiai Christian Church. In September, 1941, as a result of worsening political conditions preceding World War II, he returned to the United States.

From 1942 to 1947, Woodard served in the U.S. Navy as an intelligence officer, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Commander. He returned to Japan in October, 1945, with the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey. In 1946, he accepted appointments as Chief of the Religious Research Branch, Special Projects Officer, and Advisor in Religions and Cultural Resources within the Religions and Cultural Resources Division, Civil Information and Education Section of the allied command. In this capacity, he worked closely with Japanese religious leaders on issues related to military shrines and state religion, and assisted in the development of the Religious Juridical Persons Law. After 1947, Woodard retained these positions as a civilian employee until the end of the occupation in 1952.

After a year in the United States, Woodard once again returned to Japan and founded the International Institute for the Study of Religions, which assisted scholars of all nationalities in the study of religions in Japan. Woodard served as director of the Institute and editor of its English language journal, Contemporary Religions in Japan, until 1966. He also wrote articles on religion for the Japan Times from 1962 to 1966, and contributed regularly to other newspapers and journals.

His first wife died I 1956. Woodard later married Margaret Cuddeback, a missionary and Y.W.C.A secretary when he met her. In 1961, he received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Kalamazoo College. After returning to the United States, Woodard lectured at Claremont Graduate School from 1966 to 1972. During this time he also continued to research and write about the religious policies during the occupation of Japan. This study culminated I the publication of his book, The Allied Occupation of Japan and Japanese Religions, in 1972.

Woodard died February 20, 1973, in Pomona, California at the age of 76.

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Public radio station licensed to and with studios on the campus of East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tenn. Member station of National Public Radio and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Began broadcasting on February 26, 1974, and serves an area with a population of more than 2.5 million, including portions of Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky.

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In 1938, Indiana University began to engage in radio activities. A room was set aside for use as a studio and control room and a radio director and program director were hired. Courses such as \"Radio Broadcasting\" and \"Radio Writing\" were offered through the Department of Speech and \"Radio News\" in the Department of Journalism. In addition, two graduate courses were initiated: \"Radio in Education\" in the School in Education and \"Radio Seminar\" in the Department of Speech.

At the Board of Trustees September 20, 1945 meeting, they approved the establishment of a Department of Radio as an \"unattached department\" under the Dean of Faculties. Beginning the fall of 1950, IU offered a B.S. in Radio and listed the courses under the College of Arts and Sciences, but it wasn't until 1953 that Radio officially began a part COAS, when the Trustees approved the establishment of the Department of Radio and Television. In 1974, the Trustees approved a name change to the Department of Telecommunications in order to better reflect the expanded scope of their academic program. This change went into effect on July 1.

Harry Skornia served as Director of Radio Programs (and chair of the department once it was established) from 1942-1953. Following him was Elmer Sulzer, who chaired the department for the decade from 1954-1964. Sulzer was succeeded by Donley Feddersen, who served as department chair from 1966-1970.

Today the Department of Telecommunications is home to over forty faculty members. It offers courses in marketing strategies, multimedia design, radio and television production, processes and effects, and industry and management.

From the guide to the Indiana University Department of Radio and Television Chair's records, 1939-1963, bulk 1945-1952, (Indiana University Office of University Archives and Records Management http://www.libraries.iub.edu/archives)", "altNames": [ "Indiana University. 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The Columbia University community and administration mobilized to the fullest extent in answer to the entry of the United States into World War I. Summed up by President Nicholas Murray Butler in the 1918 Annual Report, the effects of the war on the University were far-reaching: \"Students by the hundred and prospective students by the thousand entered the military, naval, or civil service of the United States; teachers and administrative officers to the number of nearly four hundred sought and obtained leaves of absence or resigned their posts in order to enter the service of the Government; courses of instruction were modified or abandoned; habitual modes of procedure were altered; the whole University went upon a war footing.\" Soon after the nation mobilized in 1917, the war effort consumed Columbia in every way, from installation of new courses and military training on South Field to creating a War Records Committee to record every Columbia community member's participation in the war effort. Columbia's mobilization was so intense that the U.S. government used many of Columbia's programs and efforts as an example for the country's other institutions of higher education.

The first direct military activity on campus was on March 8, 1917 when the Columbia Reserve Officers Training Corps (also known as: Columbia Battalion or Columbia Corps) was formed. Within four months of formation, 1400 had enrolled in the Battalion. In April 1918, the Battalion was disbanded when it was announced, that the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) would be established to replace it. The ROTC, however, was never realized because the U.S. Army created the Student Army Training Corps to fill its place in the summer of 1918.

In April 1917 the Trustees of the University approved the creation of the Columbia War Hospital, a medical training camp, to be located on a piece of land in the Bronx called the Columbia Oval. Due to fear of naval bombardment, the hospital was also meant to handle victims of these bombardments if they occurred or to handle ill soldiers or war disasters. The War Department took over the Hospital on October 3, 1917 and renamed it the U.S. Army General Hospital Number One. In other war efforts, alumni raised enough money in September 1917 to set up the Ambulance Service Division. In addition, the University established the Columbia Service Bureau, part of the American University Union. Horatio S. Krans (CC 1894) headed the Bureau as \"a friendly and helpful port of call for hundreds of Columbia soldiers on leave to Paris.\" (Fon W. Boardman, Jr., Columbia: An American University in Peace and War, p.47).

The University participated in and created many other programs and facilities to further the war effort, including the emergency training corps; establishment of the Military and Naval Bureau in East Hall; Mobilization Committee for Women's Work which organized women for volunteer and salaried positions; the establishment of the United States Navy Gas Engine School; the inclusion of war-related courses being taught through the Department of Extension Teaching; and the creation of the Farm Bureau.

From the description of Columbia University in World War I Collection, 1914-1970. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 642164811

BIOGHIST REQUIRED As an institution and a community, Columbia University completely mobilized its people and resources in order to help the United States and its allies, as well as protect itself from possible enemy attack, during World War II. The war affected the University most directly once the U.S. was involved, but the topic had entered the campus consciousness as early as 1933, when the merits of entering into war were debated on campus by faculty and students alike. By the fall of 1941, with war raging in Europe, it was becoming more and more likely the U.S. would eventually be drawn into the conflict. In response, the University began preparing itself for the contingencies of war, well before the attack on Pearl Harbor in December of that year.

The University participated in the war effort in several major ways: government-aided research, civilian defense, war relief, and military and educational training programs. Scientific research was conducted both on campus and in laboratories on Long Island and in Connecticut. Columbia engaged in research in the fields of engineering, physics, and medicine, ranging from high profile programs like the Manhattan Project to lesser known projects such as one developing underwater sonar systems. Research conducted during WWII sometimes continued into the post-war period, and new research projects were given to the university as the connections between government agencies and the University begun during the war period continued and grew.

Two major programs instituted on campus, in addition to the ongoing research in the many labs in and around campus, were Civilian Defense and the Committee for War Relief. Civilian Defense, a domain mainly controlled by men on campus, was comprised of six different committees: Committee on Campus Protection (including the Building Control Division), Committee on Community Education, Committee on Courses of Training, Committee on Protection of Valuable Possessions, Committee on Technical Advice, and Committee on Volunteer Participation. Another important sub-division of the Civilian Defense program was the Student Auxiliary Corps (SAC) comprising five different squads – fire, first aid, campus patrol, information desk and communications. All of these committees used the talents and manpower of those in the campus community to institute defensive measures such as blackout regulations, air raid drills, evacuation procedures, and training in first-aid. The committee also acted as a liaison between Columbia and the larger New York City and metropolitan area communities and their civilian defense programs.

Committee for War Relief was mainly the domain of women within the Columbia community and acted primarily as a fundraising organization. It raised money through the organization of fairs, concerts and lectures in order to aid people suffering in war torn countries, such as Britain and France. In addition to fundraising, this group also organized volunteers to make surgical dressings, knit socks, organize blood drives and hold lectures on home front activities, such as growing victory gardens.

Columbia also made its facilities available to the military as a place where thousands of new recruits could be housed and instructed in the United States Naval Reserve (U.S.N.R.) Midshipmen's School, the Navy V-12 program and the U.S. Navy School of Military Government and Administration. Additionally, the university adjusted its coursework within the college and other areas of the school to meet the new needs of wartime. Thus, map-making classes, more engineering courses, speeded up degree programs, and intensive language courses in Japanese and German were instituted.

From the guide to the World War II Collection, 1933-1956., (Columbia University. University Archives-Columbiana Library, )From the guide to the Class Photograph Albums Collection, 1856-1902, (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library University Archives)

The Columbia University community and administration mobilized to the fullest extent in answer to the entry of the United States into World War I. Summed up by President Nicholas Murray Butler in the 1918 Annual Report, the effects of the war on the University were far-reaching: \"Students by the hundred and prospective students by the thousand entered the military, naval, or civil service of the United States; teachers and administrative officers to the number of nearly four hundred sought and obtained leaves of absence or resigned their posts in order to enter the service of the Government; courses of instruction were modified or abandoned; habitual modes of procedure were altered; the whole University went upon a war footing.\" Soon after the nation mobilized in 1917, the war effort consumed Columbia in every way, from installation of new courses and military training on South Field to creating a War Records Committee to record every Columbia community member's participation in the war effort. Columbia's mobilization was so intense that the U.S. government used many of Columbia's programs and efforts as an example for the country's other institutions of higher education.

The first direct military activity on campus was on March 8, 1917 when the Columbia Reserve Officers Training Corps (also known as: Columbia Battalion or Columbia Corps) was formed. Within four months of formation, 1400 had enrolled in the Battalion. In April 1918, the Battalion was disbanded when it was announced, that the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) would be established to replace it. The ROTC, however, was never realized because the U.S. Army created the Student Army Training Corps to fill its place in the summer of 1918.

In April 1917 the Trustees of the University approved the creation of the Columbia War Hospital, a medical training camp, to be located on a piece of land in the Bronx called the Columbia Oval. Due to fear of naval bombardment, the hospital was also meant to handle victims of these bombardments if they occurred or to handle ill soldiers or war disasters. The War Department took over the Hospital on October 3, 1917 and renamed it the U.S. Army General Hospital Number One. In other war efforts, alumni raised enough money in September 1917 to set up the Ambulance Service Division. In addition, the University established the Columbia Service Bureau, part of the American University Union. Horatio S. Krans (CC 1894) headed the Bureau as \"a friendly and helpful port of call for hundreds of Columbia soldiers on leave to Paris.\" (Fon W. Boardman, Jr., Columbia: An American University in Peace and War, p.47)

The University participated in and created many other programs and facilities to further the war effort, including the emergency training corps; establishment of the Military and Naval Bureau in East Hall; Mobilization Committee for Women's Work which organized women for volunteer and salaried positions; the establishment of the United States Navy Gas Engine School; the inclusion of war-related courses being taught through the Department of Extension Teaching; and the creation of the Farm Bureau.

From the guide to the Columbia University in World War I Collection, 1914-1970, (Columbia University. University Archives.)

The Columbia University community and administration mobilized to the fullest extent in answer to the entry of the United States into World War I. Summed up by President Nicholas Murray Butler in the 1918 Annual Report, the effects of the war on the University were far-reaching: \"Students by the hundred and prospective students by the thousand entered the military, naval, or civil service of the United States; teachers and administrative officers to the number of nearly four hundred sought and obtained leaves of absence or resigned their posts in order to enter the service of the Government; courses of instruction were modified or abandoned; habitual modes of procedure were altered; the whole University went upon a war footing.\" Soon after the nation mobilized in 1917, the war effort consumed Columbia in every way, from installation of new courses and military training on South Field to creating a War Records Committee to record every Columbia community member's participation in the war effort. Columbia's mobilization was so intense that the U.S. government used many of Columbia's programs and efforts as an example for the country's other institutions of higher education.

The first direct military activity on campus was on March 8, 1917 when the Columbia Reserve Officers Training Corps (also known as: Columbia Battalion or Columbia Corps) was formed. Within four months of formation, 1400 had enrolled in the Battalion. In April 1918, the Battalion was disbanded when it was announced, that the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) would be established to replace it. The ROTC, however, was never realized because the U.S. Army created the Student Army Training Corps to fill its place in the summer of 1918.

In April 1917 the Trustees of the University approved the creation of the Columbia War Hospital, a medical training camp, to be located on a piece of land in the Bronx called the Columbia Oval. Due to fear of naval bombardment, the hospital was also meant to handle victims of these bombardments if they occurred or to handle ill soldiers or war disasters. The War Department took over the Hospital on October 3, 1917 and renamed it the U.S. Army General Hospital Number One. In other war efforts, alumni raised enough money in September 1917 to set up the Ambulance Service Division. In addition, the University established the Columbia Service Bureau, part of the American University Union. Horatio S. Krans (CC 1894) headed the Bureau as \"a friendly and helpful port of call for hundreds of Columbia soldiers on leave to Paris.\" (Fon W. Boardman, Jr., Columbia: An American University in Peace and War, p.47)

The University participated in and created many other programs and facilities to further the war effort, including the emergency training corps; establishment of the Military and Naval Bureau in East Hall; Mobilization Committee for Women's Work which organized women for volunteer and salaried positions; the establishment of the United States Navy Gas Engine School; the inclusion of war-related courses being taught through the Department of Extension Teaching; and the creation of the Farm Bureau.

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Established in 1869.

From the description of Southern Illinois Normal University photograph collection, 1860-1940. (Southern Illinois University). WorldCat record id: 367589142

Southern Illinois University was established in 1869.

From the description of Southern Illinois University Carbondale Student Affairs photographs, 1947-1965. (Southern Illinois University). WorldCat record id: 319871718From the description of Southern Illinois University Carbondale Student Center photographs and newsclippings, 1952-1957. (Southern Illinois University). WorldCat record id: 319871359

Southern Illinois University at Carbondale was established in 1869.

From the description of Southern Illinois University Carbondale Archives photograph collection, 1897-1978. (Southern Illinois University). 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Philanthropic organization established in 1936 by Henry and Edsel Ford from profits of the Ford Motor Company.

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Peter Cooper (1791-1883) was a manufacturer, inventor, philanthropist, and founder of Cooper Union. Cooper's son-in-law Abram S. Hewitt (1822-1903) was a manufacturer, philanthropist, U.S. Representative from New York, and mayor of New York.

From the description of Cooper-Hewitt collection, [ca. 1783-1953] (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 155472943

Art museum, N.Y., N.Y.

Founded 1897. Name changed to Cooper-Hewitt Museum. Housed in the Carnegie Mansion, home of Andrew Carnegie.

From the description of Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration drawings, [ca. 1820]-1943. (Unknown). 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Richard", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLECFXboFlN2B85" }, { "id": "dunlap-wallace", "name": "Dunlap, Wallace", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLEPbvdkX97c5fG" }, { "id": "hertert-patricia-c", "name": "Hertert, Patricia C.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLEiDG7i8CNlX9j" }, { "id": "setterberg-richard-c", "name": "Setterberg, Richard C.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLFSW4nG4lOulam" }, { "id": "oliveras-candido", "name": "Oliveras, Candido", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLFTlPaC5hEOYP8" }, { "id": "altschuler-edward-a", "name": "Altschuler, Edward A.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLFc8NnAMFJ5LKY" }, { "id": "rice-michael", "name": "Rice, Michael", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLFfECF93uWLJZa" }, { "id": "kdps-radio-station-des-moines-iowa", "name": "KDPS (Radio station : Des Moines, Iowa)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6328025", "name": "KDPS", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Radio station in Des Moines, Iowa", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDPS", "inceptionDate": "January 1, 1953", "description": "KDPS is a radio station in Des Moines, Iowa. The station is owned by Des Moines Public Schools. The school district programs the station with a variety of rock music styles and staffs it with high school students who are learning radio. Kids Radio Mania is the station's weekend radio programming format. Kids Radio Mania is produced by Professor Stephen Winzenburg at Grand View University and airs every Saturday from 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. central time and Sunday from 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. during summers and holidays, Sundays 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. during the school year. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/kdps-radio-station-des-moines-iowa.png", "ownedBy": [ "Des Moines Public Schools" ], "website": [ "http://www.kdpsradio.com" ], "placeNames": [ "Des Moines", "Iowa" ], "airtableId": "reckyaUGyKRmJhTkg" }, "airtableId": "recLFw8CLzTbxxamM" }, { "id": "campbell-chet", "name": "Campbell, Chet", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLG55dHcHeS7CLx" }, { "id": "tripp-robert-e", "name": "Tripp, Robert E.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLGDOJ6tHrsiyyK" }, { "id": "novosel-steve", "name": "Novosel, Steve", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLGUJlqQGbO9uTx" }, { "id": "graves-robert-1895-1985", "name": "Graves, Robert, 1895-1985", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLGZC1qb7kCSAdR" }, { "id": "ribicoff-abraham-1910-1998", "name": "Ribicoff, Abraham, 1910-1998", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q323417", "name": "Abraham A. Ribicoff", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician (1910-1998)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff", "birthDate": "1910-04-09T00:00Z, 1910-03-09T00:00Z", "deathDate": "1998-02-22T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "New Britain", "deathPlace": "New York City", "description": "Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (April 9, 1910 – February 22, 1998) was an American Democratic Party politician from the state of Connecticut. He represented Connecticut in the United States House of Representatives and Senate and was the 80th Governor of Connecticut and Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. He was Connecticut's first and to date only Jewish governor. Born in New Britain, Connecticut, to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from Poland, Samuel Ribicoff, a factory worker, and Rose Sable Ribicoff, he attended local public schools. Ribicoff's relatively poor parents valued education and insisted that all his earnings from part-time boyhood jobs go toward his future schooling. After high school, he worked for a year at a nearby factory of the G. E. Prentice Company to earn additional funds for college. Ribicoff enrolled at New York University in 1928, then transferred to the University of Chicago after the Prentice Company made him the Chicago office manager. While in Chicago, Ribicoff coped with school and work schedules and was permitted to enter the university's law school before finishing his undergraduate degree. Still a student, he married Ruth Siegel on June 28, 1931; they would have two children. Ribicoff served as editor of the University of Chicago Law Review in his third year and received an LLB cum laude in 1933, being admitted to the Connecticut bar the same year. After practicing law in the office of a Hartford lawyer, Ribicoff set up his practice, first in Kensington and later in Hartford. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/ribicoff-abraham-1910-1998.jpg", "altNames": [ "Abraham Alexander Ribicoff", "Abraham Ribicoff" ], "occupation": [ "politician", "lawyer", "member", "administrator" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81020403" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/93185480" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81020403" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10570132" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69w0hjz" ], "placeNames": [ "Connecticut", "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "education", "title": "Education" }, { "id": "energy-policy-united-states", "title": "Energy policy--United States" }, { "id": "arms-control", "title": "Arms control" }, { "id": "vietnam-war-1961-1975", "title": "Vietnam War, 1961-1975" }, { "id": "international-trade", "title": "International trade" } ], "airtableId": "recMatgYa58tqh5aj" }, "snac": { "snacId": "39513769", "description": "

Jurist, U.S. secretary of health, education and welfare, and U.S representative and senator from and governor of Connecticut.

From the description of Papers of Abraham Ribicoff, 1927-1981. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 76017640

Biographical Note

1910, Apr. 9Born, New Britain, Conn.1933L.L.B. University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.19381942Connecticut House of Representatives19411951Municipal judge, Hartford, Conn.19491953U.S. representative from Connecticut1952Unsuccessful bid for U.S. Senate19551961Governor of Connecticut19611962Secretary of health, education, and welfare19631981U.S. senator1998Died, New York, N.Y.From the guide to the Abraham Ribicoff Papers, 1927-1981, (Manuscript Division Library of Congress)", "birthDate": "4/10/1910", "deathDate": "2/22/1998", "altNames": [ "Ribicoff, Abraham, 1910-1998" ], "subjects": [ "Nuclear nonproliferation", "Education--United States", "Vietnam War, 1961-1975", "Corvair automobile", "Consumer protection--Law and legislation--United States", "Civil rights--United States", "Environmental protection--United States", "Industrial policy--United States", "Advertising, political", "Presidents--United States--Election--1960", "Consumer movements--United States", "Education", "Corporations--United States", "Civil service--United States", "Medical care--United States", "Traffic safety--United States", "Arms control", "Energy policy--United States", "Radio advertising", "International trade" ], "placeNames": [ "Connecticut", "United States" ], "occupations": [ "Senators, U.S. Congress--Connecticut", "Governors--Connecticut", "Cabinet officers", "Representatives, U.S. Congress--Connecticut", "Jurists" ], "airtableId": "reczOQMBC5mZNbpJ5" }, "airtableId": "recLH1ha3v9LEiVYN" }, { "id": "henry-emil", "name": "Henry, Emil", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLI1iQUNdXB55Yj" }, { "id": "spencer-lee-b", "name": "Spencer, Lee B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLJXhldqgx2lVMH" }, { "id": "holmes-john-1904-1962", "name": "Holmes, John, 1904-1962", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLJYtO7cMyPk6Rk" }, { "id": "latimer-ira-h", "name": "Latimer, Ira H.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLJuwEtrjQPKBuA" }, { "id": "wagner-paul-a", "name": "Wagner, Paul A.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLK86UpWisEDnxD" }, { "id": "kvaraceus-william-clement", "name": "Kvaraceus, William Clement", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLL0y6LT2sRNA70" }, { "id": "chambre-melda", "name": "Chambre, Melda", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recLLTuTg3LTqAtrI" }, { "id": "wprk-radio-station-winter-park-fla", "name": "WPRK (Radio station : Winter Park, Fla.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q2537596", "name": "WPRK", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio station in Winter Park, Florida", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPRK", "inceptionDate": "January 1, 1952", "description": "WPRK 91.5 FM is a non-commercial college radio station located in Winter Park, Florida, United States. It is owned and operated by Rollins College. Its signal is audible in most of the Orlando metropolitan area. WPRK features programming from nearly every mainstream and non-mainstream music genre. WPRK began broadcasting on December 8, 1952, with a dedication address from then President-Elect Dwight D. Eisenhower. The station originally operated on 88.1 MHz with 10 watts of power but eventually moved to 91.5 MHz and increased to 1,300 watts effective radiated power. 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In 1983, he fronted the contemporary jazz group, Windows, which delivered four top 10 radio records punctuated by the album, \"The French Laundry,\" which reached number one on the radio charts. Wise's solo debut onto the music scene came with the 1989 Top 30 Single, \"Standing Outside in the Rain\" on the European pop charts. Partnering with producer Les Pierce in 1994, Colour Club was born, delivering three albums from JVC America, with the self-titled album reaching number seven on the radio charts. Several videos and singles in the US and Japan helped establish Colour Club as a pioneer in the acid jazz movement of the 1990s. Best known for his music recording career, Wise is also the co-founder of Blue Microphones, the highly respected audio manufacturer. In 1999, Skipper left the music industry to dedicate his time and passion full-time to Blue Microphones. 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Four days after Britain and France declared war on Germany, on September 7, 1939, the Federal Communications Commission assigned call letters WRUL (for World Radio University Listeners) to the station. As it had a large worldwide listening audience, which regularly corresponded with the station and a high power transmitter it was seen by British Security Co-ordination, a covert organization that the British Secret Intelligence Service established in New York City as a vehicle for conducting political warfare on behalf of the British. The station was transmitting mostly in English so BSC provided through third parties the finance, translators, and foreign language announcers to produce high-quality programming in other languages. BSC also provided the material to be broadcast and so by 1941 WRUL had become unknowingly an arm of the BSC though outwardly independent and believing itself to be so. From 1939 to 1942, WRUL broadcast radio lectures to Europe and South America in eight languages, and also in the United States over an informal network of over 300 stations.\n\nLike all United States shortwave stations, in November 1942 the U.S. government leased WRUL for further wartime propaganda broadcasts. In 1946, station president Walter Lemmon requested return of control over the station from the War Communications Board. WRUL was allowed to resume partial independent programming in 1947, and full independent programming in 1954. Metromedia bought the station in 1960. In June 1962, International Educational Broadcasting Corporation, owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, bought WRUL. On June 1, 1966, WRUL changed its call letters to WNYW, which stood for Radio New York Worldwide. \n\n", "placeNames": [ "Massachusetts", "Massachusetts--Boston" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "public-broadcasting", "title": "Public broadcasting" }, { "id": "educational-broadcasting", "title": "Educational broadcasting" }, { "id": "public-radio", "title": "Public radio" } ], "airtableId": "recyeLTDvmbZ7vyRK" }, "snac": { "snacId": "87810531", "description": "

WRUL was the call sign for the radio station that began as W1XAL in Boston, Massachusetts, which was founded on October 15, 1927. Four days after Britain and France declared war on Germany, on September 7, 1939, the Federal Communications Commission assigned call letters WRUL (for World Radio University Listeners) to the station. As it had a large worldwide listening audience, which regularly corresponded with the station and a high power transmitter it was seen by British Security Co-ordination, a covert organization that the British Secret Intelligence Service established in New York City as a vehicle for conducting political warfare on behalf of the British. The station was transmitting mostly in English so BSC provided through third parties the finance, translators, and foreign language announcers to produce high-quality programming in other languages. BSC also provided the material to be broadcast and so by 1941 WRUL had become unknowingly an arm of the BSC though outwardly independent and believing itself to be so. From 1939 to 1942, WRUL broadcast radio lectures to Europe and South America in eight languages, and also in the United States over an informal network of over 300 stations.

\n

Like all United States shortwave stations, in November 1942 the U.S. government leased WRUL for further wartime propaganda broadcasts. In 1946, station president Walter Lemmon requested return of control over the station from the War Communications Board. WRUL was allowed to resume partial independent programming in 1947, and full independent programming in 1954. Metromedia bought the station in 1960. In June 1962, International Educational Broadcasting Corporation, owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, bought WRUL. On June 1, 1966, WRUL changed its call letters to WNYW, which stood for Radio New York Worldwide.

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The two part documentary ‘No Plan, No Peace: The inside story of Iraq's descent into chaos' was produced by BBC Current Affairs and broadcast on the 28th and 29th October 2007.

From the guide to the BBC Documentary: ‘No Plan, No Peace' Collection, 2007, (Middle East Centre Archive, St Antony's College, Oxford)

In December 1981, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a series of 13 controversial programmes by its Religious Affairs Correspondent, Gerald Priestland, under the title Priestland's Progress . They generated a large correspondent from listeners.

From the guide to the BBC Radio, Priestland's Progress, 1981, (University of Sussex Library)

The BBC was established in 1922.

From the guide to the BBC TAPE COLLECTION, 1964 - 1987, (University of Reading, Museum of English Rural Life)

Between 1977 and 1985 the BBC broadcast a radio series on consumer problems called Checkpoint, hosted by Roger Cook.

From the guide to the BBC Radio, Checkpoint, 1977-1985, (University of Sussex Library)

In 1984, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a series of controversial programmes by its Religious Affairs Correspondent, Gerald Priestland, under the title The Case against God . They generated a correspondent from listeners.

From the guide to the BBC Radio, The Case against God, 1984, (University of Sussex Library)

Fuller was an employee of the BBC in the New York office. The other BBC employees were all located in the London office: Goldschmidt was in charge of German music programs; Glock was Controller and Abraham Assistant Controller of the music department; Walford was Head of Copyright; and Simpson was a producer and broadcaster. Ratz was the president of the Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft.

From the description of Correspondence with Alma Mahler and Franz Werfel, 1943-1963. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155863009

The Third Programme of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was inaugurated on September 29, 1946, as part of the BBC's post-war restructuring of radio into three networks. Responding to the public's growing interest in the arts, which BBC programs during World War II had helped to foster, the BBC instituted three complementary networks designed not only to inform and entertain, but to educate the public as well: the Home Service, the Light Programme, and the Third Programme. The Home Service provided a broad range of news, educational, and entertainment services and was the principal channel. The Light Programme, as the name implies, offered lighter fare which was intended purely for relaxation and amusement purposes. The Third Programme was more serious in nature and catered to an esoteric audience. Its purpose, as outlined by Sir William Haley, was to present \"the great classical repertoire in music and drama, and, so far as they are broadcastable, in literature and the other arts,\" things \"culturally satisfying and significant.\" The BBC defined the program as \"being for the educated rather than an educational programme.\" The esoteric nature of the Third Programme proved to be detrimental rather than beneficial to the BBC. Although the BBC was generally praised for its noble ambition of raising cultural standards, the Third Programme's small following made the program less than cost-efficient. Saddled with rising production costs and stung by criticism of the Third Programme's elitist tendencies, the BBC decided in 1957 to curtail the program. Its decision was met with much protest, which came primarily from a small but highly organized following. Several hundred constituents organized The Third Programme Defense Society and enlisted support from a number of well-known intellectuals such as T. S. Eliot, Albert Camus, and Sir Laurence Olivier, who headed the Society's seven-man delegation. Despite the Society's efforts, the Third Programme was truncated--its air time was reduced from 40 to 24 hours a week--but was otherwise materially unaltered. It continued to offer a combination of spoken word and music, though with fewer repeats and fewer long speeches, until 1970. At that point, aware of listener divisions the three-network system had perpetrated, BBC virtually phased out the Third Programme, allotting it only eight hours per week and merging much of the program's material with that of Radio Four, which had been developed for a more general audience.

Paulu, Burton. British Broadcasting in Transition. Minneapolis: Universityof Minnesota Press, 1961. Whitehead, Kate. The Third Programme: A Literary History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

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This collection of transparencies was used by representatives of the Atomic Energy Commission (A.E.C.) during a presentation before the Alaska House State Affairs Committee, April 4, 1970, in Juneau. At the time of the presentation, the A.E.C. was planning a second underground nuclear test on Amchitka Island in 1971, code-named CANNIKIN. Testimony was heard from several groups against a second test as well as adverse testimony about the first test which took place in October, 1969 and was code named MILROW.

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WBEZ is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Chicago, Illinois, and primarily serving the Chicago metropolitan area. Financed by corporate underwriting, government funding and listener contributions, the station is affiliated with both National Public Radio and Public Radio International; it also broadcasts content from American Public Media. The station and its parent organization were previously known as Chicago Public Radio; since 2010, the parent company has been known as Chicago Public Media. Some of the organization's output—including nationally syndicated productions This American Life and Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!—is branded as either from WBEZ or Chicago Public Media. The station first went on air in 1943, as instructional programming for Chicago Public Schools. Content covered all grade levels and a variety of subjects. In its early years, the station only broadcast instructional programs, and only operated when Chicago Public Schools were open. The station joined National Public Radio in 1970, and was sold by the Chicago Board of Education in 1990.

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WTOM was one of the first AM radio stations in Bloomington, Indiana.

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McPhee was born on Mar. 15, 1900 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada; graduated from Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, MD (1921) and studied in Paris with Paul Le Flem (1924-6) and in New York with Edgard Varèse (ca. 1927); he was based in the US from 1926, except for the years he spent in Indonesia; went to Bali in the early 1930s after having heard recordings of Indonesian music, where he composed the toccata Tabuh-Tabuhan; his books A house in Bali (1946), Dance in Bali (1948), and Music in Bali (1966) gained him an international recognition as an authority on Balinese culture; he also wrote 2 symphonies, concerti, scores for 2 experimental films, piano pieces, and Balinese ceremonial music for orchestra; during the last 6 years of his life, McPhee was a UCLA faculty member; died on Jan. 7, 1946 in Los Angeles.

From the description of Collection of musical manuscripts, books, and scores, 1929-1962. (University of California, Los Angeles). WorldCat record id: 40176029

Commissioned by the Serge Koussevitzky Music Foundation in the Library of Congress. Composed 1954. Dedicated to the memory of Serge and Natalie Koussevitzky.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Transitions : for orchestra / by Colin McPhee. 1954. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 52951672

Biography

McPhee was born on Mar. 15, 1900 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada; graduated from Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, MD (1921) and studied in Paris with Paul Le Flem (1924-6) and in New York with Edgard Varèse (ca. 1927); he was based in the US from 1926, except for the years he spent in Indonesia; went to Bali in the early 1930s after having heard recordings of Indonesian music, where he composed the toccata Tabuh-Tabuhan; his books A house in Bali (1946), Dance in Bali (1948), and Music in Bali (1966) gained him an international recognition as an authority on Balinese culture; he also wrote 2 symphonies, concerti, scores for 2 experimental films, piano pieces, and Balinese ceremonial music for orchestra; during the last 6 years of his life, McPhee was a UCLA faculty member; died on Jan. 7, 1946 in Los Angeles.

From the guide to the Colin McPhee Collection, 1929-1962, (University of California, Los Angeles. Library. Performing Arts Special Collections)

Biography

In the 1930s, Colin McPhee lived in Bali where he studied the sacred gamelan tradition and other musical genres. When he worked in New York during the 1940s, he was among the talented, young generation of composers that included Aaron Copeland and Henry Cowell. In California, where he died in 1964, he contributed greatly to the study of world music. McPhee was a faculty member of the Music Department at UCLA from 1960-1964. Besides his musical talents, he was an excellent photographer (as seen in the Archive's collection). His publications include A Club of Small Men (1948), A House in Bali (1947), and Music of Bali (1956). A review of a biography written by Carol Oja, Colin McPhee: Composer in Two Worlds, is available here. More information about the Archive's Colin McPhee Collection is available here.

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The college was founded in 1837 as the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary by Mary Lyon, a pioneer in education for women. A model upon which many other women's colleges were patterned, it is the oldest institution within the Seven Sisters schools, an alliance of East Coast liberal arts colleges that was originally created to provide women with education equivalent to that provided in the then men-only Ivy League. Mount Holyoke is part of the region's Five College Consortium, along with Amherst College, Smith College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst: through this membership, students are allowed to take courses at any other member institution. \n\nMount Holyoke Female Seminary opened on November 8, 1837 with 116 students. The first graduating class of three students received diplomas on August 23, 1838. Initially, homemaking, teaching and missionary work were the only occupations open to alumnae. 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A number of these women have been honored on United States postage stamps or with induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame. -- From the guide to the Students and Alumnae Profiles and Statistics Collection RG 23., 1882-present, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)", "image": "../images/wikipedia/mount-holyoke-college.png", "altNames": [ "MHC", "Mount Holyoke Female Seminary", "Mt Holyoke College", "Mt. 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The first official publication of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary was a catalogue issued in 1837 containing information about trustees, teachers, terms of admission, the course of study, the schedule for the year, Family Accommodations, and the Moral and Religious Influence at the school. Subsequent catalogues (with periodic updates) trace the growth of the institution and provide detailed information about the academic program and residential life for students at the College. These publications have been supplemented by courses of instruction booklets,, catalogues for summer sessions held during World War II, course evaluations, and handbooks providing guidance for new students as well as teachers and administrators serving as academic advisers. Class schedules were first issued in 1893 showing meeting times and locations and instructors of individual courses. Beginning in 1845, Mount Holyoke administrators compiled registers and directories listing names and addresses of teachers and students. Weekly calendars first issued in November 1905 initially listed events at the College. In 1983, these lists began including more detailed information about lectures, special programs, renovations to buildings, and other subjects of interest to members of the Mount Holyoke community.

From the guide to the Catalogs, Registers, and Directories RG 10., 1837-2010, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Mary Lyon, the founder of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, was Principal of the school from 1837 until her death in 1849. Her successors as Principal were Mary C. Whitman (1849-1850), Mary W. Chapin (1850-1865), Sophia D. Stoddard (Acting Principal, 1865-1867), and Helen M. French (1867-1872). In 1888, Elizabeth Blanchard, who had served as Principal since 1883, was named Acting President when Mount Holyoke's charter was changed to allow the school to grant degrees. Mary A. Brigham was elected President in 1889, but died in a railway accident on the way to assume her duties. Louise F. Cowles was Acting President until Elizabeth Storrs Mead became the first non-alumna President of the College in 1890. Her successor, Mary Emma Woolley, was elected President in 1900, took office in 1901, and served until 1937. In a controversial appointment, Roswell Gray Ham then became Mount Holyoke's first male President. His successor, Richard Glenn Gettell, was President until his resignation in 1968. Academic Dean and history professor Meribeth E. Cameron, who had served as Acting President when Presidents Ham and Gettell were on leave in 1954 and 1966, filled that office once again until David B. Truman became President in 1978. His successors as President have been Elizabeth T. Kennan (1978-1995) and Joanne V. Creighton (1996-present). History professor Joseph J. Ellis was Acting President for the spring semester in 1984 when President Kennan was on sabbatical, English professor Peter Berek served as Interim President from June-December 1985, and psychology and education professor Beverly D. Tatum was Acting President for the spring semester in 2002 when President Creighton was on sabbatical.

From the guide to the Principals and Presidents Reports RG 4. 1., 1867-1985, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Mary Lyon, the founder of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, was Principal of the school from 1837 until her death in 1849. Her successors as Principal were Mary C. Whitman (1849-1850), Mary W. Chapin (1850-1865), Sophia D. Stoddard (Acting Principal, 1865-1867), and Helen M. French (1867-1872). In 1888, Elizabeth Blanchard, who had served as Principal since 1883, was named Acting President when Mount Holyoke's charter was changed to allow the school to grant degrees. Mary A. Brigham was elected President in 1889, but died in a railway accident on the way to assume her duties. Louise F. Cowles was Acting President until Elizabeth Storrs Mead became the first non-alumna President of the College in 1890. Her successor, Mary Emma Woolley, was elected President in 1900, took office in 1901, and served until 1937. In a controversial appointment, Roswell Gray Ham then became Mount Holyoke's first male President. His successor, Richard Glenn Gettell, was President until his resignation in 1968. Academic Dean and history professor Meribeth E. Cameron, who had served as Acting President when Presidents Ham and Gettell were on leave in 1954 and 1966, filled that office once again until David B. Truman became President in 1978. His successors as President have been Elizabeth T. Kennan (1978-1995) and Joanne V. Creighton (1996-present). History professor Joseph J. Ellis was Acting President for the spring semester in 1984 when President Kennan was on sabbatical, English professor Peter Berek served as Interim President from June-December 1995, and psychology and education professor Beverly D. Tatum was Acting President for the spring semester in 2002 when President Creighton was on sabbatical. Lynn Pasquerella, a 1980 graduate of Mount Holyoke, became President of the College on July 1, 2010.

From the guide to the Principals and Presidents Biographical Files RG 4. 2., ca. 1875-, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Members of he Mount Holyoke College Board of Trustees are responsible for monitoring the overall welfare of the College by overseeing the institution's finances, admissions policies, curriculum, student life, development, and buildings and grounds. Board members also play a role in the selection of Presidents of the College as well as those who receive honorary degrees from Mount Holyoke. The Board was established in 1836 and consisted of several \"benevolent gentlemen\" who helped Mary Lyon plan a school for the higher education of women and would its own property and not be a for-profit venture. The original trustees were Joseph Avery, William Bowdoin, David Choate, Joseph Condit, Roswell Hawks, Edward Hitchcock, Heman Humphrey, Andrew W. Potter, Daniel Safford, John Todd, William Tyler, and Samuel Williston. The first woman trustee, Sarah Williston, was appointed to the Board in 1884. Mount Holyoke Principals and Presidents have also been members of the Board since that year. In 1892, in an effort to strengthen the cooperation between the Board and alumnae in planning for the growth and welfare of Mount Holyoke, the trustees invited alumnae of the College to nominate one individual annually to serve on the Board for a three-year term. The trustees changed this practice in 1899 by asking the Alumnae Association to submit names of three alumnae candidates to fill each vacancy on the Board. The practice of adding a Young Alumnae Trustee to the Board began in 1970. The trustees have diverse backgrounds and are primarily drawn from academia, human services, politics and government, and the corporate world. Notable individuals who have served on the Board include Virginia Apgar (Class of 1929), Germaine Bree, Barbara Cassani (Class of 1982), Mary Phylinda Dole (Class of 1886), A. Bartlett Giamatti, August Heckscher, Alice Stone Ilchman (Class of 1957), Henry Plimpton Kendall, Janet Brewster Murrow (Class of 1933), Frances Perkins (Class of 1902), Gloria Johnson Powell (Class of 1958), Joseph and William Skinner, and Henry A. Stimson.

From the guide to the Trustees Biographical Files RG 3. 2., ca. 1836-, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Mount Holyoke Female Seminary was established by educator Mary Lyon, who in 1832 began making plans for a school for the higher education of women that would own its own property and not be a for-profit venture. She enlisted the support of several clergymen and businessmen in and around Ipswich, Massachusetts, where she had been working as a teacher at Ipswich Female Seminary since 1828. Seven of these individuals - David Choate, Daniel Dana, Joseph Felt, George W. Heard, Edward Hitchcock, Asa Howland, and Theophilus Packard - formed a committee in September, 1834 that selected South Hadley, Massachusetts as the location for the school and worked to obtain a charter for the institution from the legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts that was granted on February 11, 1836. Mount Holyoke Female Seminary opened on November 7, 1837. The academic program expanded from three to four years in 1861/62 and students who completed the prescribed course of study received diplomas. In the late 1880s, in response to competition from degree-granting women's colleges, Mount Holyoke successfully petitioned the state legislature for a charter change that was granted on March 8, 1888. At that time, the name of the school changed to Mount Holyoke Seminary and College and the first degrees were awarded on June 27, 1889. The Seminary Program that did not lead to a degree was phased out and another change to the charter granted on January 31, 1893 marked the institution's transformation into Mount Holyoke College.

From the guide to the Origins and Governance Collection RG 2., 1834-present, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

The Mount Holyoke College War Collection brings together a wide range of materials that show how students, faculty, administrators, and alumnae of the College responded to various wars from the United States Civil War (1861-1865) to the Iraq War (2003-present). Most of the collection consists of records created by College departments, offices, and committees, including the Office of the President, the Appointment Bureau, the News Bureau, the Public Relations Office, and the Alumnae Association. The collection also includes newspaper articles, records of local, national, and international war-related committees, and materials received from alumnae and other donors.

From the guide to the Mount Holyoke College War Collection RG 30., 1860-present, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

The first administrator and teacher at Mount Holyoke was Mary Lyon, the founder of the school who was Principal from 1837 until her death in 1849 as well as a teacher in chemistry classes. Initially, she hired Eunice Caldwell as Associate Principal with Amanda A. Hodgman and Mary W. Smith as additional teachers. Lyon also relied on founding members of Mount Holyoke's Board of Trustees to assist her with managing the institution's finances and supervising the construction, furnishing, and maintenance of the Seminary Building where students and teachers lived and worked. She soon began hiring Mount Holyoke graduates as teachers at the school, a practice that continued for much of the nineteenth century. Teachers usually taught a variety of subjects and often supervised the domestic work system Lyon established whereby students did most of the cooking, cleaning, and laundry at the school (thus keeping the tuition rate low by eliminating the need for a paid staff). Men were hired to perform heavy manual labor and a Steward was responsible for the overall maintenance and upkeep of buildings and grounds. Trustees continued to act as Treasurers of Mount Holyoke until the early twentieth century. Other early staff members included a librarian (Mary O. Nutting, Class of 1852) and the Director of the Observatory (Elisabeth Bardwell, Class of 1866).

Teachers began specializing in particular subjects in the late 1880s. Elizabeth Mead, President of Mount Holyoke from 1890-1900, required teachers to earn a Ph.D. in their respective fields and by 1896 faculty were organized into a formal group which held regular meetings and actively shaped the College's curriculum. The first male teachers, Asa Kinney (botany) and William Churchill Hammond (music), were hired in 1899. When Mount Holyoke began a graduate program in the 1890s, graduate students (including those from countries other than the United States) began working as teaching or laboratory assistants at the College. The first paid sabbaticals were granted to faculty in 1925. Mount Holyoke's faculty has steadily become increasingly diverse in response to changes in the curriculum and the College's affirmative action initiatives.

The College has created many staff positions to meet the growth and changing needs of the school. For example, the first Registrar, Caroline Boardman Greene (Class of 1889) was appointed in 1893 and Florence Purington (Class of 1886) became the first Dean of the College in 1907. When students began living in separate dormitories after the destruction of the Seminary Building by fire in 1896, house mothers were hired to oversee students' activities in each residence. Maids and other staff were hired in increasing numbers after the domestic work system ended in 1914. Other staff members have been appointed as needed, such as those who support the technological needs of faculty and staff as employees of Library, Information, and Technology Services.

From the guide to the Faculty and Staff Biographical Files RG 19., circa 1837-, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Mount Holyoke Female Seminary opened on November 8, 1837 with 116 students. The first graduating class of three students received diplomas on August 23, 1838. Initially, homemaking, teaching and missionary work were the only occupations open to alumnae. By the middle of the nineteenth century, however, increasing numbers of alumnae had entered professions such as social work, librarianship, journalism, medicine, and law. Notable alumnae include poet Emily Dickinson; women's rights advocate Lucy Stone; Olympia Brown, the first woman to become a full-time ordained minister; physician and anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar; playwrights Wendy Wasserstein and Suzan-Lori Parks; Frances Perkins, the first woman to serve as a member of the cabinet of a United States President; and Ella Grasso, the first women elected a state governor in her own right (not as the successor of her husband). A number of these women have been honored on United States postage stamps or with induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame. The Alumnae Association of Mount Holyoke College has also recognized the achievements and contributions of alumnae with a variety of awards including the Alumnae Medal of Honor and the Mary Lyon Award.

Although Mount Holyoke was established as a non-denominational school, most students during the nineteenth century were affiliated with Protestant denominations and the student body was not geographically, racially or ethnically diverse until the mid-twentieth century. The first Native American students, Elinor S. and Mary H. Boudinot (also spelled Boudinott), attended Mount Holyoke in the 1840s and were the daughters of an assimilated Cherokee father. The first known African American student at Mount Holyoke was Hortense Parker, Class of 1883. The first students born outside the United States came to Mount Holyoke from Canada or the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii) in the 1840s. The first student from Japan, Toshi Miyagawa enrolled in 1889 and the first students from China, Chi Nyok Wang and Ysu Tsit Law, graduated in 1916. Latina and Asian American women began attending Mount Holyoke in the 1930s. In 2010, Mount Holyoke enrolled students from 48 states and nearly 70 countries. On average, approximately one in every three undergraduates is an international citizen or an African American, Asian American, Latina, Native American, or multiracial student.

From the guide to the Students and Alumnae Profiles and Statistics Collection RG 23., 1882-present, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

Mount Holyoke Female Seminary on November 8, 1837 with one hundred and sixteen students. The first graduating class of three students received diplomas on August 23, 1838. During much of the nineteenth century, each entering student took placement examinations to determine her placement in a particular class. Students were initially organized into three classes (Junior, Middle, and Senior) and until the late 1880s all students followed a set curriculum which focused on the mastery of specific textbooks and laboratory work in the sciences. In the fall of 1861, the curriculum expanded to a four-year program with students organized in Junior, Junior Middle, Senior Middle, and Senior classes. These class designations underwent some changes throughout the years until the s terms Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior were adopted in 1890. In the fall of 1989, Freshmen became known as First Year students.

In response to competition from degree-granting women's colleges established in the 1860s-1870s, Mount Holyoke's administrators petitioned the legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for a change in the school's charter. A new charter granted on March 8, 1888 changed the name of the institution to Mount Holyoke Seminary and College and allowed the school to award Bachelor's degrees, the first of which were presented at Commencement in 1889. With an additional charter change on January 31, 1893 the name of the school became Mount Holyoke College. From 1889-1902, Mount Holyoke presented Bachelor of Literature and Bachelor of Science degrees as well as Bachelor of Arts degrees. From 1889/1890-1898/1899, students followed a Classical, Literary, or Scientific course of study. There was also a Seminary program from 1888/89-1892/1893 which enabled students who had enrolled before 1888 to receive a diploma for their work. In 1889/1900, students began pursuing major work in specific disciplines and elective courses were introduced into the curriculum.

Mount Holyoke has also offered a wide variety of other programs for students. The option for pursuing graduate study became available in 1880/1881 when an Advanced Course for Mount Holyoke graduates was first offered and by 1923/1924 a program of graduate study for all qualified women was well-established. A course of study leading to a Master of Arts began in 1893/1894 and expanded in 1935/1936 to include a Master of Arts in Teaching program which was offered through 1975/1976. Helen C. Flint, Class of 1891 received the first M.A. degree awarded by the College in 1895. In 1966/1967, the graduate program was open to men as well as women and in 1968 Thomas Kelley became the first man to receive a degree (Master of Arts in Teaching) from the College. The Frances Perkins Program for women of non-traditional age who wish to complete the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree was established in 1980. Other special programs have included those for teachers wishing to improve their mastery of specific disciplines or for students from other countries who are interested in spending time at a college in the United States. Students enrolled in graduate or special programs have often received scholarships or fellowship from the College and worked as teaching assistants, interns, or residence hall staff while pursuing their studies.

From the guide to the Alumnae Biographical Files RG 27. 1, RG 27. 2, RG 27. 3., circa 1831-present, (Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections)

In an 1835 pamphlet outlining her plans for Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, Mary Lyon stated that one of the goals of the school would be to cultivate the missionary spirit among its pupils. Soon after the Seminary opened on November 8, 1837 alumnae began serving as missionaries in the United States and in other countries, where they opened and staffed influential schools, brought aid to orphans and others, and supported social reforms to improve the lives of girls and women. Alumnae were affiliated with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), a Congregational Church organization founded in 1810, or with the missionary boards of other Protestant denominations. The first alumna missionary was Charlotte Bailey (1838), who worked with her husband, Aldin Grout, among the Zulus in South Africa. Other notable foreign missionaries during the nineteenth century were Fidelia Fiske (1842, Persia); Lyon's nieces Abigail Moore Burgess (1838, India) and Lucy Lyon Lord (1840, China); Charlotte and Mary Ely (1861, Armenia); Alice Gordon Gulick (1867, Spain); and Mary Otis Preston Spafford (1879, South Africa). Alumnae were also missionaries to the Cherokee and other Native Americans and to former African American slaves. Members of the Mount Holyoke community actively supported this work by raising funds for alumnae missionaries and establishing a number of organizations for students interested in missionary service, including the Student Volunteer Band and the College's chapter of the Young Women's Christian Association. Many missionaries and officials from mission boards also presented lectures and programs at Mount Holyoke.

The missionary service of alumnae continued in the twentieth century, exemplified by the work of Alice Browne Frame (1900) in China, Charlotte Allen Ward (1903) in Lebanon and Turkey, Ruth Parker White (1917) in India, Katharine Merrill (1917) in Japan, and Leila Childs Edling (1917) in Angola. Elsie Kimball (1909) and numerous other alumnae supported Near East Relief efforts in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia during and after World War I, while Grace Bacon (1918), Florence Brugger (1922), and many other Mount Holyoke women worked for the American Red Cross and other organizations during both world wars. Beginning in the 1960s, Gena Lee Reisner (1964) and other alumnae demonstrated the College's missionary spirit by joining the Peace Corps, Teach for America, and other initiatives designed to bring education and health care to those in need. Mount Holyoke students such as Sandra Nichols Ward (1965) engaged in this work as undergraduates by participating in Operation Crossroads Africa and similar programs.

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Elmer Griffith Sulzer had a distinguished career as a college professor at the University of Kentucky and Indiana University. He was a multifaceted individual with interests from jazz to geology. As he grew older his writing more and more reflected his life-long love of trains and their history. Sulzer collected railroadiana everywhere he went, both domestically and internationally, and wrote five books and more than fifty articles on rail topics for railroad specialized journals. He was a leading expert on abandoned rail lines.

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Writer, columnist.

From the description of Reminiscences of Edgar Ansel Mowrer : oral history, 1968. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309741672

Journalist Edgar Ansel Mowrer (died 1977) and author Lilian Thomson (1889-1990) were married in 1916; both wrote and lectured on politics and world affairs.

From the description of Edgar Ansel Mowrer and Lilian T. Mowrer papers, 1898-1978 (bulk 1933-1978). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70979826

Biographical Notes

Edgar Ansel Mowrer

1892, Mar. 8Born, Bloomington, Ill.1913A.B., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.1914War correspondent in France and Belgium for the Chicago Daily News1916Married Lilian Thomson1933Published Germany Puts the Clock Back. New York: W. MorrowAwarded Pulitzer Prize in journalismElected president, Foreign Press Association19331940Head, Chicago Daily News bureau, Paris, France1942Deputy director, U.S. Office of Facts and Figures19421943Deputy director, U.S. Office of War Information1943Started newspaper column, \"Edgar Mowrer on World Affairs\"1947Helped organize Americans for Democratic Action1948Published The Nightmare of American Foreign Policy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf1952Began second newspaper column, \"What's Your Question on World Affairs?\"19561960American editor, Western World magazine1968Published Triumph and Turmoil: A Personal History of Our Time. New York: Weybright and Talley19691976Moved to Wonalancet, N.H.Columnist, Manchester Union Leader, Manchester, N.H.19721973Wrote \"Freedom Diary (A Crucial Year)\"1973Published, with Lilian T. Mowrer, Umano and the Price of Lasting Peace. New York: Philosophical Library1977, Mar. 2Died, Madeira, Madeira Islands

Lilian T. Mowrer

1889, Sept. 2Born, London, England1907Student, Sorbonne University, Paris, France19111913Student, Liverpool University, Liverpool, England1916Married Edgar Ansel Mowrer1937Published Journalist's Wife. New York: W. Morrow1941Published Arrest and Exile. New York: W. Morrow1942Published Rip Tide of Aggression. New York: W. Morrow19431949District of Columbia chairman, Women's Action Committee for Lasting Peace1952Published The United States and World Relations. New York: Harper1960Published The Indomitable John Scott. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy1973Published, with Edgar Ansel Mowrer, Umano and the Price of Lasting Peace. New York: Philosophical Library1990, Sept. 30Died, Chicago, Ill.From the guide to the Edgar Ansel Mowrer and Lilian T. Mowrer Papers, 1898-1978, (bulk 1933-1975), (Manuscript Division Library of Congress)", "birthDate": "1892-03-08", "deathDate": "3/2/1977", "altNames": [ "Mowrer, Edgar Ansel, 1892-1977" ], "subjects": [ "Journalists--Interviews", "National socialism", "Papacy--History--1929-1945", "Op-ed pages", "World War, 1939-1945--Religious aspects--Catholic Church", "American periodicals", "International organization", "Reconstruction (1939-1951)", "Journalism", "Fascism", "Letters to the editor", "Detente", "International relations", "Authors--Interviews", "American newspapers", "World politics" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Soviet Union", "Italy", "France", "Germany", "China" ], "occupations": [ "Authors", "Lecturers" ], "airtableId": "recW8uXFO6D8aW5MQ" }, "airtableId": "recN1zIFuSi0D4Brx" }, { "id": "romano-amelia", "name": "Romano, Amelia", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recN2QEd1im8RCDyI" }, { "id": "jordan-clarence", "name": "Jordan, Clarence", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q5126618", "name": "Clarence Jordan", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American bible translator", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Jordan", "birthDate": "1912-07-29T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1969-10-29T00:00:00Z", "description": "Clarence Jordan (July 29, 1912 – October 29, 1969), a farmer and New Testament Greek scholar, was the founder of Koinonia Farm, a small but influential religious community in southwest Georgia and the author of the Cotton Patch paraphrase of the New Testament. He was also instrumental in the founding of Habitat for Humanity. His nephew, Hamilton Jordan, served as White House Chief of Staff during the Jimmy Carter administration. Jordan was born in Talbotton, Georgia, as the seventh of ten children to James Weaver and Maude Josey Jordan, prominent citizens of that small town. From an early age the young Jordan was troubled by the racial and economic injustice that he perceived in his community. Hoping to improve the lot of sharecroppers through scientific farming techniques, Jordan enrolled in the University of Georgia, earning a degree in agriculture in 1933. During his college years, however, Jordan became convinced that the roots of poverty were spiritual as well as economic. This conviction led him to the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, from which he earned a Th.M. and a Ph.D. in the Greek New Testament in 1938. He was ordained as a Southern Baptist minister. While at seminary Jordan met Florence Kroeger, and the couple were soon married. ", "occupation": [ "translator", "Bible translator" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50038354" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/72531305" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50038354" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62b9bnz" ], "placeNames": [ "Georgia", "Georgia--Americus" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "missionaries", "title": "Missionaries" } ], "airtableId": "recVcCoIgjRW6ShAj" }, "snac": { "snacId": "14084728", "description": "

Southern Baptist advocate for racial equality. Graduated from the University of Georgia with a degree in Agriculture in 1933, and from the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (Ph. D.) in 1939. Founded Koinonia Farms near Americus, Georgia in 1942. Also known for \"Cotton Patch\" translations of Paul's Epistles, Luke, and Acts, published in 1968 and 1969.

From the description of Collection, 1939-1987. (Hudson Valley Community College). WorldCat record id: 55739218

Clarence Jordan (1912-1969), a white Southern Baptist minister, cofounded Koinonia Farm in Sumter County and translated many New Testament books into the \"Cotton Patch\" versions, colloquial interpretations set in the American South. Jordan committed his ministry to racial reconciliation and economic justice. A gifted preacher and teacher, he was a popular and frequent speaker at progressive religious gatherings across the United States from the 1940s through the 1960s.

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Broadcasting executive.

General manager, WQED, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; president, National Educational Television; president, Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art.

From the description of Papers. 1955-1982. (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 31905124

John F. White was born on October 11, 1917 in Waukegan, Illinois to the Reverend Edward Sydney and Lilah McCormick White. He was educated at the Harvard School for Boys and Hyde Park High School. He received his B.A. from Lawrence College in Appleton, Wisconsin in 1941. In 1944, he received his masters degree at the University of Chicago. During the early 1960s, White received several honorary degrees including an LH.D. from Lawrence College in 1961 and a LL.D. from Cornell College in Iowa in 1964. He married Joan Glasow in May of 1943 with whom he would have three children Susan, Michael, and Christopher.

From 1941 to 1944, White was the Admissions Counsellor at Lawrence. White returned to Illinois in 1944 to become the Director of Admissions at the Illinois Institute of Technology. White stayed at the Illinois Institute of Technology for six years. He served as Assistant Dean of Students from 1945 to 1946, Dean of Students from 1946 to 1948, and Dean and Director of the Development Program from 1948 to 1950. In 1950, White left the Institute of Technology for Western Reserve University where he was offered the position of Vice President. During his five year tenure, White made his initial move into educational broadcasting as he pioneered development of television as an educational tool at Western Reserve.

He left his job as Vice President in 1955 to move to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and to become the General Manager of WQED . During 1956, he lectured at the University of Pittsburgh. WQED won the Peabody Award for its programming in 1957. White left WQED in 1958 to become President of the National Educational Television and Radio Center . During his tenure as President, there were a few unsuccessful attempts to bring educational television to the New York City area. White helped form Educational Television for the Metropolitan Area Inc. in 1961 and served as its secretary and as a board member to further this goal. In 1962, WNDT New York went on the air, becoming one of the country's outstanding ETV operations by 1968. In 1963, the National Educational Television and Radio Center put aside all its functions except for non-instructional television programming. It changed its name to National Educational Television and focused on cultural and public affairs programming. John White served as president of the National Educational Television and Radio Center from 1963 to 1969 .

After eleven years in public broadcasting, White returned to education in 1969 to serve as President of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. During this period, he began collaborating on a history of public broadcasting that was never completed. He retired from active work in 1990 but he continued to work as a consultant for the Aspen Institute from 1980 to 1988.

White was very active in his community through directorships in several companies including Orange and Rockland Utilities Inc. and Viacom International Inc. and participation in local clubs such as the Century, Tuxedo, and University Clubs. He was also an active church member. He served as Trustee of St. John the Divine in New York City from 1978 to 1988 and as a Vestryman of St. Mary's Church in Tuxedo Park from 1979 to 1986.

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Harold Eugene Hill was born on September 7, 1918. He earned his B.S. from the University of Illinois in 1940, the same year he entered the Army. Hill moved to reserve status in 1946 and worked as an instructor at the University of Illinois College of Journalism and Communications beginning in 1947 until 1954. During this time, he also served as an announcer, writer, producer, production director, and program director for WILL, the University of Illinois' educational radio station. In 1954 Hill earned his M.S. in Journalism from the University of Illinois, writing The National Association of Educational Broadcasters: A History in partial fulfillment of that degree.

\n

In 1954, Hill was hired as the Associate Director of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, and later became the Administrative Vice President. He served in this position until at least 1961.

\n

Hill also held several consultant, committee, and council positions, including Radio-TV consultant to the National Project in Agricultural Communications, service on the Executive Committee of the Audio-Visual Council on Public Information, the Council of National Organizations, the National Industry Advisory Committee of the Federal Communications Commission, and the Educational Media Council. Hill died on March 13, 2000.

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Arnold M. Rose was a University of Minnesota sociology professor, who was widely known for his studies on African Americans, the aged, mental health, and the unions in America. He was elected to the Minnesota legislature in 1962. In 1964, Rose successfully brought a libel suit against the Christian Research Inc. group, although the award was set aside by the State Supreme Court. The case was viewed as a defense of academic freedom.

From the description of Papers, 1935-1968. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). WorldCat record id: 63314463

Arnold Rose was born on 2 July 1918. He received his B.A. in sociology in 1938, his B.A. in economics in 1939, his M.A. in sociology in 1940, and his Ph.D. in sociology in 1946, all from the University of Chicago. Arnold Rose came to the University of Minnesota in 1949 as an associate professor of sociology, being promoted to full professorship in 1952.

Rose was widely known for his studies on African Americans, the aged, mental health, and unions in America. He was the author of 20 books and 150 articles. In 1941, at age 23, he assisted Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal on the research and writing of An American Dilemma: the Negro problem and modern democracy . Other books by Arnold Rose included The Negro in America, a condensation of Myrdal's book, published in 1948 and The Power Struggle, published in 1967, which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize.

Caroline Baer married Arnold Rose in 1943. She also served on the faculty in the Department of Sociology at the University of Minnesota and co-authored several books and articles with her husband.

In 1964, Rose successfully brought a libel suit against the right-wing Minneapolis group, Christian Research Inc., Gerda Koch, its head and Adolph Grinde. Rose charged the group had libeled him in an article that implied he was a Communist sympathizer because of his collaboration with Gunnar Myrdal. Rose won the suit, but the $20,000 in damages was thrown out by the Minnesota Supreme Court on the grounds that Rose was a public figure. The case was viewed as a defense of academic freedom.

Rose was elected to the Minnesota state legislature in 1962, serving the 41st District, which included the University of Minnesota, but declined to run again in 1966 after being diagnosed with cancer. Arnold Rose died on 2 January 1968 in Minneapolis at the age of 49.

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Its primary concert venue is Music Hall. In addition to its symphony concerts, the orchestra gives pops concerts as the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra. The Cincinnati Symphony is the resident orchestra for the Cincinnati May Festival, the Cincinnati Opera, and the Cincinnati Ballet. Additionally, the orchestra supports the Cincinnati Symphony Youth Orchestra (CSYO), a program for young musicians in grades 9 to 12. Several orchestras had existed in Cincinnati between 1825 and 1872. The immediate precursor ensemble to the current orchestra was the Cincinnati Orchestra, founded in 1872. In 1893, Helen Herron Taft founded the Cincinnati Orchestra Association, and the name of the orchestra was formalised to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra gave its first concerts in 1895 at Pike's Opera House. A year later, the orchestra moved to Music Hall. Its first conductor was Frank Van der Stucken, a Texas-born musician of Flemish ancestry, who served until 1907. 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Biographical/Historical note

Hanya Holm (born March 3, 1893, Worms, Germany – died November 3, 1992, New York City) is known as one of the \"Big Four\" founders of American modern dance. She was a dancer, choreographer, and above all, a dance educator.

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WFIU is a public radio FM station broadcasting from Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. The station is a member station of NPR, Public Radio International and American Public Media. Its program schedule consists of classical music, jazz, and news and information, with specialty programming on the weekends. WFIU's broadcast signal, and those of its translators, reaches portions of central, western, and southern Indiana. WFIU broadcasts in the HD Radio format. The station began broadcasting in 1950 after previous experimental initiatives by Indiana University. It was one of few radio stations to broadcast outside the frequency band initially designated for non-commercial radio, changing frequencies to 103.7 in 1951 after complaints of interference by viewers of a television station based in Indianapolis. In 1970, the station became a charter member of National Public Radio, and in 1990, it began broadcasting 24 hours per day.

\n From the combined records of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), held by the University of Maryland and the Wisconsin Historical Society, and compiled as part of the Unlocking the Airwaves project (unlockingtheairwaves.org).", "altNames": [ "WFIU" ], "subjects": [ "Public broadcasting", "Public broadcasting--United States", "Radio", "Educational broadcasting", "Public broadcasting--History--Sources", "Educational broadcasting--History", "Educational broadcasting--United States--History--Sources", "Public radio", "Public radio--History", "Radio broadcasting--20th century" ], "placeNames": [ "Bloomington (Ind.)", "Indiana" ], "associatedWith": [ "Indiana University", "National Public Radio (U.S.)" ], "sameAs": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7949323", "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82201298", "https://viaf.org/viaf/148952041", "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82201298" ], "airtableId": "recydQm1sgJvNP8OG" }, "airtableId": "recNrkigwBEq3z5V1" }, { "id": "red-clay-ramblers", "name": "Red Clay Ramblers", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7303901", "name": "Red Clay Ramblers", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Clay_Ramblers", "inceptionDate": "December 31, 1971", "description": "The Red Clay Ramblers are a North Carolina-based band founded in Durham, North Carolina, performing continuously since their formation in 1972. The current touring band has been together since 1987, with Jack Herrick (trumpet, bass), Bland Simpson (piano), Clay Buckner (fiddle), and Chris Frank (guitar). The original members included Mike Craver (guitar) Tommy Thompson (banjo), Bill Hicks (fiddle), and Jim Watson (mandolin, bass). Mike Craver joined Red Clay Ramblers in 1973, and recorded with them on their first record, which was released by Folkways under the title The Red Clay Ramblers with Fiddlin' Al McCanless. The quartet continued their recording career with Stolen Love on the Flying Fish label, recorded in 1974 and released in 1975 during their successful run in \"Diamond Studs.\" Jack Herrick joined the band in 1976 as a bass and trumpet player. The band recorded, concertized and performed in theatrical productions, most notably Diamond Studs (Bland Simpson/Jim Wann) off-Broadway in 1975. Their 1977 recording, Merchants Lunch, described a trucker's disastrous visit to a Nashville diner. (The diner still exists at the same location, but has been renamed the \"Merchant's Restaurant\"). ", "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81149795" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/133870934" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81149795" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66g0w1q" ], "airtableId": "recFu4ZXFk5DPVQG3" }, "snac": { "snacId": "45193953", "description": "

The Red Clay Ramblers began in 1972 as a trio of musicians who had been playing in and around Chapel Hill, N.C. Personnel has included Tommy Thompson, banjo, guitar, vocals (1972-1994); Jim Watson, mandolin, guitar, vocals (1972-1986); Bill Hicks, fiddle, vocals (1972-1981); Clay Buckner, fiddle, vocals (1980- ); Mike Craver, piano, vocals (1973-1986); Bland Simpson, piano, vocals (1986- ); Jack Herrick, bass, horns, vocals (1976- ); and Chris Frank, piano, guitar, accordion, horns, vocals (1987- ).

In 1973, the Ramblers released their first album and joined forces with a band known as the Southern States Fidelity Choir to create the musical Diamond Studs: The Life of Jesse James, which, after a successful run in Chapel Hill, moved off-Broadway the following year. The Ramblers collaborated with the Southern States Fidelity Choir again in 1982 when they provided the music for Tommy Thompson and Choir member Bland Simpson's dramatization of Mark Twain's Life on the Mississippi .

The Ramblers returned to off-Broadway in 1985 when they provided the music for Sam Shepard's play A Lie of the Mind . The Ramblers collaborated two more times with Shepard, providing the score for his 1988 film, Far North, and playing a medicine show band in his 1993 film, Silent Tongue . When the Ramblers celebrated their 20th anniversary in 1992, they had released twelve albums, gone on three United States State Department-sponsored tours, and performed with critically-acclaimed artists Shawn Colvin and Michelle Shocked.

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The station is branded as WCRD \"Always Better\". The station is operated out of the David Letterman Communication and Media Building on the Ball State University campus. 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It represents public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities, retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers. The NEA has just under 3 million members and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. The NEA had a budget of more than $341 million for the 2012–2013 fiscal year. Becky Pringle is the NEA's current president. As per the NEA website: \"Our mission is to advocate for education professionals and to unite our members and the nation to fulfill the promise of public education to prepare every student to succeed in a diverse and interdependent world.\" ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/national-education-association-nea.png", "altNames": [ "NEA" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79053188" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/76145067259266630026" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79053188" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nk78cg" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "recXzbq7DdjHJR9pU" }, "snac": { "snacId": "10603964", "altNames": [ "National education association of the United States" ], "subjects": [ "Education--United States", "Multicultural education", "Ethnicity--Study and teaching" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "recm89UEVv1E98ENN" }, "airtableId": "recNyp49kOUYcrvI2" }, { "id": "wright-elizabeth", "name": "Wright, Elizabeth", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recNyuFmmvw1zIDCm" }, { "id": "simon-herbert-a-herbert-alexander-1916-2001", "name": "Simon, Herbert A. 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Richard B. Hull worked for Iowa State University's WOI station in several capacities, including as Program Director in 1946, and later in 1952, as Radio-TV director. During this same period and beyond, Hull also served in various positions within the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, including president in 1949, director of NAEB Region IV and chairman of TV in 1952, and chairman of the NAEB Board of Directors in 1962 and 1964. Hull also co-originated the Joint Council on Educational Telecommunications. He features prominently in the NAEB's administrative documents.

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\n

In 1955 Leonard Marks, who was at that time NAEB general counsel, encouraged the association to seek federal funds for the construction of educational television facilities. Assisted by Senators Lyndon B. Johnson and Warren Magnuson, the legislation was introduced into the 85th, 86th and 87th Congresses. Enacted into law in 1962, the Educational Television Facilities Act provided matching funds to states for non-commercial television stations.

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James", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q105074900", "name": "A. James Ebel", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American engineer and broadcasting executive", "birthDate": "1913-05-30", "deathDate": "1998", "birthPlace": "Iowa", "description": " Engineer and broadcasting executive A. James Ebel was born in Waterloo, Iowa on May 30, 1913 and attended Iowa State Teacher's College and the State University of Iowa where he graduated with a B.A. in Math and Physics in 1937. His long career in public broadcasting started in 1937 when he moved with his wife and the first of their four children to Indiana to work part time for radio station WBAA and to start a masters degree at Purdue. One day, after working at the station only a month, he returned home to find the broadcaster Joe Wright sitting on his front porch and speaking highly of his recent article in Electronics Magazine. Wright offered Ebel a job as chief engineer with the University of Illinois' WILL in Champaign, where Ebel worked until 1946. At WILL, Ebel designed the station's first FM transmitter relying only on plans and articles he had read in trade magazines. WILL received an educational FM license in 1941. In addition to working at WILL, Ebel also finished his master's degree in Electrical Engineering, announced Big Ten basketball and football games, and became executive secretary for the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) . In addition Ebel tested acetate discs for NAEB. In 1946, Ebel began work in commercial broadcasting by taking a position as director of engineering with WMBD of Peoria and its sister station WDZ of Decatur. In 1952, he became president of KXIC in Iowa City, and in 1954 he moved to Lincoln as vice president and general manager of KOLN-TV, a station owned by Fetzer Broadcasting. When Mr. Fetzer decided to sell this station, Ebel, showing concern for educational television, persuaded him to give the equipment to the University of Nebraska. Ebel managed a number of Fetzer's stations including KGIN-TV in Grand Island, Nebaska and KMEG-TV in Sioux City, Iowa. He also became director of Fetzer Broadcasting and Fetzer Communications. Ebel continued to work for Fetzer until its Nebraska interests were sold to George Gillett. He then became a consultant and industry representative for Gillett. Ebel was also an enthusiastic friend and benefactor of Nebraska ETV and was instrumental in the Channel 12 assignment to KUON-TV in Lincoln in the early 1950s. In 1988 he retired and has continued consulting. Throughout his career, Ebel promoted new broadcasting technologies. Not only did he implement FM radio at its early stages, but he also enthusiastically promoted both satellite technology and high density television (HDTV). In 1967 as chairman of the CBS Affiliates Satellite Transmission Committee, Ebel informed the affiliates how to use satellites to connect with the networks in the most cost-efficient manner that would still guarantee high picture quality. In 1970 he headed the Combined ABC, CBS, NBC Affiliates New Technologies Committee. This committee filed reports to the Federal Communications Commission's Domestic Satellite Committee that later proved useful to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in their effort to interconnect all PBS stations by satellite. In addition, Ebel's duties on this committee allowed him to study HDTV and advise the FCC on its impact. Following his retirement, he continued to show interest in HDTV by representing the Nebraska Educational Television commission on the subject. Ebel had many significant honors and recognitions during his career. In 1973 he was selected by the National Association of Educational Broadcasters as Engineering Man of the Year. 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Engineer and broadcasting executive.

Designer of early FM radio station WILL, Champaign, Illinois, in 1941; manager of several midwestern television and radio stations; promoter of new broadcasting technologies including satellite applications and high density television.

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Member of Dartmouth Class of 1918.

From the description of [Collection of his published writings]. 1939-1953. (Dartmouth College Library). WorldCat record id: 240653249

Lester Blackwell Granger was an African American civic leader and social worker. Born in 1896, he grew up in Newark, NJ, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1918. After serving in the United States Army during the First World War, he worked briefly for the Newark chapter of the National Urban League. From 1922 to 1934, Granger was an extension worker with the New Jersey state vocational school for African American youth in Bordentown. He served on the worker's educational section of the National Urban League from 1934 to 1938, and led the organization's efforts to promote trade unionism among African American workers and challenge racism by employers and labor organizations. He served as assistant executive secretary of the National Urban League from 1940 to 1941 and as executive secretary from 1941 to 1961. He was also a leading figure in the field of social work, serving as president of the National Conference of Social Work in 1952. After retiring from the National Urban League in 1961, Granger joined the faculty of Dillard University in New Orleans, LA, and in 1972 was named Amistad Scholar in Residence there. He died in Alexandria, LA in 1976.

From the description of Lester Blackwell Granger papers, 1936-1970. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702197777

Social worker.

From the description of Reminiscences of Lester B. Granger : oral history, 1961. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309744132

Lester Blackwell Granger was an African-American civic leader and social worker. Born in 1896, he grew up in Newark, NJ, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1918. After serving in the United States Army during the First World War, he worked briefly for the Newark chapter of the National Urban League. From 1922 to 1934, Granger was an extension worker with the New Jersey state vocational school for African-American youth in Bordentown. He served on the worker's educational section of the National Urban League from 1934 to 1938, and led the organization's efforts to promote trade unionism among African American workers and challenge racism by employers and labor organizations. He served as assistant executive secretary of the National Urban League from 1940 to 1941 and as executive secretary from 1941 to 1961. He was also a leading figure in social work, serving as president of the National Conference of Social Work in 1952. After retiring from the National Urban League in 1961, Granger joined the faculty of Dillard University in New Orleans, LA, and in 1972 was named Amistad Scholar in Residence there. He died in Alexandria, LA in 1976.

Biographical note is drawn from The African American Registry and the National Association of Social Workers Foundation websites for Granger (accessed on 17 December 2009).

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", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wfpl-radio-station-louisville-ky.png", "ownedBy": [ "Louisville Public Media" ], "website": [ "http://wfpl.org/" ], "placeNames": [ "Louisville", "Kentucky" ], "airtableId": "recKGf2rlIxNtV3Ug" }, "airtableId": "recPFKfZKheJRahWM" }, { "id": "adams-william-j", "name": "Adams, William J.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recPFMPgdPYg4oScC" }, { "id": "zanobini-angelo", "name": "Zanobini, Angelo", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recPFNCjrpjiba8dM" }, { "id": "wsui-radio-station-iowa-city-iowa", "name": "WSUI (Radio station : Iowa City, Iowa)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7955975", "name": "WSUI", "wikidataLabelDescription": "AM radio station in Iowa City, Iowa", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSUI", "inceptionDate": "1922", "description": "WSUI (910 AM) is a public radio station in Iowa City, Iowa. It is operated by the University of Iowa and is a member of Iowa Public Radio's news network. Its signal serves most of eastern Iowa. WSUI is one of two National Public Radio member stations in the region, along with 90.9 KUNI in Cedar Falls. WSUI's sister station is classical music outlet 91.7 KSUI. WSUI's studios and offices are on Grand Avenue in Des Moines. The transmitter is off Sand Road SE in Hills, Iowa. ", "altNames": [ "WSUI 910 AM (Radio station : Iowa City, Iowa)" ], "ownedBy": [ "University of Iowa" ], "website": [ "http://iowapublicradio.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2003085021" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/133892799" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2003085021" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60s64gz" ], "placeNames": [ "Iowa City", "Iowa", "United States of America" ], "airtableId": "recQjwoLpmvtji6Qs" }, "snac": { "snacId": "28487750", "description": "

WSUI (910 AM) is a public radio station in Iowa City, Iowa operated by the University of Iowa. Before it was given the WSUI call sign, it was an experimental station that began broadcasting in 1911. During these experimental years, the station was broadcasting educational content. The station was developed in part by Carl Menzer, who later went on to become station director, when he was a student at the University of Iowa. The station was first licensed in 1922 as WHAA, but in 1925 changed its call sign in WSUI. As early as 1933, the station took part in experimental television broadcasts as well, providing the audio channel for video broadcasts from the University of Iowa. One of WSUI's most notable initiatives was the Iowa School of the Air, also known as the Iowa College of the Air, which produced educational college-level programs and was one of the first projects of its kind. The series \"Why is a writer?\" was one of the School of the Air programs, covering notable works of literature. The School of the Air began as early as 1936. WSUI also produced the series \"How's the family\". Today, WSUI is still operated by the University of Iowa and is a member of Iowa Public Radio's news network. Its signal serves most of eastern Iowa. WSUI is one of two National Public Radio member stations in the region. WSUI's current studios and offices are on Grand Avenue in Des Moines.

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James Southard Miles was born on September 22, 1916 in Ohio. Miles attended Ohio State University and worked at WOSU, Ohio State's radio station. From 1936-1943, he worked in Charleston, West Virginia, Columbus, Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, and Fort Wayne, Indiana as a commercial announcer. In 1939, 1941, and 1943, he served as a Reading Clerk for the Ohio House of Representatives. In 1943, he began working at Purdue University's WBAA radio station in various roles over the years including manager and program director. In 1947, he served on the executive committee of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters and was also selected as the first chairman of Region II of the NAEB.

\n

From 1951 to 1953, Miles took leave from WBAA to serve as NAEB's executive director in Urbana, Illinois. During that period, he was chairman of the NAEB Tape Network Program Committee as well as manager of the Kellogg Radio Project at University of Illinois from 1952-3. After working as the NAEB Executive Director, he returned to Purdue University and in 1961 was the Director of Program Service and Distribution Division within the Midwest Program on Airborne Television Instruction. He also established Purdue University's TV unit, which pioneered televised instruction courses for higher education. Other roles held by Miles include chairman of the Indiana State Superintendent's Committee on Television in the Public Schools and charter member of the National Association of Radio and TV Farm Directors. Miles died on May 5, 1987 in Indiana.

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", "altNames": [ "William Hinckley Avery" ], "occupation": [ "aerospace engineer", "engineer" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93076907" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573375" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dn4nw4" ], "airtableId": "recnTw8ODDu9ivRPI" }, "snac": { "snacId": "56924598", "altNames": [ "Avery, William H." ], "subjects": [ "Steam-engineering", "Inventors and inventions" ], "airtableId": "recMjfbLUS4Sz484f" }, "airtableId": "recPdzmThAAcywUaI" }, { "id": "kuwr-radio-station-laramie-wyo", "name": "KUWR (Radio station : Laramie, Wyo.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6339823", "name": "KUWR", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Wyoming Public Radio station in Laramie, Wyoming", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUWR", "description": "KUWR (91.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Laramie, Wyoming. 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WBJC (91.5 FM) is a non-commercial, public FM radio station licensed to serve Baltimore, Maryland. The station is owned by Baltimore City Community College and broadcasts a classical music format. Its broadcast tower is located near Pikesville, Maryland. WBJC-FM originally broadcast on 88.1 MHz with a 250 watt transmitter obtained from military surplus by Edward Arnold, chief engineer, to serve as a workshop for his students of radio and for those of the Department of Speech, Drama and Radio, headed by Clarence DeHaven at the Baltimore Junior College, which shared the campus of the Baltimore high school, known as Baltimore City College. Its antenna had a gain of -3db so that the effective radiated power was only 125 watts. However the antenna was on the top of the school's tower, which enjoyed a great view of almost all of Baltimore except for a few valleys. and its signal covered the City of Baltimore and much of surrounding counties. Generally speaking the station operated a flexible schedule as it was largely dependent on student volunteers. Generally the station signed off at 5 PM, but sports events often extended the broadcast day and led to weekend operation. In 1952, the station began to broadcast programs in the evening as well, primarily music with some readings, interviews, and talks. The evening program was staffed by volunteers and ran until the 1970s.

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Collegiate scholastic honor society founded in 1776 at the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va.

From the description of Phi Beta Kappa records, 1776-2006 (bulk 1900-2000). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70983375

The national Phi Beta Kappa Society, America's oldest and most prestigious honor society, was founded in 1776 at the College of William and Mary in Virginia. Membership in the national society is a significant achievement, which honors excellence in the arts and sciences. Election to Phi Beta Kappa is based on outstanding academic performance reflecting a love of learning for its own sake as opposed to narrow technical specialization or vocational preparation. To demonstrate the breadth of their intellectual curiosity, most students will have taken more than the required number of courses and studied in traditional academic fields outside their major.

As of 2003, there are over 250 Phi Beta Kappa chapters at colleges and universities across the country and 50 alumni associations in the United States and an estimated 500,000 living members. The Beta Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa at Rice was established in 1929.

From the guide to the Phi Beta Kappa, Beta Chapter (Rice University) records Rice UA 108., 1921-2006, (Rice University Archives, Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University, Houston, TX)

Organizational History

1776Founded, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va.1831Eliminated secrecy in rituals and membership1877Established first graduate association, Phi Beta Kappa Alumni in New York1883Established United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa1926Established general headquarters and permanent staff, New York, N.Y.1940Established Phi Beta Kappa Associates1950Established Christian Gauss Award1955Moved headquarters to Washington, D.C.1958Established Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science1960Established Ralph Waldo Emerson AwardFrom the guide to the Phi Beta Kappa Records, 1776-1999, (bulk 1900-1990), (Manuscript Division Library of Congress)

Phi Beta Kappa is a national scholastic honorary fraternity that elects their members on the basis of scholastic achievement and good moral character. The Phi Beta Kappa chapter at NYU was founded in 1858 and is the 15th oldest in the country as well as the second oldest in New York State. The society at NYU held many conferences and discussions and published their own news magazine, The Key Reporter .

Sources:

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American composer and writer.

From the description of Typewritten letter signed and autograph letter signed, dated : Stamford, Conn., 28 August 1927 and 1 March 1931, to Mr. [Harry Harkness] Flagler, 1927 Aug. 28 and 1927 Sept. 1. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270676607From the description of Typewritten letter signed, dated : Stamford, Conn., 7 December 1931, to Mrs. [Melbert B.] Cary [Mary Flagler Cary], 1931 Dec. 7. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270676604From the description of Signature : New York, [n.d.], [n.d., 1885-1966]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270676609

Deems Taylor was an American composer, author, and music critic.

Born in New York in 1885, Taylor studied music theory with Oscar Coon. After various jobs in publishing and journalism, he became music critic for the New York World (1921-1925), editor of Musical America (1927-1929), and music critic for the New York American (1931-1932). He served as director and then president (1942-1948) of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). Taylor worked in radio as a musical advisor and commentator, and published collections of his radio talks in 1937, 1940, and 1949. He composed a number of works for large ensembles, including the opera The King's Henchman and Peter Ibbetson, both commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera. He died in 1966.

From the description of Deems Taylor collection of broadcast recordings [sound recording], 1935-1954. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122378686

Deems Taylor was born on December 22, 1885 in New York City, and attended Ethical Culture for secondary school there. While a student at New York University he wrote four comic operas with William LeBaron, one of which received the attention of theatrical producer Charles Dillingham and was produced by him. Taking the advice of Victor Herbert, Taylor studied music theory with Oscar Coon. Meanwhile Taylor also began to publish music criticism, first for the New York Press, and later for the New York Tribune (1916-1917), Collier's Weekly (1917-1919).

Sometime during the mid 1910s Taylor formed a close friendship with Percy Rector Stephens, a vocal instructor and conductor of the Schumann Club. The purpose of the Schumann Club was to deliver programs for women's vocal ensemble that would follow as closely as possible the structure of the artist recital programs. Taylor approached the task with enthusiasm. In addition, Taylor published arrangements and translations of songs and choral music up through 1920.

Deems Taylor was music critic for the New York World from 1921 through 1925. He continued musical criticism by becoming editor of Musical America (1927-1929) and critic for the New York American 1931-1932). He was pressed into service for radio broadcasts and had a well-received series on music appreciation. He was also commentator for broadcasts of the Metropolitan Opera and the New York Philharmonic. As a result of his reputation as educator, he was selected by Walt Disney as commentator for the film Fantasia (1940). He published articles and several books, The Well Tempered Listener (1940), Walt Disney's Fantasia (1940), Music to My Ears (1949), Some Enchanted Evenings: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein (1953).

After the 1920s Taylor composed large scale works. His orchestral suite Through the Looking Glass was well received. His reputation grew after the premiere of his first mature opera, The King's Henchman (1927), which had its premiere at the Metropolitan Opera. Excerpts from The King's Henchman were selected for the inaugural broadcast of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in September 1927. This was surpassed by his next opera, Peter Ibbetson which also premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1931 which stayed in the repertory for four seasons. Succeeding works were less well received. They include the operas Ramuntcho (1942) and The Dragon (1958), as well as orchestral works and cantatas.

Deems Taylor died in New York City on July 3, 1966.

From the guide to the [Arrangements of choral music by various composers] / Deems Taylor, 1917-1920?, (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

Deems Taylor was an American composer, author, and music critic.

Born in New York in 1885, Taylor studied music theory with Oscar Coon. After various jobs in publishing and journalism, he became music critic for the New York World (1921-1925), editor of Musical America (1927-1929), and music critic for the New York American (1931-1932). He served as director and then president (1942-1948) of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).

Taylor worked in radio as a musical advisor and commentator, and published collections of his radio talks in 1937, 1940, and 1949. He composed a number of works for large ensembles, including the opera, The King's Henchman and Peter Ibbetson, both commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera.

He died in 1966.

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Biographical Note: Lynn Poole (l9l0-l969) was Director of Public Relations, The Johns Hopkins University, 1946-1965.

He hosted and produced the first educational television series in America, \"Johns Hopkins Science Review,\" 1948-1955. He and his wife, Gray Poole, co-authored several books on science, many directed to the juvenile audience.

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WOI-TV first came on-air in 1950 as the second television station in Iowa. It was the first commercial station in the U.S. to be owned by a major college, Iowa State University. It was initially funded by the university through leftover federal grant funds originally intended for Iowa State's work on the Manhattan Project. The station broadcast the longest running local children's program in the U.S., \"The Magic Window,\" from 1951 to 1994. During 1952, the station produced alongside the Fund for Adult Education the program \"The Whole Town's Talking,\" which highlighted local Iowa community issues and encouraged viewers to watch in groups and then discuss the issues themselves. The program was a major success, and led to quick action being taken by communities on certain issues, like school reorganization. The program was thought to be an excellent model for other stations in other locations to adopt as a way to get local communities to engage with important issues. In 1954, the station was led by director Richard B. Hull and broadcast several college-level courses in which viewers could enroll. That same year, the station hosted the annual meeting of Region IV of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. The Iowa Board of Regents voted to sell the station in 1992, which brought immediate opposition from a group called \"Iowans for WOI-TV, Inc.\" However, in 1994 the station was ultimately still sold. In 2009, when the station transitioned from an analog to digital signal, it retired the WOI-TV call sign in favor of WOI-DT.

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Composed 1933. First performance, New School for Social Research, New York, Oct. 16, 1933, American Chamber Orchestra, Bernard Hermann, conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Lyric piece / Henry Brant. 1933. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284603

Composed 1945. In memory of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Dedication : in memory of a great man / Henry Brant. 1945. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284595

Composed 1945. Also known as: The 1930's (symphony). Second and fourth movements revised 1950. First performance Cincinnati, 30 January 1948, Cincinnati Symphony, Thor Johnson conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Symphony in B♭ / Henry Brant. [1945?] (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284631

Composed 1935. First perfomance New York, Apr. 22, 1938, Radio WOR Little Symphony, Fritz Mahler conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Ballad for orchestra / H.D. Brant. 1935. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284584

Originally composed 1934 as Intrada and Ricercata. Revised 1938, 1948. Dedicated to the memory of the composer's father.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of A requiem in summer : for strings and woodwinds / Henry Brant. [19--]. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284623

Originally composed for 2 pianos; this verison made 1952.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Two choral preludes for string orchestra / Henry Brant. 1932. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284638

Originally composed for saxophone and orchestra, 1941. This transcription for saxophone and band, 1950.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Concerto : for alto saxophone solo with wind instruments and percussion / Henry Brant. 1950. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284586

Originally composed for piano, violin and percussion, 1932. First performance of original version New School for Social Research, New York by Vivian Fine, Bertram Brant and the composer. This orchestration, 1933.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Music for a 5 & 10 [cent] store : for full orchestra, op. 3 / Henry Dreyfus Brant. 1933. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284608

Composed 1931-32. Revised 1947, with cuts 1950. Revised again 1956. First performance of unrevised version New York, 6 February 1932, the composer conductor, Georges Barrère soloist. Published in 1969 by MCA. For published miniature score of 1956 version, see callno.: U-4650.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Concerto for flute solo with flute orchestra / Henry Brant. [1950] (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 43284575

Composed 1935.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Prelude and fugue : for brass and strings / H.D. Brant. 1935. (Franklin & Marshall College). 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The Works Progress Administration sponsored seven photographers for the Federal Art Project for specific projects in New York City.

From the description of Works Progress Administration photographic negative collection, 1937-1939. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 155487078

Incorporated in 1923 to collect objects which illustrate the growth and progress of New York City and to educate the public about the city's history.

From the description of Records, 1927-1985. (Unknown). 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American editor of the \"Saturday Review of Literature\" from 1940-1977.

From the description of Typed letter signed : New York, to Edward Wagenknecht, 1960 May 25. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270868047

Editor, journalist.

From the description of Reminiscences of Norman Cousins : oral history, 1974. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122376635From the description of Reminiscences of Norman Cousins : lecture, 1959. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122619930

Cousins was born on June 24, 1915 in Union Hill, NJ; attended Teachers College, Columbia University; began working at New York post as the education editor, 1934-35; worked at Current history as book reviewer, literary editor, and managing editor, 1935-40; married Eleanor (Ellen) Kopf in 1939; executive editor (1940-42), and editor-in-chief (1942-71) of Saturday review of literature, later known as Saturday review; editor of World (1972-73), Saturday review/world (1973-74), and Saturday review (1975-78); worked on editorial board of Office of War Information during WWII; he was involved with organizations fostering world government and control of nuclear weapons, serving as president of United World Federalists from 1952-54 and as founding member of the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE); founded US-USSR and US-Chinese Writers Conferences; served as a diplomat during 3 presidential administrations; produced numerous books on political, social, and medical issues; adjunct professor of medical humanities, UCLA, beginning in 1978, where he initiated the Task Force in Psychoneuroimmunology; received many awards, including the United Nations Peace Medal, the Albert Schweitzer Prize of Humanitarianism, and nearly fifty honorary doctorate degrees; he died on Nov. 30, 1990 in Los Angeles, CA.

From the description of Papers, 1924-1991, bulk 1944-1990. (University of California, Los Angeles). WorldCat record id: 38285473

Editor, Saturday Review of Literature.

From the description of Correspondence to Maxwell Struthers Burt, 1947-1951. (University of Pennsylvania Library). 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Melvin Luxton Arnold (1913-2000) was born in Portland, Oregon to Daniel and Letitia Luxton Arnold. While attending Franklin High School, he secured a position with The News Telegram ( Portland, Oregon ) which was the beginning of a long and distinguished publishing career. Arnold married Valerie Hendricksen and had one child, Alexandra, born in 1933. In 1946 he became the director of the Beacon Press, the Unitarian publishing house, and he transformed it into a widely recognized voice for liberal religious values. At the same time he also became director of the Unitarian newspaper, The Christian Register. Arnold is well known for being an editor for Albert Schweitzer, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and a number of other well-known figures in American society.

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The National Educational Radio Network (NERN) was a means of distributing radio programs in the United States between 1961 and 1970. With funding from the Ford Foundation, the network began broadcasting on six radio stations on April 3, 1961. A forerunner was formed in 1925 as the Association of College and University Broadcasting Stations, then renamed the National Association of Educational Broadcasters in 1934. In 1951 a grant from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation enabled the network to become the \"(NAEB) Tape Network\", based at the University of Illinois. NAEB Tape Network became part of the National Educational Radio Network in 1963. As a result of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 NERN became part of National Public Radio in 1970. Some of NERN's notable programs produced include \"America Street, U.S.A.\" and \"20th Century Music for Piano\".

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The University of Michigan Television Center, also known as the TVC, was founded in 1950 to produce commercial and educational television content. It was not an on-air station, but rather, a center which produced, recorded, and distributed television programs to local stations for broadcast. It was an early developer of educational television as a format. It also originated the concept of the \"telecourse,\" a type of educational TV program for which viewers are awarded some sort of credit for their regular participation. The \"telecourse\" program type proved popular, and around the mid-1960s more than 120 television stations had broadcast TVC programs. The Television Center additionally developed the \"trigger film,\" which were short scenes that portrayed a conflict or problem, such as drug abuse, and promoted discussion among viewers. The Television Center was merged with the University of Michigan's Audio-Visual Education Center in 1978.

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BIOGHIST REQUIRED Publisher, collector.

From the guide to the William Evarts Benjamin Papers, 1817-1940, (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library, )

Publisher, collector.

From the description of William Everts Benjamin papers, 1817-1940. (Columbia University In the City of New York). 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Broadcasting executive.

President, Fund for Adult Education, Ford Foundation, 1951-1961; Chief Executive Officer and Director, Educational Television Stations division, National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 1964-1967.

From the description of C. Scott Fletcher papers, 1926-1991 and undated (bulk 1944-1971). (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 38868060

Non-commercial, educational television pioneer, C. (Cyril) Scott Fletcher, was born July 28, 1904 in Sydney, Australia to Michael Scott and Winifred Sarah Fletcher. He attended Newington College in Sydney, Australia from 1916 to 1918 and then the University of Sydney, from 1919 to 1922. At Sydney University C. Scott Fletcher received a diploma in Economics and Commerce.

During his enrollment at Sydney University, Fletcher joined Cayce-Paul Motors Limited, the Studebaker distributor in New South Wales, Australia. There he worked as a mechanic in the works and assembly plant. Fletcher eventually joined the Studebaker Corporation of Australasia Limited. At Studebaker, he worked his way up the corporate ladder and served in a variety of managerial positions at various international sites including: China, New Zealand, South Africa, the United States and Rhodesia. He eventually became the international vice-president of Studebaker, just prior to World War II. At Studebaker, Fletcher was able to learn the automobile industry, travel the globe and befriend the president of Studebaker, Paul Hoffman.

It was Paul Hoffman who requested Fletcher be given leave from Studebaker to join United China Relief Inc. There, he became the Executive Vice Chairman of United China Relief Inc., in 1942, and helped raise over 7 million dollars for the Chinese allies of the United States.

In the year 1942, Fletcher also joined the Committee for Economic Development (CED), in Washington D.C., and served as its Field Director from 1942 to 1943. In New York from 1943 to 1946 Fletcher served as the Executive Director of the Committee and from 1947 to 1952 he was a trustee. The goal of the Committee for Economic Development was to facilitate a quick transition from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy. The aims of the Committee were to stimulate economic development and provide jobs. These goals were reached under the leadership of C. Scott Fletcher until his resignation in 1946 from both the Committee for Economic Development and also the Studebaker Corporation. In 1946 Fletcher was appointed as a trustee to CED, a position which he held until he was asked to join the Ford Foundation in 1951.

While a trustee at the Committee for Economic Development, Fletcher was asked by William Benton, Publisher of Encyclopedia Britannica, to become the President of Encyclopedia Britannica Films Inc., Chicago, Illinois. With Encyclopedia Britannica Films, he oversaw the creation of films and filmstrips for classroom purposes. This marked the beginning of C. Scott Fletcher's career in education.

C. Scott Fletcher remained President of Encyclopedia Britannica Films from 1946 to 1951. In late 1950, William Benton, vice-chairman of the Committee for Economic Development, talked with Paul Hoffman who had become the director of the Ford Foundation, about convincing C. Scott Fletcher to become president of an unnamed Fund. This fund was to be established through the Ford Foundation and with its focus on adult education. The unnamed fund in May of 1951 became the Fund for Adult Education. In January of 1951 C. Scott Fletcher joined the Ford Foundation, having resigned from Encyclopedia Britannica Films, and became president of the Fund for Adult Education. It was as president of the Fund for Adult Education that C. Scott Fletcher began his work in the field of non-commercial educational television .

C. Scott Fletcher, during his ten years with the Fund for Adult Education, helped establish and fund the first thirty non-commercial television stations in the United States. He was instrumental in garnering support from civic and business leaders, government officials, educators and citizens for the establishment of ETV (educational television) stations across the country. He also helped to fund the first National Educational Television and Radio Program Center in 1954, which marked the beginning of the national program service. Under Fletcher's leadership, the Ford Foundation's Fund For Adult Education provided more than $11,000,000 for the advancement of educational television over a ten-year period. During his ten years at the Fund for Adult Education, 1951-1961, Fletcher remained a loyal advocate of non-commercial television as an educational vehicle.

Eventually the Fund for Adult Education was reabsorbed by its parent, the Ford Foundation. Fletcher decided to retire from the field of education and educational television and establish his own management and communications consulting business in 1961, which he maintained until 1972.

In 1964 Fletcher returned from retirement to become the Chief Executive Officer and Director of Educational Television Stations (ETS), a division of the National Association for Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) . ETS, under Fletcher, was responsible for the founding of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) . CPB was signed into existence by President Lyndon B. Johnson, November 7, 1967, after the passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 . The efforts of C.Scott Fletcher combined with those of ETS, NAEB, and the Carnegie Commission, were influential forces that enabled the creation of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Fletcher served as a Chief Liaison Officer between ETS and NAEB from 1967-1971 and then in 1971 he retired from the field for a second time.

After his final retirement, C. Scott Fletcher remained active in many causes such as the \"save the beaches\" campaign in his hometown in Florida. Throughout his later years he maintained constant correspondence with congressmen and businessmen, stating his opinions and sharing his stories.

C. Scott Fletcher died in Pasadena, California, March 17, 1991.

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Lee Metcalf was born in 1911 in Stevensville, Montana. He attended Montana State University for one year and transferred to Stanford University where he majored in history and economics. He graduated from Montana State University law school in 1936 and entered private practice. He was elected representative to the 25th Montana Legislative Assembly from Ravalli County in the same year. In 1937 Metcalf resigned from the legislature to accept appointment as a Montana assistant attorney general.

During his tenure as an assistant attorney general, Metcalf campaigned extensively for Attorney General Harrison Freebourn who was seeking election to the U.S. Senate in the 1940 primary. During this period Metcalf also represented the Montana State Congress of Industrial Organizations Council from 1938 until 1941. In 1941, following Freebourn's defeat in the primary, Metcalf returned to private practice in Hamilton. Metcalf enlisted in the army in 1942 and was later commissioned. Following the war he served as a military government officer in Germany where he helped set up the civilian court and occupation police system. He also supervised repatriation and drafted the ordinances for and supervised local elections.

Metcalf was elected associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court in 1946, where he served until he was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1952, succeeding Mike Mansfield in Montana's First (Western) Congressional District. After serving four terms in the House, Metcalf was elected to the Senate in 1960, succeeding James E. Murray.

Although Metcalf is best known for his work to protect the natural environment and regulate utilities, he composed and supported a wide variety of legislation. His prodigious legislative accomplishments are testimony to his parliamentary acumen.

Lee Metcalf worked throughout his career to protect the nation's natural resources from both wanton exploitation and destruction. He was an early proponent of water and air pollution control; research on the harmful effects of pesticides, strip mining, and highway construction; regulation of timber cutting and grazing; alternative energy development; and many other conservation issues. His efforts to preserve the nation's wild lands and rivers were productive and lauded by national conservation organizations. As a long-time member of the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission, Metcalf helped establish many wildlife refuges.

While Lee Metcalf was an ardent protector of the natural environment, he believed in the responsible development of resources. He supported rural cooperative efforts, public power projects, and diverse types of assistance to independent workers in agriculture and minerals.

Metcalf advocated the use of government resources to redress the injustices of an imperfect society and to broaden and strengthen access to information for all individuals. He proposed and worked for legislation concerning Social Security, Medicare, unemployment, and veterans' benefits; aid to libraries, schools and small businesses; minimum wage laws; work safety laws; job training programs; consumer protection; and the return of control over their own lives to Native Americans.

Metcalf's long, adverserial relationship with the Montana Power Company and other utilities stemmed from his belief that the power industry held a monopolistic, unregulated control of an essential product. Lee Metcalf's and Vic Reinemer's book Overcharge delineates their position that the utilities exert tremendous influence throughout American society, yet are not subject to the democratic election process and are controlled by a small group of profiteers.

Closely related to Metcalf's efforts to regulate utility companies was his opposition to the growth of \"corporate statism.\" Especially in his capacity as chairman of the Government Operations Committee's Subcommittee on Budgeting, Management, and Expenditure (later Reports, Accounting, and Management), and in close association with Vic Reinemer, Metcalf worked for disclosure of meaningful information, such as interlocking directorships, regarding corporate activity in regulated industries.

Congressional colleagues respected Lee Metcalf's thorough knowledge of the workings of government, knowledge which he used astutely throughout his career. In 1959 Metcalf helped establish the Democratic Study Group, an organization which instructed, mobilized, and coordinated liberal Democrats. As a member of the Government Operations Committee, Metcalf worked for many years, especially after Watergate activities spotlighted such concerns, to reorganize government to improve its efficiency and honesty.

Lee Metcalf enjoyed the cooperation of an able staff. He also provided experience to as many interns, the majority of whom were Montanans, as his time and office space would allow.

Vic Reinemer joined Metcalf's staff in 1961 and worked closely with him until Metcalf's death. Reinemer was born in Circle, Montana, in 1923, and graduated from Montana State University with a B.A. in journalism in 1948. He worked as a newspaper editor in Washington, D.C., for Freedom amp; Union Magazine in 1950 and 1951, and in North Carolina for the Charlotte News from 1950 until 1955. From 1955 until 1960 Reinemer worked as executive secretary for Senator Murray and then served until 1973 in the same position for Senator Metcalf. From 1973 until Metcalf's death in 1978, Reinemer was staff director of the Senate Government Operations Committee's Subcommittee on Budgeting, Management, and Expenditures, which changed its name in 1975 to Reports, Accounting, and Management. Reinemer concentrated his energies on utility regulation and corporate ownership reporting.

Other long-time influential staff members include Merrill \"Brit\" Englund, Metcalf's administrative assistant, who worked for United Press Internatinnal and the Associated Press in Helena for six years before joining Metcalf's staff in 1953; Peggy McLaughlin, personal secretary, who worked for the Montana State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Montana Attorney General, and for Senator Murray before beginning her years with Metcalf; and Dorothy Tannenbaum, legislative assistant with special knowledge of education and Native American affairs. Ted Roe replaced Vic Reinemer as executive secretary in 1973. These staff members' contribution to Metcalf's work can most easily be noted by the many letters in the collection which they composed.

Lee Metcalf married Donna Hoover in 1938. He died in January 1978 during what he declared would be his last Senate term.

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The first set of graduates, consisting of thirteen law students, attended UT commencement on June 14, 1884. By World War I, enrollment rose to 2,254 and by World War II to over 11,000. African Americans were admitted in 1950, and by 1966, there were 27,345 students. Over the next 40 years, the university continued to expand. In 2009 enrollment reached over 50,000, ranking it as one of the top ten largest public universities, and the number of degrees conferred totaled 12,861.

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Lawyer.

From the description of Oral history interview with Frederick Wayne Ford, 1978. (Columbia University In the City of New York). 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Judge.

From the description of Reminiscences of Julius Waties Waring : oral history, 1957. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309728157

Federal judge, lawyer, and civil rights advocate; of Charleston, S.C.

From the description of Letter, 1921 May 24, Charleston, S.C., to Julian Mitchell, Charleston, S.C. (University of South Carolina). WorldCat record id: 54862038From the description of Letter, 1935 Apr. 27, Charleston, SC, to John P. Grace. (University of South Carolina). WorldCat record id: 40846027

Federal judge; of the Eastern District of the U.S. District Court of South Carolina.

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The original campus plans for the University of Florida at Gainesville were developed by the firm of Edwards & Walter. Edwards & Walter were contracted to design and layout the campus buildings in 1905. Additional plans were developed by the firm's successor, Edward and Sayward. In 1925, Rudolph Weaver, Director of the University's School of Architecture, assumed the position of Architect for the Board of Control and was responsible for campus planning throughout the state.

In the period following World War II, a consulting architect was hired by the state. In the early 1970s, a campus planning office was created. Originally the Office of Planning and Analysis and, later, the Office of Facilities Planning, it is now known as the Division of Campus Planning and Construction Management

From the description of Campus plan maps, 1905-1966. (University of Florida). 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Schramm was professor of English, first director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and director of the School of Journalism at the University of Iowa; dean or director of communications programs at the University of Illinois, Stanford University, and the East-West Center, University of Hawaii; d. 1987.

From the description of Papers of Wilbur Schramm, 1936-1949. (University of Iowa Libraries). 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Chartered as Illinois Industrial University 1867; adopted name University of Illinois in 1885 and know as the Urbana-Champaign campus; became University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1966).

From the description of Afro-American Studies and Research Program records, 1980-1984. (Fisk University). WorldCat record id: 70970126", "altNames": [ "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign" ], "subjects": [ "Physics teachers", "African Americans--Study and teaching--Congresses", "African Americans--Study and teaching", "African American college students", "Universities and colleges", "Football--College--20th century" ], "placeNames": [ "Urbana (Ill.)", "Illinois", "Urbana (Ill.)" ], "airtableId": "recDcApxYRsMgnZzo" }, "airtableId": "recUsZiYS8uByyt2B" }, { "id": "jones-thad", "name": "Jones, Thad", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recUsaXxMqYgqGvqQ" }, { "id": "dekker-william", "name": "Dekker, William", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recUsgH5k8aEkZLx4" }, { "id": "reid-charlotte-t-charlotte-thompson-1913-2007", "name": "Reid, Charlotte T. 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The company was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933 it added Daily Variety, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry. Variety.com features breaking entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, videos, photo galleries and features, plus a credits database, production charts and calendar, with archive content dating back to 1905. Variety has been published since December 16, 1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering theater and vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City. Silverman had been fired by The Morning Telegraph in 1905 for panning an act which had taken out an advert for $50. As a result, he decided to start his own publication \"that [would] not be influenced by advertising.\" With a loan of $1,500 from his father-in-law, he launched Variety as publisher and editor. 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Variety is an American media company owned by Penske Media Corporation. The company was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933 it added Daily Variety, based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry. Variety.com features breaking entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, videos, photo galleries and features, plus a credits database, production charts and calendar, with archive content dating back to 1905. Variety has been published since December 16, 1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering theater and vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City. Silverman had been fired by The Morning Telegraph in 1905 for panning an act which had taken out an advert for $50. As a result, he decided to start his own publication \"that [would] not be influenced by advertising.\" With a loan of $1,500 from his father-in-law, he launched Variety as publisher and editor. In addition to The Morning Telegraph, other major competitors on launch were The New York Clipper and the New York Dramatic Mirror.

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The station is owned by Providence College and broadcasts from studios and a transmitter on the campus. WDOM began operations as a carrier current station for the campus in 1949; it began broadcasting on FM for the entire Providence area in 1966. It continues to service the Providence College community and the city of Providence. The station broadcasts indie, hip-hop, alternative, punk, electronica, rap, dance, classic rock, jazz, and country music. 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After the Democrats lost their majority in the Senate, Ocasek was replaced as party leader by Harry Meshel. In 1962 and 1968, Ocasek ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives. He lost both times to Republican incumbent William H. Ayres. In 1986 he lost a Democratic primary for congress in the 14th district to Thomas C. Sawyer. Ocasek also served on the Ohio Board of Education from 1993 to 1998. 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Senator.

From the description of Reminiscences of Paul Howard Douglas : oral history, 1975. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309732848From the description of Reminiscences of Paul Howard Douglas : oral history, 1957. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122527416

U.S. Senator (Democrat, Illinois).

From the description of Paul H. Douglas papers, 1932-1971. (Chicago History Museum). WorldCat record id: 717289444

Economist, U.S. Senator. Born 1892. A.B., Bowdoin College, 1913; A.M., Columbia University, 1915; Ph. D., 1921. Instructor, University of Illinois, 1916-1917; instructor and assistant professor, Reed College, 1917-1918; associate professor, University of Washington, 1919-1920. Assistant professor of industrial relations, University of Chicago, 1920-1923; associate professor, 1923-1925; professor, 1925-1949. U.S. Senator (D-Ill.), 1949-1967. Died 1976.

From the description of Letters, 1938-1946. (University of Chicago Library). WorldCat record id: 122464724

Paul H. Douglas was born on March 26, 1892 in Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts. He attended public school in Newport, Maine. Douglas received a B.A. from Bowdoin College (1913), an A.M. from Columbia University (1915), and a Ph.D. in 1921. Douglas also studied at Harvard University from 1915 to 1916. He taught economics at the University of Illinois from 1916 to 1917, leaving in 1917 to become an instructor and assistant professor at Reed College. In 1919 Douglas became an associate professor at the University of Washington. In 1920 Douglas arrived at the University of Chicago, where he became an assistant professor of industrial relations. In 1923 he became an associate professor, and in 1925 a full professor.

Douglas left teaching to serve in the United States Marine Corps from 1942 to 1945. He joined as a private, but rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Douglas returned to the University of Chicago to teach until 1949. In 1948 Douglas ran for United States Senator in Illinois was elected as a Democrat. He was re-elected in 1954 and again in 1960, serving from January 3, 1949 to January 3, 1967. He lost a bid for re-election in 1966. Douglas served as chairman of the Joint Committee on the Economic Report (Eighty-fourth Congress), chairman of the Joint Economic Committee (eighty-sixth and Eighty-eighth Congresses), chairman of the President's Committee on Urban Affairs (1967-1969), and chairman of the Committee on Tax Reform (1969).

Paul H. Douglas died on September 24, 1976 in Washington, D.C.

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Composed 1916-18. The original ms. had a pencilled-in note saying: \"This is the only copy anywhere.\" See note from Mrs. Cowell 19 Nov. 1959: \"The first symphony is a student work, and I hope earnestly for it not to be performed.\" This is a facsimile of the composer's holograph score, according to Bill Lichtenwanger.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Symphony in B minor / Henry Cowell. 1918. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207014

Composed 1939. Originally titled Early American Country Set. First performance under that title Indianapolis, 28 February 1940, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, Fabien Sevitzky conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Old American country set / Henry Cowell. 1939. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206984

Composed 1957, during a visit to Iran, but not apparently related to his Persian Set or Homage to Iran, also composed during this period. First performance Tucson, Arizona, 18 October 1998, Southern Arizona Symphony Orchestra, Warren Cohen conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Teheran movement / Henry Cowell. 1957. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207027

Composed 1943. First performance New Orleans, 12 January 1949, New Orleans Symphony Orchestra, Pierre Henrotte conducting.

From the description of American pipers [for orchestra] [L.645] / Henry Cowell. 1943. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206931

A child prodigy, Henry Cowell played and wrote music, but his iconoclastic parents selectively home-schooled him. His career in music is filled with success--as a composer, conductor, musician, editor, educator, and innovator. Among his pupils were John Cage and George Gershwin; he introduced elements of diverse musical cultures into Western music, including tone clusters. Despite a somewhat scandalous private life, he had a prestigious career and a lasting influence on modern American music.

From the description of Henry Cowell letter to Nan Gullo, 1963 June 5. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 56937489

Composed 1936.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Jig in four / Henry Cowell. 1936. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206981

From the ballet with libretto by Alice Barney. Composed 1926.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Atlantis : prologue / Henry Cowell. 1926. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206937

Henry Cowell was a noted American composer, pianist, music educator, and founder of the publication New Music and the New Music Society of California. Lilly (or Lily) Popper was Henry Cowell's colleague in a school of music.

From the description of Letters from Henry Cowell to Lilly Popper, 1936 Sept. 12-1937 Sept 12. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122517786From the guide to the Letters from Henry Cowell to Lilly Popper, 1936 Sept. 12-1937 Sept 12, (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

Commissioned by Charles Weidman for a dance performance. Originally entitled Steel and Stone. Completed 1932, as a companion piece to his Dance of Sport (later Competitive Sport, callno.: 7291). First performance New School Auditorium, New York, 5 January 1932, Pan American Association of Composers Orchestra, Adolph Weiss conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Steel and stone / Henry Cowell. 1932. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206948

Written for Jackson Wiley and the Springfield (Ohio) Symphony Orchestra. Composed 1961. First performance Springfield, Ohio, 21 October 1961, Springfield Symphony Orchestra, Jackson Wiley conductor, Julius Baker flute, Gloria Agostini harp.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Duo concertante : for flute, harp and symphony orchestra / by Henry Cowell. 1961. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206949

Composed originally for solo piano as No. 1 of Two Pieces, 1928. This arrangement 1932 by the composer. First performance New School, New York, 17 May 1933, New Chamber Orchestra, Bernard Hermann conducting. The composer made a different arrangement for the CBS Orchestra in 1942. He also arranged it for solo piano and large orchestra in 1940, as No. 4 of Four Irish Tales. The present orchestration has been withdrawn from circulation at the request of his widow, as per the compoer's wishes.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Reel / Henry Cowell. [1932]. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206997

Composed 1955-56, for Leopold Stokowski. First performance Houston, 28 March 1960, Houston Symphony Orchestra, Leopold Stokowski conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Symphony No. 12 / Henry Cowell. 1956. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207025

Composed 1930. First performance New School, New York, 4 November 1932, Orchestra of the Pan-American Association, Nicolas Slonimsky conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Polyphonica / Henry Cowell. 1930. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206995

Composed originally as four separate pieces for piano solo. No. 1 composed 1971; No. 2 composed 1921; No. 3 composed 1924; No. 4 composed 1928. Orchestration 1940. First performance over radio station WNYC, New York, 24 November 1940, New York Youth Orchestra, Fritz Mahler conducting, the composer as soloist. When Leopold Stokowski, for whom the work had been written, later performed it with the All-American Youth Orchestra, he toned down the Irish atmosphere by re-naming the first movement Deep Tides and the last Country Reel. The over-all title under which he performed the work was Tales of our Countryside. An earlier title still was: Four Irish Legends.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Four Irish tales / Henry Cowell. 1940. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206955

Composer.

From the description of Reminiscences of Henry Cowell : oral history, 1963. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309729959From the description of Autograph page signed : [n.p.], [ca. 1960?]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270911559

Composed 1933, an arrangement with alterations from the Irish Jig for piano. \"Specially written for Bernard Hermann and the New Chamber Orchestra.\"--Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Slow jig : for chamber orchestra / Henry Cowell. 1933. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207008

Band version composed by Cowell for the San Quentin Concert Band at the request of its director during Cowell's incarceration at San Quentin State Prison. Withdrawn by the composer in 1964. A version for French horn and piano dates from 1939. For the orchestral version, see callno.: 3502.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Vox humana / Henry Cowell. 1938. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 213373228

Composed 1939, as a companion piece to Pulse (callno.: 1001m). First performance Cornish School, Seattle, Washington, 19 May 1939, John Cage and his Percussion Group.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Return / Henry Cowell. 1939. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206998

Composed 1942, for the Goldman Band's 25th anniversary. First performance Central Park, New York, 3 July 1942, the Goldman Band, the composer conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Festive occasion : for band / Henry Cowell. 1942. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206951

Based on the fuguing tunes of William Billings. No 10. composed 1955. First performance at the Third Annual Pacific Coast Music Festival, Santa Barbara, California, 10 September 1955, strings of the Festival Orchestra, Leopold Stokowski conductor, Bert Gassman oboe.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Hymn and fuguing tune no. 10 : oboe and strings / Henry COwell. 1955. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206972

Composed 1931. The rhythmicon is an electronic instrument for the artificial reproduction of rhythms built by Leon Theremin to the copmposer's specifications. First performance, with PDP-10 computer taking the place of the rhythmicon, Stanford University, Stanford California, 3 December 1971, Stanford Symphony Orchestra, Sandor Salgo conducting, Leland Smith providing the \"realization\" for the computer. Title changed to Concerto because an entirely different piece, for piano solo, had been assigned the title Rhythmicana in 1938.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Rhythmicana : for rhythmicon and orchestra / Henry Cowell. 1931. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206941

Based on the fuguing tunes of William Billings. No. 5 composed originally for 5 unaccompanied voices, 1945. First performance with voices alone, New York, 14 April 1946, Randolph Singers, David Randolph conductor. First performance by string orchestra, Saratoga Springs, New York, 15 September 1946, strings of the Spa Music Festival Orchestra, F. Charles Adler conducting. Arranged 1953 for full orchestra as first and second movements of Symphony No. 10.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Hymn and fuguing tune no. 5 / Henry Cowell. 1946. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206968

Composed 1960 for the American Accordionists' Association.

From the description of Concerto brevis for accordion / Henry Cowell. 1960. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206944

American composer.

From the description of Autograph letter signed and typewritten letter signed, dated : New York, 26 December 1942, and Shady, N.Y., 22 October 1965, to Mr. [Thomas B.] Brumbaugh, 1942 Dec. 26. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270564692

Composed 1940. First performance of 2nd, 5th and 6th movements at the Mountain State Forest Festival, Elkins, West Virginia, 2 October 1941, National Youth Administration Orchestra of Philadelphia, Louis Vyner conductor. First performance of 1st and 4th movements, along with 2nd, 5th and 6th at the tenth anniversary of the Orchestrette of New York, Carnegie Chamber Music Hall, New York, 3 May 1943, Frederique Petrides conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of American melting pot set : for chamber orchestra / Henry Cowell. 1940. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206929

Composed originally for piano, though the piano version has not survived. Composed 1914-22, using some material from a never-completed work, The Birth of Motion.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Some music / Henry Cowell. [1922?] (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207009

Chamber version for French horn and piano, 1939. Orchestral version supposedly made at the request of Arthur Cohn for performance by the Philadelphia Federal Symphony, but never performed by them. This version premiered 15 November 1997, Susquehanna Symphony Orchestra, Bel Air, MD, Sheldon Bair conductor. Band version composed (1938 or 1939) for the San Quentin Concert Band at the request of its director while the composer was incarcerated in San Quentin State Prison.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Vox humana / Henry Cowell. 1939. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207031

Commissioned by the Louisville Symphony Orchestra. Composed 1953. First performance Louisville, 29 May 1954, Louisville Symphony Orchestra, Robert Whitney conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Eleventh symphony : seven rituals of music / Henry Cowell. 1953. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207024

Composed 1946.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Festival overture for two orchestras / by Henry Cowell. 1946. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206953

Commissioned by Leopold Stokowski for the All-American Youth Orchestra of the National Youth Administration. Composed 1940. First performance City College of New York, 26 July 1940, All-American Youth Orchestra, Leopold Stokowski conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Pastoral and fiddler's delight / Henry Cowell. 1940. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206992

Composed 1933. First performance Havana, 22 October 1933, Havana Philharmonic Orchestra, Amadeo Roldán conductor. Dedicated to the Havana Philharmonic Orchestra.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Horn pipe / Henry Cowell. 1933. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206963

California-born pianist, composer, and member of the prominent pioneer family of Santa Cruz.

From the description of Henry Cowell correspondence, 1937-1944. (University of California, Berkeley). WorldCat record id: 38975386

Composed 1928. First complete performance Havana, 28 December 1930, Havana Philharmonic Orchestra, Pedro Sanjuan conducting, the composer as soloist.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Concerto : for piano and orchestra / Henry Cowell. 1929. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206940

Composed 1942. First performance (Movement I only) Ernest Williams School of Music, Saugerties, New York, 24 July 1942, Ernest Williams Symphony Orchestra and Symphonic Band, Ernest Williams conductor. First complete performance Flagstaff, AZ 11 November 1996, Northern Arizona University Symphonic Band (with strings from the University orchestra), James Ripley conductor (letter from Ripley to Fleisher Collection, 2 July 1998, in Cowell file).--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Gaelic symphony / Henry Cowell. 1942. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206957

Composed 1938. First complete performance, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, 9 March 1941, New York Civic Orchestra, the composer conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Anthropos / Henry Cowell. 1938. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206933

American composer and writer on music.

From the description of Henry Cowell collection of noncommercial recordings [sound recording], 1940-1953. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122486177

Commissioned by the Serge Koussevitzky Foundation in the Library of Congress. Composed 1959-60. First performance at the Second Inter-American Music Festival, Howard University, Washington, D.C., 27 April 1961, Eastman-Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, Howard Hanson conductor. Dedicated to the memory of Serge and Natalie Koussevitzky.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Symphony no. 14 / by Henry Cowell. 1960. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207026

Written for the dancer Doris Humphrey. Composed originally for full orchestra 1932. First performance Paris, 21 February 1932, Orchestre Symphonique de Paris, Nicolas Slonimsky conducting. Also exists in a piano version.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Two appositions / Henry Cowell. 1932. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207028

Composed originally for piano solo ca. 1914-1920. Orchestration completed 1932. First performance probably New School, New York, 1932, Wallingford Riegger conductor.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Vestiges / Henry Cowell. 1932. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207030

Composed 1932. First performance Little Theater, Brooklyn, New York, 10 December 1933, Knickerbocker Little Symphony Orchestra, J. Edward Powers conducting.

From the description of Four continuations for string orchestra (multiple of nine) [L.486] / Henry Cowell. 1932. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206954

Originally titled Dance of Sport. Commissioned by Charles Weidman for a dance performance by his ensemble. Composed 1931, originally for solo piano, as a companion piece to his Dance of Work, written for the same occasion. First performance New School Auditorium, New York, 5 January 1932, Pan American Association of Composers' Orchestra, Adolph Weiss conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Competitive sport / Henry Cowell. 1931. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206938

Composed 1934, for Christos Vrionedes. First performance Roerich Hall (Roerich Museum), New York, 21 May 1934, Vrionides Sinfonietta, Christos Vrionides conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Suite : for small orchestra / by Henry Cowell. 1934. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45207011

Composed 1939. First performance Cornish School, Seattle, Washington, 19 May 1939, John Cage and his Percussion Group.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Pulse / Henry Cowell. 1939. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 45206996

Henry Cowell (1897-1965) was an American composer, writer, pianist, educator, lecturer, and publisher.

Initially schooled at home by his mother, Clarissa Dixon Cowell, he began music studies as a child in the San Francisco Bay area. Among his earliest mentors were Charles Seeger, with whom he began studying in 1914 at the University of California at Berkeley and the Irish Theosophist poet John Varian. Following a stint in the army in 1918-1919 and further study, Cowell embarked on an extensive series of tours throughout the United States, Europe, as well as the USSR, performing his own music and attracting publicity for his use of tone clusters and experimental keyboard techniques. A tireless advocate for contemporary music, Cowell formed the New Music Society of California, helping to promote such composers as Charles Ives, Carlos Chávez, John Becker, Carl Ruggles and Wallingford Riegger through the quarterly journal, New Music. Cowell's music defined many of the major developments of twentieth-century music, and he was among the earliest composers to endorse the view that the musical materials of the whole world, not just Western Europe, should be available to composers and inform their musical and cultural outlook. To this end, he studied comparative musicology in Berlin early on and he would continue these explorations with his wife, ethnomusicologist Sidney Robertson Cowell, (who, along with his stepmother Olive Cowell and composer Percy Grainger were instrumental in helping Cowell to gain early release from his imprisonment on a morals charge). Cowell taught at many institutions, most notably the New School for Social Research, where his students included John Cage and Lou Harrison. He also was a prolific writer, whose output included the books, New Musical Resources (1930), an exploration of modern compositional methods, and Charles Ives and his Music (1955), the first monograph about the composer (co-written with his wife).

From the description of Henry Cowell papers, 1851-1994. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 84671665

Henry Cowell (March 11, 1897 - Dec. 10, 1965) was an American composer, writer, pianist, educator, lecturer and publisher. He was born to a poor family in Menlo Park, California, near San Francisco; Menlo Park remained his home until 1936. Cowell was mainly schooled at home by his mother and began his music studies at age five on the violin; he switched to piano within a few years and began composing around the time he was 10. Lewis Terman, a psychologist at Stanford University, began studying Cowell as an example of a child genius and used him as a case study subject for the development of the Stanford-Binet IQ test. Another Stanford professor, Samuel Seward, arranged a fund to educate Cowell and to assist his family. Cowell began studying with Charles Seeger, among others, at the University of California at Berkeley in 1914. Another mentor Cowell met in his teens was the Irish Theosophist poet John Varian, whose texts Cowell set to music. Later in his life Cowell studied with musicians from non-western cultures to learn about their music.

Following a stint in the army in 1918-1919, Cowell concentrated on performing his own music. He began touring the United States and visited Europe for the first time in 1923, attracting publicity for his use of tone clusters and direct manipulation of piano strings; he drew more substantial interest from European composers such as Bela Bartók and Arnold Schoenberg.

In addition to his own musical activities, Cowell was a tireless advocate, publisher and presenter for other contemporary composers, most notably Charles Ives, but also for his friends John Becker, Carl Ruggles and Wallingford Riegger, among others. He formed the New Music Society of California, and was a major player in the Pan American Association of Composers, which helped publicize such composers as Carlos Chavez. Cowell also established the brand name New Music, a quarterly journal which also branched out into a record label and score publishing concern.

Cowell taught at many institutions during his life, most notably the New School for Social Research, but also at Columbia University, Eastman School of Music, Stanford University and the University of California. He wrote books, including New Musical Resources, an exploration of modern compositional methods, and Charles Ives And His Music, the first book about Ives (written with Sidney Robertson Cowell). Cowell also toured the world meeting other musicians and composers to facilitate intercultural exchange, at times under the sponsorship of the U.S. State Department and the Rockefeller Foundation

Cowell's music defined many of the major developments of twentieth-century music, and he was among the earliest composers to endorse the view that the musical materials of the whole world, not just Western Europe, should be available to composers and inform their musical and cultural outlook. In many ways his music and philosophy both exemplified and anticipated the musical aesthetics of the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries.

Source: Nicholls, David. \"Cowell, Henry (Dixon)\", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 September 2006), http://www.grovemusic.com

From the guide to the Henry Cowell papers, 1851-1994, (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

Henry Cowell (3/11/1897 - 12/10/1965) was an American composer of symphonic and chamber music. He studied violin with Henry Holmes, and composition with E.G. Strickland and Wallace Sabin at the University of California in Berkeley. He also studied with Walter Damrosch at the Institute of Musical Art in New York, and with Charles Seeger.

Cowell became the first American composer to visit Russia in 1928, after which, he studied ethnomusicology with Erich von Hornbostel in Berlin as a Guggenheim fellow. These persuits led him toward extensive study of ethnic musical materials.

Cowell made great use of tone clusters. He systematized the clusters as harmonic amplifications of tonal chords, and devised logical notation for them. He ultimately applied tone clusters to compositions for instrumental works (in addition to piano works), and also used them in many of his symphonic works.

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Died 1989.

From the description of Archives pamphlet file : Titus, Roy V. : miscellaneous uncataloged material. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 83119924

Art museum; New York, N.Y.

From the description of Museum of Modern Art first loan exhibition : November 8th to December 7, 1929. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122557713

d. 2001.

From the description of Archives pamphlet file : Matisse, Maria-Gaetana : miscellaneous uncataloged material. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 83931546

The Art Lending Service (1951-1982) provided the public with the opportunity of renting a piece of art for a two-month period before deciding whether to purchase the work or return it to the ALS. Additionally, the ALS organized approximately five exhibitions per year in the Museum's Penthouse Restaurant. In the early 1960s these shows became theme-oriented exhibitions that were organized by curators from MoMA, many of which contained works by emerging artists who would later become well known.

The Art Advisory Service (1964-1996), an adjunct service of the ALS, was intended to further develop corporate collecting of contemporary art. The records of the AAS provide an important source for the history of corporate art collecting in the U.S. and abroad.

From the description of Art Lending Service and Art Advisory Service records, 1948-1996. (Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)). 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Broadcasting executive and consultant.

President and General Manager, KQED 1953-1969; President, National Educational Television 1969-1970; President, WNET 1970-1973.

From the description of James Day papers, 1952-1996 and undated^ (bulk 1969-1992) (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 48460307

James Day was born on December 22, 1918, in Alameda, California. He earned an AB in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1941, and a postgraduate degree from Stanford University in 1951.

After serving as a Captain in the Army during World War Two, Day worked as the director of Public Affairs and Education for NBC, San Francisco from 1946 to 1949. He spent 1949 to 1951 in Tokyo, Japan, as a civilian radio specialist with the Army of Occupation. He then took a job as Deputy Director of Radio Free Asia from 1951 to 1953.

Immediately after leaving Radio Free Asia, Day received a phone call from the assistant to the president of Stanford University asking if he would be interested in applying for a job that was being developed by the Bay Area Public Television Association. Day was interested and about a week later, he became the founding director of KQED, San Francisco, the nation's sixth public television station.

Day served as the president and general manager of KQED from 1953 until 1969. Under his leadership, KQED won a worldwide reputation for its imaginative and bold programming and for its innovative fund raising. KQED set a new precedence for nightly news with its program Newsroom .

For fourteen years, Day hosted his own weekly program, Kaleidoscope, on which he interviewed many notable people including Eleanor Roosevelt, Robert Kennedy, Buster Keaton, Aldous Huxley, and Alexander Kerensky. Additionally, he conducted extended interviews with Eric Hoffer and Arnold Toynbee.

In 1969, Day left KQED to become president of National Educational Television (NET), then the national network of educational television with headquarters in New York City. When NET merged with New York's public television channel, WNDT, in 1970 to become WNET/Channel 13, Day became the president of the merged organizations. His name is closely associated with some of the NET programming of that period, including The Great American Dream Machine, An American Family, Banks and the Poor, and VD Blues .

In 1973, Day resigned as president of WNET due to his dissatisfaction with public television and the growing importance of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) . He founded his own production company, Publivision, Inc., which produced and syndicated to public stations all over the world a night interview program, Day At Night . The series of 130 half-hour shows brought Day together with many leaders in the arts, sciences, literature, sports, entertainment, and public service, such as Ray Bradbury, Aaron Copland, Alger Hiss, Muhammad Ali, Jason Robards, and Ralph Ellison.

Day's service with public television continued even after he had left for the private sector. He served three years on the original board of PBS and fourteen years on the original board of the Children's Television Workshop . He was one of the founders of the International Public Television Screening conference, chairman of the board of The Press and the Public Project, and president of Timely Productions.

In 1995, Day published the book, The Vanishing Vision: The Inside Story of Public Television, which outlines the history of public television from the early 1950s, through the turbulent sixties and seventies, to the modern problems that face the field in the 1990s.

Starting in 1976, Day served as Professor Emeritus at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in television and radio. He also continued to serve as president of Publivision, Inc., and as a consultant for various projects, which have in the past included trips to Africa, Asia and South America. From 2000 to 2008, Day was an advisor to CUNY-TV, the City University of New York's television station.

James Day died on April 24, 2008.

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Notebooks compiled by the students of \"Sports Management 2210: History & Philosophy of Sport\" at Bowling Green State University, taught by Nancy Spencer.

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Lawyer.

From the description of Reminiscences of Newton Norman Minow : oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). 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Outside of museum holdings, no comprehensive survey and inventory of campus artwork had been attempted since 1937. With support from the Michigan Commission on Art in Public Places, 1,076 items were inventoried during 1988-1990. Additional inventory work was undertaken in 1997-1998 for risk management purposed, but generated little new information.

From the description of Inventory of University of Michigan-owned art, 1988-1990, 1997-1998. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 81475220

The standard practice guide was developed \"to provide University of Michigan employees with convenient access to the operating policies and practices of the various departments, facilities, and services that are available.\"

From the description of Standard practice guide, 1946-2005. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 85778743

Competition between classes was a feature of student life from the early days of the university. I particular between the freshman and sophomore classes as the sophomores sought to initiate the incoming freshman to campus life. The competition expressed itself in hazing, a variety of pranks, athletic competition, and a \"rush\" which generally involved one class defending some symbolic object or piece of campus against the attack of the other class. \"Black Friday\" was one of the main expressions of the competition. On an designated Friday in the Fall the freshman would gather around the campus flagpole to defend their banner against the sophomores/ The battle would continue until the sophomores had captured the banner or the freshman had defended it for at least thirty minutes.

From the guide to the [Freshman-sophomore rush posters, University of Michigan], 1883?-1941, (Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan)

This assembled collection consists of diplomas issued to University of Michigan students from various departments and colleges. Also included is a sample of a corrected blank form to be used in 1845 if engraved diplomas did not arrive in time.

From the guide to the University of Michigan diplomas, 1845-1930s, 1977, (Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan)

The University of Michigan Calendars collection has been assembled form a variety of sources and donations.

From the guide to the University of Michigan calendars, 1898-2007, 1900-1950, (Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan)

The website series forms part of the collection of materials pertaining to two lawsuits filed in 1997 (Grantz, et al. v. Bollinger; and Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger) alleging that the University of Michigan's admissions practices discriminated against non-minority applicants.

The lawsuits made the university a focal point in the national debate over the value and legality of affirmative action in higher education.

University President Lee Bollinger and other members of the university community conducted a highly visible national media campaign to explain and elicit support for the university's admissions policies and the values upon which they were based, the lawsuits also stimulated intense discussion on the University of Michigan campus over issues of diversity, fairness and equal opportunity.

The website was one of the main communication devices the university used to disseminate information about the lawsuits to university faculty, students, and staff.

From the description of University of Michigan admissions lawsuits website, 2002 [electronic resource]. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 84320102

The Year 2000 Information Campaign was formed as part of the University's concern and overall plan to insure that the information systems used on campus would not be affected by the \"Millennium Bug.\"

The Millennium Bug of the Year 2000 problem referred to administrative systems designed circa 1970s.

From the description of Year 2000 Information Campaign (University of Michigan) website 2000 [electronic resource]. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 80718808

Two lawsuits filed in 1997 (Gratz, et al. v. Bollinger; and Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger) made the University of Michigan a focal point in the national debate over the value and legality of affirmative action in higher education.

The lawsuits brought by non-minority applicants challenged the legality of the university's admissions process.

From the description of University of Michigan admissions lawsuits collection, 1997-2001. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 84186913

On October 13, 1997, Jennifer Gratz, an unsuccessful white applicant for the Fall 1995 term, and Patrick Hamacher, an unsuccessful white applicant for the Fall 1997 term, brought a lawsuit in district court against the College of Literature, Science and the Arts (LS&A). On December 3, 1997, Barbara Grutter, an unsuccessful white applicant for the Fall 1997 entering class, brought a similar suit against the Law School. The plaintiffs sued both the university and specific university officials, including President Lee Bollinger, President Emeritus James Duderstadt, and Law School Dean Jeffrey Lehman, in their individual and official capacities. Both cases were certified as class actions for purposes of reviewing the policies at issue.

The Center for Individual Rights (CIR), a nonprofit public interest law firm located in Washington, D.C., represented the plaintiffs, with the Minneapolis law firm of Maslon, Edelman, Borman, & Brand serving as lead counsel. The CIR had been active in conducting lawsuits seeking to dismantle affirmative action in college admissions and racial preference in a variety of arenas, including a successful case against the University of Texas Law School ( Hopwood v. State of Texas ). The university's lead counsel for the suits was John Payton, a civil rights attorney of the Washington D.C. law firm of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, with local counsel provided by Butzel Long of Detroit.

The plaintiffs in the cases charged that the university unlawfully discriminated against them by taking race and ethnicity into account as a positive factor in admissions. They sought injunctive relief and monetary damages. The university took the position that the Constitution and civil rights statutes, as interpreted by the Supreme Court in its 1978 decision in the case of University of California v. Bakke, permitted it to consider race and ethnicity in its admissions in order to achieve the educational benefits of a diverse student body. (The Bakke decision stated that there must be a \"compelling governmental interest\" to justify the use of race in admissions. The university asserted that diversity was just such an interest.)

In both lawsuits, groups of students and citizens petitioned to intervene in support of the university's admissions policy. Although their intervention was initially denied by the district courts, in August 1999 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit allowed the intervention and made the student and citizen groups full parties in the case. The intervenors defended the university's policy on the basis that it was needed to remedy past and/or present discrimination against people of color. In the LS&A case, the intervenors included 17 African-American and Latino students who applied or planned to apply to the university and the group Citizens for Affirmative Action Preservation. In the Law School case, the intervenors included 41 students and three groups: United for Equality and Affirmative Action, the Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action By Any Means Necessary, and Law Students for Affirmative Action.

Many organizations and entities filed \"friend of the Court\" (amicus) briefs in the Court of Appeals for both sides of the case. Organizations filing briefs in support of the university's position included General Motors Corporation, the American Bar Association, the American Council on Education, the National Organization for Women (NOW) Legal Defense Fund, the Attorney General of Michigan, and a group of Fortune 500 companies including Microsoft, Intel, Pfizer and others. Organizations filing amicus briefs in support of the plaintiffs included the National Association of Scholars.

On December 13, 2000, Judge Patrick Duggan ruled without a trial and granted summary judgment in the university's favor in the Gratz case. Finding that the pursuit of the educational benefits of diversity is a compelling governmental interest, he ruled that the university's current admissions policy, in place since 1999, was fully constitutional, but that its admissions policy from 1995 to 1998 was unconstitutional. In a separate opinion, Duggan rejected the intervenors' alternative argument defending the policy. CIR has petitioned to appeal the judgment about the current admissions process and the university has petitioned to cross-appeal the ruling on the unconstitutionality of the admissions process for the years 1995 to 1998.

From January 16 through February 16, 2001, a limited trial on the specifics of the Law School admissions process was held. On March 27, 2001, Judge Bernard Friedman issued a decision for Grutter finding that the educational benefits of diversity were not a compelling interest, and that the specifics of the Law School's policy were not \"narrowly tailored\" to that interest. He also struck down the intervenors' defense, saying that it was essentially based on remedying societal discrimination and impermissible. He issued an order that the Law School cease considering race in its admissions process. The university immediately appealed the ruling and filed a motion for a stay of injunction. On April 5, 2001, the Court of Appeals issued a stay of the District Court order, allowing the Law School to continue using its current admissions policy while the appeal proceeds.

In October 2001, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals granted the plaintiffs' motion for hearing oral arguments en banc. The hearings were scheduled for December 2001. In May 2002 the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals held in the Grutter case that the Law School's admissions policy is constitutional, reversing the March 27, 2001 decision of Judge Friedman. From August 2002 to October 2002 petitions for certiorari, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to view the Grutter and Gratz case were filed. In December 2002 the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari before judgment on the Constitutional issue only in Gratz and granted certiorari in the Grutter case. Oral arguments were heard before the U.S. Supreme Court in Gratz and Grutter on April 1, 2003. A decision from the U.S. Supreme Court was delivered on June 23, 2003. In a 5-4 vote, the U.S. Supreme Court justices upheld the University of Michigan Law School admissions policy ( Grutter v. Bollinger, et. al ) and in a 6-3 vote struck down the university's undergraduate admissions policy ( Gratz and Hamacher v. Bollinger, et. al). On July 18, 2003, the plaintiff in Grutter v. Bollinger et al. filed a petition with the U.S. Supreme Court requesting to rehear the case. The petition for rehearing of Grutter was denied on August 25, 2003.

At the time of this writing, the University Michigan Office of Undergraduate Admissions has announced a new process for reviewing student applications that will include more individualized review. This process will be in place for those students applying for admissions for the Fall 2004 term.

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Writer, director, producer.

From the description of Reminiscences of Norman Corwin : oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122440908From the description of Reminiscences of Norman Corwin : oral history, 1966. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122513150

Dramatist.

From the description of Norman Lewis Corwin papers, 1941-1942. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 145381238

Norman Corwin (1910-2011) was an American writer, screenwriter, producer, essayist and teacher of journalism and writing. His early radio programs included love stories, satire, biography, fantasy, mystery, Bible stories, travelogues, history, media analyses, philosophy, and current events. He has been called America's \"poet laureate of radio.\" On May 8, 1945, his one-hour live broadcast on the occasion of the end of World War II, On A Note of Triumph, drew 60 million listeners; poet Carl Sandburg praised it as \"one of the all-time great American poems.\"

Corwin is also the author of several books, including Holes In A Stained Glass Window (1978) and Trivializing America (1983), and his script for the movie Lust For Life (1957) was nominated for an Oscar. His television credits include his 1971 series \"Norman Corwin Presents.\" In the 1990s he began a new series of radio program for National Public Radio, whose casts have included William Shatner, Jack Lemmon, Charles Kuralt, Martin Landau, Hume Cronyn, and Charles Durning.

As of 2008 Corwin was still very active in his field, writing a monthly column on media, chairing two award committees for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, and serving as a Writer in Residence at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication.

Corwin was recognized many times over his career for his achievements; his awards include a Peabody (1941, the first year they were awarded), the One World Award (1946), a duPont-Columbia Award, and an Honorary Doctorate from Lincoln College (1990). He was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 1993, and in 2006 a documentary film on his life ( A Note of Triumph: The Golden Age of Norman Corwin ) won an Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Feature).

\"I have no apology to make for the affirmative tone of these scripts. I am convinced we will get where we want to go. It will be be grim en route, but I think there is nothing to be said for cynicism and despair, and everything to be said for getting out and working toward a better world.\" -- from the foreword to Untitled and Other Radio Dramas

[Portions of this biographical sketch adapted from Norman Corwin's official website and his USC Annenberg Faculty Page.]

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Biography/History

Saida Gerrard: b. April 9, 1923, Toronto, Canada. d. May 4, 2005, Los Angeles, California.

Saida Gerrard was a performer, choreographer, student and teacher of modern dance. She grew up in Toronto, Canada in a family of Russian Jewish immigrants. Her parents were amateur musicians who exposed her to music and dance at an early age. As a child, she studied music and dance at the Hambourg Conservatory of Music in Toronto and at the Toronto Conservatory of Music, including Dalcroze Eurythmics with Madeleine Boss Lasserre. She would go on to study dance and perform with some of the greatest individuals in modern dance, including Vilzak-Scholler, Margaret Craske, Hanya Holm, Louis Horst, Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, Martha Graham, Fe Alf, Amy Sternberg, and Benjamin Zemach.

In the late 1930s Gerrard moved to New York where she studied on scholarship with Hanya Holm at the Mary Wigman School. From 1943-1948, she studied modern dance techniques with Martha Graham. In 1945, she joined the Charles Weidman Company. During this time she studied composition with Weidman, Louis Horst and Doris Humphrey. She was a principal dancer with the Charles Weidman Company on three national and five East Coast tours. Gerrard performed with Hanya Holm and Weidman for a festival at the New York City Center. She was also a principal dancer and soloist at festivals in Vermont, Massachusetts and New York. In addition to her dance performances she served as the Assistant Choreographer and soloist with the New York City Opera in performances of Aida, Traviata, and Love of Three Oranges . From 1945-1953, she frequently returned to Canada to serve as a guest artist with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. Gerrard taught the Graham Technique in New York from 1945 until 1950. From 1950-1953, she taught at the Humphrey-Weidman School.

In 1953, Gerrard moved to Los Angeles with her American pianist husband Aube Tzerko. While in Los Angeles, Gerrard taught masters classes and gave lectures, demonstrations, and workshops at USC, UCLA, the Idyllwild Arts Festival, Los Angeles City College, the University of Judaism, Pasadena City College, as well as, a variety of other colleges and high schools throughout Southern California. She also gave performances and lectures on Hebraic dance and modern dance with Jewish themes at many of the Los Angeles area Jewish temples. From 1953-1960, Gerrard performed with the Saida Gerrard Theater Dance Company for the Long Beach Symphony, the Idyllwild Arts Festival, Bovard Auditorium at USC Schoenberg Hall at UCLA and at the University of Judaism in Los Angeles. She choreographed and performed the operas The Consul at USC, Secret of Suzanne at the University of Judaism, and Hansel and Gretel for three consecutive years at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, CA.

In 1960, Gerrard began teaching at the University of Judaism in Los Angeles. She was the Director of the Saida Gerrard School of Contemporary Dance, where she taught technique and choreography for adults, children, actors, and singers, from 1957-1970. From 1960-1964, Gerrard toured the West Coast with her Saida Gerrard Theatre Dance Company and performed twenty-seven concerts under the management of Columbia Artists. She choreographed and performed with a group of thirty dancers. Her company performed New Exodus with symphony and choir at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, and at the Shrine Auditorium and Wilshire-Ebell Theater in Los Angeles. She choreographed Don Giovanni in 1964, for the first season of the Los Angeles Opera, which was then called the Los Angeles Civic Grand Opera, at the new Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. From 1965-1969, Gerrard continued to perform and choreograph her works such as Marais and Miranda at the Morgan Theater in Santa Monica; Pimpinone at Royce Hall, UCLA; and The Bartered Bride at the Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. In 1973, she staged two Los Angeles performances, The Measure Taken by Bertolt Brecht at the Mark Taper Forum and The Golem at the Gindi Auditorium. The following year she staged sixteen performances as the Director of Dance for Theater Arts Program of Los Angeles. In 1975, Gerrard received a grant from the California Arts Commission, which she used to stage a performance of Ancestral Memories, music by Aaron Copland, with the Theater Dance Company at the Gindi Auditorium in Los Angeles.

Gerrard began working in Aspen, Colorado in 1971. She taught, studied, danced, and staged performances there until 1977. She choreographed contemporary opera and works by Mozart, Stravinsky, and resident composers; attended seminars at the Institute for the Humanities; and conducted summer workshops for Colorado Mountain College. In 1971, Gerrard became the Director and teacher of dance and choreography for the Aspen Music School and Opera. She would continue in this position until 1977.

In 1977, Gerrard again focused her work in the Los Angeles area. She taught dance and choreography at the University of Judaism, where she also served as the Chairwoman of the Modern Dance Department, and at the Immaculate Heart College in Los Angeles from 1977-1980. In 1980, she began teaching dance and choreography at Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles. She was also the Founder, Director and Choreographer for the Saida Gerrard Heritage Dance Company, which performed at the Immaculate Heart College, Temple Judea, University Synagogue, Temple Emmanuel, Stephen Wise Temple, and the Leo Baeck Temple, all of which are located in Los Angeles. The Heritage Dance Company focused on works related to her Jewish heritage.

Saida Gerrard's commissions included choreographed oratorios for the New York Philharmonic Chorus and the Toronto Peoples Chorus; Song of Miriam for the Detroit Folk Choir; New Exodus (Di Naye Hagode) for the Chicago Philharmonic Chorus and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Choir; and a grant from the California Arts Commission to choreograph Ancestral Memories . She performed as a soloist and principal dancer with the Toronto City Orchestra; Chicago Chamber Orchestra; Detroit Little Symphony Orchestra; Detroit Folk Choirs; Carnegie Hall and Town Hall Concerts, New York; and the Charles Weidman Theatre Dance Company. Gerrard served as the Director for the Carousel Dance Theatre for Children and the Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, III, Dance School; the Saida Gerrard Heritage Dance Company; the Aspen Music School and Opera; and the Modern Dance Department at the University of Judaism. She was the founder of the Sutro-Syler Dance Studio; the Carousel Theater; and the Heritage Dance Company. Her performances included Death and Transfiguration (1935); Dance Suite-Songs of Unrest (1935); Sea Shanties (1937), set to music composed by her husband, Aube Tzerko; and Die Naye Hagodah (1949), choreographed to Max Helfman's choral tone poem.

Saida Gerrard retired from dancing in 1989. Her husband Aube Tzerko passed away in September 1995. While in retirement Gerrard continued to promote dance and the arts in education. She remained in Los Angeles until her death in 2005. She is survived by her niece, Lisa Gerrard, who donated her aunt's papers to USC.

From the guide to the Saida Gerrard Collection, 1930-1980, (USC Libraries Special Collections)

Administrative History

The Office of the Provost provides academic leadership to the University of Southern California (USC). As USC's second ranking official and the chief academic officer, the Provost reports directly to the USC President. The Provost supervises all academic programs and support functions, faculty affairs, student academic affairs, and academic planning. The Provost is also a principal participant in collaborative decision-making on issues such as fundraising and endowment, the management of auxiliary services, and USC's health services.

The Office of the Provost is accountable for the oversight, coordination, budget, and review of USC's academic units and initiatives. This includes the seventeen schools and two hospitals (as of 2012), educational policies, deans and faculty, research and grants, and strategic planning.

From the guide to the University of Southern California Office of the Provost records, Bulk, 1973-2007, 1939-2007, (USC Libraries Special Collections)", "altNames": [ "University of Southern California. 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McGaw (1897-1986), the American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC) served as a major supplier of health care products to hospitals in the United States and around the world through subsidiaries for over half a century. The AHSC maintained its position of leader in the health care industry until the corporation was acquired by competitor Baxter Travenol in a merger on November 25, 1985.The AHSC dominated the hospital supply field during the 1930s and 1940s by changing the way hospital supplies were marketed, designating regional salesman who made frequent sales calls. The AHSC continued to dominate the field by diversifying its product line and later by pursuing vertical integration of suppliers.The 1950s and 1960s was a period of strong growth for the AHSC. In 1953, the AHSC reported sales surpassing $37.5 million. Ten years later, sales had jumped to $150 million. By 1964, the AHSC sold to 19 out of 20 hospitals in America. The AHSC also employed one out of every 46 workers in America as well. While the tremendous success enjoyed by the AHSC was a result of the corporations strong leadership, the growth of the hospital industry also played a vital role increasing sales for the AHSC. From 1946 to 1962, the number of hospital beds rose 15%. During that same time, hospital admissions rose by 70%.Throughout the history of the AHSC, Foster G. McGaw played a prominent role in the direction of the corporation. McGaw's influence on the day-to-day operations of the AHSC lessened as the corporation expanded and branched out into manufacturing during the 1960s and 1970s. Despite McGaw's waning influence within the AHSC executive structure, he still maintained a role of father figure to the corporation.For more information about the AHSC, see Growth Through Service: The Story of the American Hospital Supply Corporation by Frederick D. Sturdivant (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970). -- From the guide to the American Hospital Supply Corporation Records, 1920-1986, (Northwestern University Archives)", "altNames": [ "AHSC" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/295840392" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68j1wwm" ], "airtableId": "recOaUY7kxcRSiWcj" }, "snac": { "snacId": "19897319", "description": "

Founded in 1922 by Foster G. McGaw (1897-1986), the American Hospital Supply Corporation (AHSC) served as a major supplier of health care products to hospitals in the United States and around the world through subsidiaries for over half a century. The AHSC maintained its position of leader in the health care industry until the corporation was acquired by competitor Baxter Travenol in a merger on November 25, 1985.

The AHSC dominated the hospital supply field during the 1930s and 1940s by changing the way hospital supplies were marketed, designating regional salesman who made frequent sales calls. The AHSC continued to dominate the field by diversifying its product line and later by pursuing vertical integration of suppliers.

The 1950s and 1960s was a period of strong growth for the AHSC. In 1953, the AHSC reported sales surpassing $37.5 million. Ten years later, sales had jumped to $150 million. By 1964, the AHSC sold to 19 out of 20 hospitals in America. The AHSC also employed one out of every 46 workers in America as well. While the tremendous success enjoyed by the AHSC was a result of the corporations strong leadership, the growth of the hospital industry also played a vital role increasing sales for the AHSC. From 1946 to 1962, the number of hospital beds rose 15%. During that same time, hospital admissions rose by 70%.

Throughout the history of the AHSC, Foster G. McGaw played a prominent role in the direction of the corporation. McGaw's influence on the day-to-day operations of the AHSC lessened as the corporation expanded and branched out into manufacturing during the 1960s and 1970s. Despite McGaw's waning influence within the AHSC executive structure, he still maintained a role of father figure to the corporation.

For more information about the AHSC, see Growth Through Service: The Story of the American Hospital Supply Corporation by Frederick D. Sturdivant (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970).

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Robert Burton House was executive secretary, 1926-1934, dean of administration, 1934-1945, and chancellor, 1945-1957, of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill campus; lecturer in the UNC English Department, 1957-1962; author; and public speaker.

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Epithet: piano teacher

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California poet. Raised near Vacaville, became a schoolteacher in Coloma and later in Oakland. Became famous overnight with publication of \"The Man with a Hoe,\" his protest against brutalization of labor, in \"San Francisco Examiner\" (January 15, 1899). Following this success Markham moved to New York where he scored another triumph with \"Lincoln and Other Poems\" (1901). He became a well-known reader of his own poems and lecturer of idealistic views, but his creative output for remainder of life enjoyed scant critical acclaim.

From the description of Edwin Markham poems, 1899-1931. (University of the Pacific). WorldCat record id: 34775117

Biographical Note

1852, Apr. 23Born Charles Edward Anson Markham, Oregon City, Oregon Territory18571870Attended school in Suisan and Santa Clara valleys, Calif.circa1870Obtained teaching certificate, California College, Vacaville, Calif.1872Graduated, San Jose Normal School, San Jose, Calif.1874Attended Christian College, Santa Rosa, Calif.1875Married Annie Cox (divorced 1884)18751899Teacher, principal, and school superintendent in Southern California1880Published \"The Gulf of Night\"1887Married Caroline E. Bailey (divorced)1898Married Anna Catherine Murphy (died 1938)1899Published \"The Man with the Hoe,\" San Francisco ExaminerPublished The Man with the Hoe. New York: Doxey'scirca 1900Moved to New York, N.Y.1901Published Lincoln and Other Poems. New York: McClure, Phillips1902Met Florence Hamilton, later his confidential secretary and lecture manager1910Charter member, Poetry Society of America1914Published with Benjamin B. Lindsey and George Creel Children in Bondage. New York: Hearst's International LibraryPublished California the Wonderful. New York: Hearst's International Library1915Published The Shoes of Happiness, and Other Poems. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page1920Published Gates of Paradise and Other Poems. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page19211940Poet laureate of Oregon1922Read \"Lincoln, Man of the People\" at dedication of Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C.1925Published Foundation Stones of Success. Chicago: Howard-Severance Co.1926Publication of \"The Ballad of the Gallows Bird,\" Century Magazine1927Published The Book of Poetry. New York: W. H. Wise1929Elected to the Academy of Arts and Letters1930Published Songs and Stories. Los Angeles: Powell Publishing Co.1932Published New Poems: Eighty Songs at Eighty. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran.1933Awarded honorary Literary Doctorate, St. Lawrence University, Canton, N.Y.1936Lecture tour in Mexico1937Published The Star of Araby. Stapleton, N.Y.: J. Willig PressAwarded $5,000 prize by Academy of American PoetsDeclared mentally incompetent by a court in New York1938Recorded \"Edwin Markham Himself,\" a phonograph album of his principal poems1940, Mar. 7Died, Staten Island, N.Y.From the guide to the Florence Hamilton Collection Relating to Edwin Markham, 1857-1959, (bulk 1926-1942), (Manuscript Division Library of Congress)", "birthDate": "1852-04-23", "deathDate": "3/7/1940", "altNames": [ "Markham, Edwin, 1852-1940" ], "subjects": [ "Poets, American--Manuscripts", "Literature", "American poetry--History and criticism", "American literature--20th century", "American poetry--20th century", "Poets, American", "Literature--American Poetry", "Poets, American--20th century--Correspondence", "Lectures and lecturing", "Poets, American--Correspondence", "Poets, American--Biographies", "Religious thought", "Fiction--20th century--History and criticism", "Poetry", "Historic buildings", "American literature--19th century", "Northwest, Pacific Poetry", "Poets, American--19th century--Correspondence", "American poetry", "Oregon", "Authors, American--20th century--Correspondence", "Religion", "Historic buildings--New York (State)--New York", "Authors, American--19th century--Correspondence", "Proofs (Printing)", "Poets, American--19th century" ], "placeNames": [ "Coloma", "San Francisco", "Vacaville", "Rio de Janeiro", "Brooklyn", "Staten Island", "Oakland" ], "occupations": [ "Poets, American", "Lecturers", "Educators", "Poets" ], "airtableId": "recfCMFTcEbnUyX1o" }, "airtableId": "recXyrh6uYr0SDelj" }, { "id": "leitner-wn", "name": "Leitner, W.N.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recXyuKOryAuOpnnB" }, { "id": "ward-eugene", "name": "Ward, Eugene", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recXzhpodlaxhtxSQ" }, { "id": "kmeb-television-station-wailuku-hawaii", "name": "KMEB (Television station : Wailuku, Hawaii)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recXzsiUY9zPMBZRG" }, { "id": "erickson-clifford-g", "name": "Erickson, Clifford G.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recXzzIytW9EYgkIv" }, { "id": "sherk-h-dennis", "name": "Sherk, H. 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He served as the United States Representative from the 10th congressional district of Texas from 1949 to 1963. From 1963 to 1965 he was Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, and he was a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from 1965 to 1978. Thornberry was born in Austin, Texas. His parents were teachers in the State School for the Deaf and were themselves deaf. He attended public schools in Austin and graduated from Austin High School in 1927.[citation needed] He received a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1932 from the University of Texas at Austin and his Bachelor of Laws in 1936, from the University of Texas School of Law, where he was a member of the Acacia fraternity. He was in private practice of law in Austin from 1936 to 1941. He was a Member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1937 to 1941. He was district attorney of Travis County, Texas from 1941 to 1942. He was a United States Navy Lieutenant Commander from 1942 to 1946. He was in private practice of law in Austin from 1946 to 1948. He was a Member of the Austin City Council from 1946 to 1948. 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Lawyer, Cleveland mayor, Ohio governor, and senator from Ohio.

From the description of Letter, 1964 Oct. 30. (Ohio Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 41283828

Governor of Ohio, 1945-1947 and 1949-1957; U.S. Senator, 1957-1968.

From the description of Autograph, [ca. 1950]. (Ohio University). 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John William Gardner (1912-2002) was vice president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York from 1949 to 1955, and president of the Carnegie Corporation from 1955 to 1965. He was a member of President Kennedy's Task Force on Education in 1960, on President Johnson's Task Force on Education in 1964, and he served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1965 to 1968.

From the description of Gardner, John William, 1912-2002 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10582465

American foundation executive; chairman, Common Cause, 1970-1977.

From the description of John William Gardner miscellaneous papers, 1970-1988. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754872080

Served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1965 to 1968, and subsequently became chairman of the National Urban Coalition. He founded the organizations Common Cause and Independent Sector. He is the author of several books on education and leadership. In 1964, Professor Gardner was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He is currently a professor in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University.

From the description of John W. Gardner papers, 1961-1992. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122553129

Foundation executive, government official.

From the description of Reminiscences of John William Gardner : oral history, 1969. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 86158292

John Gardner earned his B.A. and M.A. in Psychology from Stanford University and his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. Gardner served as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under President Lyndon Johnson from 1965-1968. He founded the citizen's advocacy group Common Cause and was the chairman of the Commission on White House Fellowships. Gardner served on the Stanford University Board of Trustees from 1968 to 1982. He was a founding member of the national advisory board of the Haas Center for Public Service and remained active with the center. In 1989, Gardner was named the first Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor in Public Service. He was a consulting professor in the School of Education at the time of his death in 2002.

From the description of John W. Gardner papers, 1935-2004. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754864755

Philanthropist.

From the description of Reminiscences of John W. Gardner : oral history, 1998. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 269255291

Executive.

From the description of Reminiscences of John W. Gardner : oral history, 1985. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122620525

Biographical/Historical Sketch

John Gardner earned his B.A. and M.A. in Psychology from Stanford University and his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. Gardner served as the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under President Lyndon Johnson from 1965-1968. He founded the citizen's advocacy group Common Cause and was the chairman of the Commission on White House Fellowships. Gardner served on the Stanford University Board of Trustees from 1968 to 1982. He was a founding member of the national advisory board of the Haas Center for Public Service and remained active with the center. In 1989, Gardner was named the first Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor in Public Service. He was a consulting professor in the School of Education at the time of his death in 2002.

From the guide to the John W. Gardner papers, 1935-2004, (Department of Special Collections and University Archives)

Biography

Served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1965 to 1968, and subsequently became chairman of the National Urban Coalition. He founded the organizations Common Cause and Independent Sector. He is the author of several books on education and leadership. In 1964, Professor Gardner was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He is currently a professor in the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University.

From the guide to the Gardner, John William, 1912 - . Papers, 1961-1992, (Stanford University. Libraries. Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives.)

Biographical/Historical Note

American foundation executive; chairman, Common Cause, 1970-1977.

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Born Jaunary 2, 1928, Chicago, IL; died August 11, 2010. Politician, United States Congressman. Illinois state representative in the 68th general assembly in 1952 and a member of the Illinois state senate from 1954 to 1956. Rostenkowski was first elected as a Democrat to the 86th United States Congress in 1959 and served in seventeen succeeding Congresses (1959 to 1995). While in Congress he served as the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means from the 97th through the 103rd Congresses, and the Joint Committe on Taxation during the 97th through 101st Congresses.

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The Voice of America Forum Lectures in American Poetry series was broadcast internationally by the Voice of America radio program, which covered topics in the arts and sciences in mid-twentieth century America.

From the description of Voice of America Forum Lectures in American Poetry series scripts, circa 1965. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702202512

American governmental agency broadcasting by radio to audiences in foreign countries.

From the description of Voice of America radio broadcast transcripts, 1948-1953. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754867411

Broadcasting organization of the United States government founded in 1941 as a division of the Office of War Information. The Voice of America recorded radio programs from commercial radio stations in the United States and rebroadcast them in Europe.

From the guide to the Voice of America collection of broadcast recordings, 1942-1955, (The New York Public Library. Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound.)

Voice of America broadcast about the Jewish Foundation for Education of Women and its retraining program for Soviet women emigrants.

From the description of Broadcast, n.d. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007848

Broadcasting organization of the United States government founded in 1941 as a division of the Office of War Information.

The Voice of America recorded radio programs from commercial radio stations in the United States and rebroadcast them in Europe.

From the description of Voice of America collection of broadcast recordings [sound recording], 1942-1955. (New York Public Library). 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Broadcasting executive.

Joint Committee on Educational Television executive director, 1951-1960; Oregon State System of Higher Education associate dean and director of educational media, 1960-1974.

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Baxter hosted the Emmy Award-winning CBS series Shakespeare on TV beginning in 1954, as well as the ABC drama series Telephone Time in 1957 and 1958, the US broadcast of the BBC's 15-part presentation of Shakespeare's history plays, An Age of Kings, in 1961, and NBC's The Bell Telephone Hour throughout the 1960s. Additional Baxter television series for CBS included Renaissance on TV (1956-57), devoted to classical philosophy, literature, and art, and Now and Then (1954-55), which enlightened viewers on subjects ranging from Altimira cave drawings to Elizabethan naval battles. Baxter's Emmy Award-winning Harvest on NBC in the mid-1950s highlighted great achievements in art, literature, public affairs, and science. In 1966, Baxter hosted a popular TV series called The Four Winds to Adventure, featuring filmmakers exploring little-known areas of the world, crossing continents and oceans to explore the histories and customs of local people or the animals unique to a particular region. The Written Word, a 15-part series on the history of books and printing featuring Baxter as presenter, aired nationwide in 1958 on both educational and commercial networks including ABC. Baxter was a frequent guest star on TV shows in the 1950s and 60s, often portraying himself since he was so well-known throughout America. His TV acting credits included The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, Playhouse 90, The Tennessee Ernie Ford Show, Mr. Novak, and more than a dozen others. 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Stasheff began his career in educational television in 1945 as a moderator, and later consultant, at CBS Television. In 1948 he left the Board of Education to became director of educational and religious programs for New York TV station WPIX and the next year became the station's assistant program manager. In 1950 he moved to ABC-TV where he directed the network series, \"I Cover Times Square.\" In 1952 Stasheff joined the faculty at the University of Michigan as Professor of Speech, Communication and Theater, a position he held until his retirement in 1977. While at UM, he took occasional leaves of absence to serve in a variety of professional positions. These included work with National Educational Television, the Over-seas Development Program of the Ford Foundation, and the Instructional Television Trust of Israel where he served as Director of Production for 1965-66. Professor Stasheff is the co-author of one general speech text, a book on Shakespeare, and three books in the field of broadcasting, as well as author of many articles for professional journals. His basic TV textbook, The Television Program: Its Direction and Production, has gone through five revisions since 1952, and has been translated into Arabic, Hebrew, and Portuguese. From the guide to the Edward Stasheff papers, 1942-1981, (Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan) ", "altNames": [ "Stasheff, Edward", "Stasheff, Adolph Edward" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79066596" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/77589333" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79066596" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6v15xs9" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "television-in-education", "title": "Television in education" } ], "airtableId": "rec1EFbGwViHxfLei" }, "snac": { "snacId": "955809", "description": "

Educational television broadcaster, professor of speech at the University of Michigan, 1952-1977.

From the description of Edward Stasheff papers, 1942-1981. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34421505

Edward Stasheff received his BA and MA degrees from Columbia University. He began his career in broadcasting at a radio station operated by the New York City Board of Education, WNYE, after having taught English and speech for twelve years in New York high schools.

Stasheff began his career in educational television in 1945 as a moderator, and later consultant, at CBS Television. In 1948 he left the Board of Education to became director of educational and religious programs for New York TV station WPIX and the next year became the station's assistant program manager. In 1950 he moved to ABC-TV where he directed the network series, \"I Cover Times Square.\"

In 1952 Stasheff joined the faculty at the University of Michigan as Professor of Speech, Communication and Theater, a position he held until his retirement in 1977. While at UM, he took occasional leaves of absence to serve in a variety of professional positions. These included work with National Educational Television, the Over-seas Development Program of the Ford Foundation, and the Instructional Television Trust of Israel where he served as Director of Production for 1965-66.

Professor Stasheff is the co-author of one general speech text, a book on Shakespeare, and three books in the field of broadcasting, as well as author of many articles for professional journals. His basic TV textbook, The Television Program: Its Direction and Production, has gone through five revisions since 1952, and has been translated into Arabic, Hebrew, and Portuguese.

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French composer.

From the description of Autograph letter signed, dated : [n.p., Paris?], 11 June 1958, to [René Dumesnil], 1958 June 11. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270671960

Born on January 10, 1910 in Lyon, the French conductor and composer, Jean Martinon entered the Lyon and Paris conservatoires to study the violin. At Lyon, his teacher was Maurice Foundray and at the Paris Conservatory, he studied violin technique with Jules Boucherit. While at the Paris conservatory, Martinon took composition with Albert Roussel and Vincent d'Indy. After completing the composition courses, he studied conducting with Charles Munch and Désormière. He graduated from the Paris Conservatory in 1928, winning a premier prix.

Martinon's familiarity with conducting started in France, followed by various appointments in Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. In 1946, he embarked on a conducting career directing the Concerts du Conservatoire in Paris and the Bordeaux Symphony. The successful debut with the LPO led to his appointment as associate conductor of the orchestra in 1947. From 1947-1950 Martinon directed the Radio Eireann orchestra, Dublin and in 1951, he returned to Paris to conduct the Concerts Lamoureux until 1957. From 1957-1959, Martinon conducted the Israel Philharmonic. His appointment as the next conductor of the Düsseldorf Symphony occurred in 1959. Martinon was in Düsseldorf until 1963 when the Chicago Symphony Orchestra selected him as their music director, a position he held until 1968. During that same year, he returned to France to direct the French National Radio Orchestra and served as the principal conductor of the Hague Residentie–Orkest from 1974 until shortly before his death in 1976.

Martinon's extensive experience as a composer led to his approach to conducting. The Symphoniette pour orchestre á cordes, piano, harpe et timbales, op. 16, from 1935, is one of three first attempts at composition. After enlisting in the war, Martinon's imprisonment in a German camp, Stalag IX A, resulted in several new compositions, Psaume 136, le Chant des Captifs, Musique d'Exil, Sonatina No.3, Sonatina No. 4 for wind instruments, and various choral works. In 1946, the city of Paris awarded a prize to his composition le Chant des Captifs. After the war, other notable compositions include Symphonie no. 3 (Irlandaise), the Concerto no. 2 pour violin et orchestre, op. 5, dedicated to Szeryng, and the Concerto pour cello et orchestre, op. 52, composed for Pierre Fournier. For the stage Martinon composed two works, the ballet Ambohimanga ou la Cité Bleue and in 1949 the opera Hécube with a libretto by Serge Moreux. Symphony no.4 Altitudes was the outcome of a commission from the Chicago Symphony to commemorate its 75th anniversary.

Martinon had recently taken on a position at the Paris Conservatory to teach conducting when he died from a serious illness on March 1, 1976.

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From the combined records of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), held by the University of Maryland and the Wisconsin Historical Society, and compiled as part of the Unlocking the Airwaves project (unlockingtheairwaves.org).", "birthDate": "July 2, 1903", "deathDate": "October 16, 1995", "subjects": [ "Public broadcasting", "Radio", "Educational broadcasting", "Public radio", "Radio broadcasting" ], "placeNames": [ "Ohio", "Columbus (Ohio)" ], "occupations": [ "Engineer" ], "associatedWith": [ "Ohio State University", "National Association of Educational Broadcasters" ], "airtableId": "reccjoVMKAkU7pHf5" }, "airtableId": "recbl0MwU328bifYp" }, { "id": "mcwhinnie-donald", "name": "McWhinnie, Donald", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q24810057", "name": "Donald McWhinnie", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_McWhinnie", "birthDate": "1920-10-16T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1987-10-08T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Rotherham", "description": " Donald McWhinnie (16 October 1920 – 8 October 1987) was a BBC executive and later a radio, television, and stage director. Educated at Rotherham Grammar School, McWhinnie worked for the BBC in administrative roles in the 1940s and 1950s and was drama Script Editor from 1951 to 1953. In the later 1950s, he became a radio director, and from the 1960s to the 1980s he was a director of television drama. ", "occupation": [ "theater director", "television director" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/167395126" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6ps5gw9" ], "airtableId": "recu8BSrmvZ1qHyEN" }, "snac": { "snacId": "67873652", "altNames": [ "McWhinnie, Donald." ], "airtableId": "recTslYq04CSQ0fQK" }, "airtableId": "recblnv0TPTxNJDxc" }, { "id": "givings-james-gaylord", "name": "Givings, James-Gaylord", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recbmFrqStT9vunEJ" }, { "id": "edwards-eddie-1891-1963", "name": "Edwards, Eddie, 1891-1963", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recbmXjGdQ0nwc8Wj" }, { "id": "murdoch-iris", "name": "Murdoch, Iris", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recboExJfmnP3A5K7" }, { "id": "university-of-chicago", "name": "University of Chicago", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q131252", "name": "University of Chicago", "wikidataLabelDescription": "private university in Chicago, Illinois", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago", "inceptionDate": "1890", "description": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi ) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the best universities in the world and it is among the most selective in the United States. The university is composed of an undergraduate college and five graduate research divisions, which contain all of the university's graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees. Chicago has eight professional schools: the Law School, the Booth School of Business, the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, the Harris School of Public Policy, the Divinity School, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies, and the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. The university has additional campuses and centers in London, Paris, Beijing, Delhi, and Hong Kong, as well as in downtown Chicago. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/university-of-chicago.png", "altNames": [ "University of Chicago.", "Universidad de Chicago", "Chicago Üniversitesi", "Chicago. University", "Chicago Üniversitesi", "Universität von Chicago", "U Chicago", "uchicago.edu", "UChicago", "Chicago University", "U of C" ], "memberOf": [ "Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition", "Center for Research Libraries", "Coalition for Networked Information", "Consortium of Social Science Associations" ], "website": [ "http://www.uchicago.edu" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79058404" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/153569808", "https://viaf.org/viaf/143657677" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79058404" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6449cnx" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Chicago (Ill.)", "United States--Illinois--Chicago", "Illinois--Chicago", "Chicago", "United States of America" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "universities-and-colleges", "title": "Universities and colleges" } ], "airtableId": "recqXL3niYcocZNic" }, "snac": { "snacId": "71847871", "description": "

Most of the records in the collection pertain to the $400,000 raised by the American Baptist Education Society in 1889-1890 in order to obtain a 600,000 grant from John D. Rockefeller for the creation of an endowment for the University of Chicago. The first volume in the inventory, Record of Pledges for the University of Chicago, contains an alphabetical numbered listing of subscribers, amounts pledged, and payments made through 1906. The subscription forms and letters (1:4-13) are numbered to correspond to this list, and also include outright gifts that were not recorded in the book. The second Volume (1:1) contains a listing similar to that in the Record of Pledges, but records payments only to 1891; the third volume (1:2) lists actual payments made on pledges, by date. Also contained in the Record of Pledges are lists of subscribers to later fund drives, including funds raised to match subsequent gifts by Rockefeller and Martin A. Ryerson, and for special purposes such as the Woman's Building and oratorical prizes.

From the description of University of Chicago subscriptions for contributions records 1889-1906 (inclusive). (University of Chicago Library). WorldCat record id: 621073468

Formal planning for the seventy-fifth anniversary began in 1963 with the appointment of fifteen faculty members to the Committee on the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the University. The Committee organized a series of commemorative events that extended from January, 1966 to June, 1967 and included lectures and conferences, the publication of books, the mounting of special exhibits, and the groundbreaking or dedication of several major University buildings. The year of festivities culminated in the Seventy-fifth Anniversary Convocation held on May 5, 1967, at which twenty-six honorary degrees were awarded.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Seventy-fifth Anniversary. Records, 1960-1967, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

\"Cityspace: The Past of Urban Renewal and the Future of Community Development\" was a conference hosted by the University of Chicago on April 9 and 10, 2004. The conference was designed to \"combine perspective of both scholars and community activists and practitioners to uncover new and exciting ways of tackling the persistent challenges of racial and economic integration, access to knowledge, affordable housing and community revitalization.\" The conference was organized under the direction of the University of Chicago Dean of the Humanities Division Danielle Allen and included lectures, panel discussions, and workshops. Featured speakers and participants included University of Chicago President Don Randel, alderman Toni Preckwinkle, former alderman Leon Despres, and sociologist Mary Pattillo.

From the description of University of Chicago, Cityspace : The Past of Urban Renewal and The Future of Community Development records 2004 (University of Chicago Library). WorldCat record id: 608278644

International House at the University of Chicago was constructed in 1932 at 1414 East 59th Street through the support of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. His hope was

From the guide to the University of Chicago. International House Council. Records, 1959-1984, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

Held on April 9 and 10, 2004 at the University of Chicago, the Citypace: The Past of Urban Renewal and the Future of Community Development Conference was designed to encourage \"a conversation about the aims of today's community development projects. The conference was organized under the direction of the University of Chicago Dean of the Humanities Division Danielle Allen included lectures, panel discussions, and workshops. Featured speakers and participants included University of Chicago President Don Randel, alderman Toni Preckwinkle, former alderman Leon Despres, and sociologist Mary Pattillo.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Cityspace: The Past of Urban Renewal and the Future of Community Development. Records, 2004, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

John Manfred Rise (1899-1970) was a student at the College University of Chicago from 1918 to 1920.

From the guide to the Rise, John Manfred. Papers, 1919-1921, (Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

In 1902 the University of Chicago saw the need to construct a permanent central library. Plans for the new library were underway when the university's first President, William Rainey Harper, passed away in 1906. To honor his service to the university, it was decided that the new library would be dedicated to his memory. Construction began in 1910 when the first cornerstone was laid. The building was completed in June of 1912, when the first dedication ceremony took place. Harper Memorial Library served as the main library for the university until the Regestein Library opened in September of 1970. At this time, Harper Library and Wiebolt Hall (originally constructed in 1928) were renovated to preserve their unique architecture and make them better able to meet the university's growing needs. The rededication ceremony in 1973 marked the completion of these renovations and the transformation of the Harper Memorial Library from the university's main library to the new College Center, designed to be the distinctive home for the undergraduate College.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Harper College Center Rededication Records, 1912-1973, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

The Alumni Foundation was established in 1941 by University of Chicago alumni dedicated to raising money for undergraduate education.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Alumni Foundation. Records, 1941-1965, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

The Recorder's Office Discipline Record Book consists of two volumes relating investigations of student misconduct and disciplinary action taken against students between 1908 and 1933.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Recorder's Office. Discipline Record Book, 1908-1933, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

The Burton-Judson Courts (\"B-J\") Residence Hall opened in 1931 and was named after the second and third Presidents of the University of Chicago, Harry Pratt Judson (1906-1923), and Ernest DeWitt Burton (1923-1925). From its initial concept, presented in 1924 by President Burton, the residential hall has had a core aim to create a community within the larger University. The neo-Gothic building south of the Midway is comprised of six houses: Dodd-Mead, Chamberlin, Vincent, Coulter, Linn-Mathews, and Salisbury.

Jonathan Fanton was Resident Master of Burton-Judson Courts from 1978 to 1982. Under Fanton's efforts, the Faculty Fellows program of the residence hall took form. Fanton invited faculty members to become involved in the social events of the residence hall, attend special dinners in their honor with small groups of students, and provide personalized mentorship to incoming freshman residents. Fanton also led the organization of a momentous fiftieth anniversary celebration of the residence hall in November 1981.

Harold and Marlene Richman led Burton-Judson Courts from 1982 to 1992 as Resident Masters. They inherited Fanton's burgeoning Faculty Fellows program and built its ongoing, yearly success. Under the Richmans, a wide variety of resident activities and quarterly events flourished, including Cabaret Nights, the B-J Olympics, and the B-J Players' yearly musical theater productions. The B-J newsletter, Courtside, was started in 1984 and sent to the Faculty Fellows, among others, to keep them informed of the many events occurring in their adoptive residence hall.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Burton-Judson Courts. Records, 1929-2007, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

One of the five original divisions of the University, the Extension was created, much like its British counterparts, \"to bring as far as possible its [the University's] many advantages for culture and instruction to people who are prevented by circumstances from going to the University itself.\" President William Rainey Harper, veteran of the Chautauqua Movement and professor of Semitic languages, first defined the Extension's purposes and scope; under Harper's direction, adult education in the early University became a secular embodiment of his personal evangelical vision.

t the beginning the Extension Division was organized into six departments, each administered by a secretary who reported to the division's Director. Lecture-Study Department speakers went on tours throughout the Midwest to present evening and weekend courses. The Class-Study Department provided off-campus instruction in the city, offering courses similar to those available on campus; in the early years of the twentieth century, Class-Study began giving courses in subject areas requested by specific groups of people. Basic and remedial courses by mail came under the jurisdiction of Correspondence-Study. By 1897 the other three units-Examination, Library, and Training-had been absorbed by the first three; a department devoted to Bible study had been dropped even more quickly. Not until 1905, when the American Institute of Sacred Literature merged with the Extension, was Bible study restored.

In 1900 the Extension faculty lost its separate and statutory existence. The Board of University Extension assumed governing responsibility until 1916, when the Extension's administration and governance reverted to its Director.

Especially during the first quarter-century of its existence, the Extension served teachers and aspiring teachers. In 1898, aided by a grant from Mrs. Emmons Blaine, the University organized the downtown College of Teachers. Two years later it merged with the Class-Study Department under the name University College. University College was conceived as \"an arrangement for selecting and conducting courses of study at a place and time convenient for those who cannot attend ordinary courses at the Quadrangles.\" By 1911 the Lecture-Study Department had also been incorporated into University College, and its circuit riding program was discontinued. The Correspondence-Study Department remained part of the Extension and in April 1924 was renamed the Home-Study Department.

Beginning in the 1920s, but particularly during the 1930s and 1940s, University College developed educational programs in cooperation with specific professional groups, among them the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Meat Packers. Other specialized courses included those for mechanical and electrical engineers as well as for members of the printing and lithographic industries. During this same period University College expanded its services by tailoring courses to the needs of businessmen, civic leaders, and government administrators. Innovative offerings in the liberal arts, particularly the Great Books series and the Basic Program in Liberal Education for Adults, proved to be extremely popular. Capitalizing on the success Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler had with the Great Books courses, the Basic Program was a four-year liberal arts training program designed around group discussions and lectures on classical and modern literature. Other programs, such as the Institute of Statistics and the Institute of Public Service, survived only briefly in wartime conditions.

By the 1960s, University Extension enrollment had declined precipitously from the two previous decades. After 1963-64 the Home-Study Department ceased to exist, and the Downtown Center closed in 1974. By 1982 the University Extension had become part of the Center for Continuing Education. Though Its programs and course offerings have been reduced from earlier years, this entity continues to offer adult educational services, most of them non-credit, in the following areas: liberal education, including the Basic Program; business and professional courses, particularly in publishing, communications, and marketing; and higher education, including faculty symposia and seminars.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. University Extension. Records, 1892-1979, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

Primavera was a feminist literary magazine founded at the University of Chicago in 1975. It was conceived of by Janet Ruth Heller, Celia Josephson, and Deborah Gordon Fisher, and was proposed at the first meeting of the University of Chicago Feminist Organization. The intention was to give women an outlet for their creative work and also to counterbalance another campus publication, Wild Onions, which at the time published work mainly by men. The magazine had several unique attributes from its inception, particularly the invitation extended to all contributing authors and artists to sit on its editorial board, and the commitment to providing feedback for manuscripts that were not selected for publication. These practices could not be sustained for the life of the magazine, however, and by Issue 8 it was operating with a 6-person editorial board. In the mid-1980s the policy of returning all manuscripts with feedback was modified and authors given the option to request comments on their work.

Initially a student organization, the magazine received funding from the University, though that had to be supplemented by grants and loans to cover printing costs. In the 1980s Primavera began to have difficulty in continuing to secure University funding due to their women-only acceptance policy, though it remained affiliated with the University of Chicago until 1990. When the magazine went its own way, a nonprofit corporation was established (Moveable Type, Inc.), under whose auspices operations continued. It was around this time that Primavera began accepting submissions from men, though the focus remained on the lives and experiences of women.

Primavera came into being among many similar publications, among them Black Maria, Calyx, and Sing, Heavenly Muse! While these were all in some sense women's literary journals, they varied in focus. Primavera is notable for its lack of political content; very few essays were published, and the editorial focus was on the artistic merit of the pieces selected. The magazine was more concerned with reflecting the experiences of women than with encouraging activism or overt political messaging. The women reflected in its pages were often older than the demographic reflected by many feminist magazines, were more likely to come from the Midwest (or other areas besides the Northeast and West Coast, which were well represented in the mainstream feminist movement and its associated publications), and there was less of an emphasis on lesbian issues or experiences in Primavera than in some journals.

Issues for the feminist movement at large were also issues for Primavera. That Primavera was a Midwestern magazine placed it somewhat outside the (largely coastal) mainstream of the feminist movement. There was some initial difficulty in getting the magazine reviewed in Ms., which the editors may have felt had to do with the differing values, experiences, and needs of women in large coastal cities and women in the Midwest and south.

The magazine was the recipient of multiple Illinois Arts Council grants and literary awards, awards from Chicago Women in Publishing, and a Puffin Foundation grant used to translate poems by women from around the world. Notable authors who appeared in its pages include Louise Erdrich, 1997 Pulitzer Prize winner Lisel Mueller, Pamela Gemin, Michael Lee West, Diane Seuss, Lori Ostlund, and Chitra Divakaruni.

Members of Primavera's editorial board undertook other publishing-related work as well. In 1986 designer Lisa Grayson and editor Ruth Young worked on a side project preparing and publishing a booklet of early poems by Margaret Pearce Rummel, entitled The Other Side of the Hill. Grayson also work as a designer for other periodicals.

From the guide to the Primavera. Records, 1975-2006, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

After the initial money-raising effort for $400,000 to complement John D. Rockefeller's gift of $600,000 (which was to establish \"a new institution of higher learning in the West\" under the auspices of the American Baptist Education Society), public solicitation of funds played a very small part in building up the endowment of the young University of Chicago. Wealthy subscribers, headed by Mr. Rockefeller, provided the major share of necessary funds. Prior to 1924, the only fund-drive involving mass contributions from alumni and friends was the Harper Memorial Library Fund (begun 1908) when $250,000 was raised to complement the sum of $750,000 pledged by Mr. Rockefeller [see President's Papers 1889-1925.

In 1924 when the University announced a public campaign to double its endowment, many people including alumni were genuinely surprised that this University, which had by President Harper's wishes opened its doors in 1892 as if long established, should have pressing financial needs. The public assumed that the University was under the perpetual patronage of the Rockefellers and various wealthy Chicagoans. In fact, the University itself had not made any significant attempt to cultivate giving among its alumni--who were, after all, not yet strong in numbers. The 1924-26 Development Campaign was thus the first major public as well as private fund drive.

In 1941, with the experience of the 1924-26 campaign behind it, the University initiated another major development campaign to coincide with its Fiftieth Anniversary celebration. This too was a new departure since previous anniversary celebrations (or celebrations of \"Founder's Day\" as they were first called) had not been explicitly connected with development. As originally conceived, the Fiftieth Anniversary Committee on Development was a group of trustees appointed to oversee the Anniversary plans. It was, however, the Executive Committee of the Committee on Development under the direction of the Executive Chairman (a trustee) which provided the coordinating core for the 1941 events; the other members of this committee included the President of the University, the Executive Director the directors of the Alumni Foundation, the Anniversary Celebration, Foundations, Publicity, the Citizen's Committee, and various other administrative and staff personnel.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Development Campaigns and Anniversaries. Records, 1896-1941, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

The University of Chicago administers competitions that are sponsored both by the university itself and by outside groups or private endowments. The competitions represented in this collection are mostly privately-endowed prizes, awarded by the university to University of Chicago students. A brief account of some of the more notable prizes follows.

The Academy of American Poets Prize was established in 1955 by the academy for students at colleges and universities across the country. Participating schools can set certain standards for the competition, though no restrictions on poetic format/form are allowed. The prize is still in existence, but the University of Chicago no longer participates.

The Chicago Folklore Prize originally honored any contribution to folklore studies – essay, monograph, collection of material etc. It was established in 1904 by the American Folklore Society. The prize is still awarded, now for book-length works.

The David Blair McLaughlin Prize is an internal University of Chicago prize. It honors critical or scholarly essays in English prose in a range of subjects. The prize is named in memory of David Blair McLaughlin, 1895-1914, a University of Chicago student who died tragically in a diving accident. His parents established the prize in 1914; the first competition took place in 1916, and the award was $50.

Beginning in 1895, a handful of prizes were offered annually for essays in economics, adjudicated by a committee of professors from various universities including the University of Chicago. The prizes were sponsored by three Chicagoans and the competition was open to undergraduates and others throughout the country.

The Fiske Poetry Prize was established in 1920 by Horace Spencer Fiske, in memory of his father John Billings Fiske. Open to University of Chicago students, it was judged annually by the chair of the English Department, a prominent American poet, and an American literary critic. The prize is no longer offered.

The Florence James Adams Prize, first awarded in 1912, was for excellence in artistic reading, generally of poetry.

The Gellhorn Prize in Neurophysiology was established in 1963 by Ernest Gellhorn, a neurophysiologist at the University of Minnesota. It was administered by the University of Chicago's Physiology Department.

The Olga and Paul Menn Foundation Prize was established in 1949 in accordance with the 1946 will of Olga Menn. Four yearly prizes were offered originally, for short stories, novels, or plays, to University students between the ages of 20 and 26. The first prizes were awarded in 1950. By 1956 musical compositions were also accepted. Currently, one prized is awarded annually, for plays only.

Another early prize was offered by the New England Free Trade League, for an essay on the topic of trade protectionism. Prizes were offered at five colleges, and awarded in 1899.

The Political Institutions Prize began in 1918 as the Civil Government Prize, but was renamed in 1944. It was awarded annually to an undergraduate on the basis of an essay on a political topic. It appears that the award later became the Goettler Political Institutions Prize, and that it is no longer awarded.

The Ronald S. Crane prize in criticism was named for the founder of the Chicago School of Literary Criticism.

The Sergel Drama Prize is awarded by the University, but open to playwrights of any age, from anywhere in the world. The prize is awarded biennially. It was established in 1934 by the widow of Charles H. Sergel, a publisher and politician with a particular interest in drama. Awards are presented to plays of different specified sorts in different years. Winning plays are produced at the University. Judges of the competition have included Thornton Wilder and Frank O'Hara.

The Snowday Prize, named for Ronald H. Snowday, is also for criticism.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Awards and Prizes. Collection, 1898-1980, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

From 1917 to 1919, the University of Chicago was extensively involved in wartime activities. Throughout World War I, the University offered the United States government use of its laboratories and many members of the of the Board of Trustees and the faculty engaged in a variety of war work outside the University.

Prior to the United State's official declaration of war, a Reserve Officer Training Corp was established and the Committee on Plans and Organization of Military Resources was created to prepare the University for wartime. The Committee was active during the onset of World War I, but as the war progressed, more specialized committees were created to fulfill the needs of the University. In time, ten committees were formed: Intelligence; Military Training; Medical Work and Training; Quartermaster and Ordinance Service Training; Publicity; Relief and Social Work; Woman's War Aid; and Women Student Activities.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. World War I Ephemera. Collection, 1917-1922, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

Jean Friedberg Block, a lifelong Hyde Park resident, was born in 1912. She received a master's degree from the University of Chicago in 1963 and was awarded the Alumni Association Public Service Citation in 1981. A founding member of the Hyde Park Historical Society, Block also served on the boards of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Architecture Foundation and International House.

Block was a renowned expert on the architecture of the University and its surrounding neighborhood. Her 1978 book, Hyde Park Houses: An Informal History, 1856-1910, describes the neighborhood's sociological and architectural transformation from bucolic suburb to urban neighborhood through photographs and text. Block next turned her attention to the aesthetics of the university itself. In 1983, the University of Chicago published her second book, Writing in The Uses of Gothic: Planning and Building the Campus of the University of Chicago 1892–1932. Block was a lead author and coordinator of The Uses of Gothic, a 1985 exhibit in the Special Collections Research Center. At the time of her death, Mrs. Block was writing a history of apartment houses and their effect on Chicago neighborhoods from 1910 to 1950.

Block died in 1988 at the age of 76. She was survived by two children and five grandchildren. The sunken viewing garden directly north of the Joseph Regenstein Library was named the Jean F. Block Memorial Garden after her death.

From the guide to the Block, Jean F. Papers, 1980's, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

For the first years of the University of Chicago, there was considerable ambiguity as to its colors. In 1892, a committee of trustees recommended orange and grey as the university's colors, but only the color orange was officially adopted. However, this decision was far from final. Not only did the use of orange upset Syracuse University, it clashed with University of Chicago students' tradition of using gold as the university color. Complicating this was the use of many different shades of orange and gold in different combination at student events. At different points during the early 1890s, gold, yellow, Etruscan gold and orange were used as the colors of the University of Chicago.

Due to the ambiguity and controversy surrounding the color of the University of Chicago, two meetings were held to determine a new color for the University of Chicago. In the first meeting, scarlet was voted by a large margin as the university color, but in a smaller second meeting maroon was selected. Despite controversy over the choice of maroon and the meeting in which maroon was selected, Marion Talbot, chair of the council tasked with recommending the new color to the trustees, recommended the color maroon to the board of trustees and in 1894 maroon became the color of the University of Chicago.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. School Color History. Collection, 1894-1911, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

The University of Chicago band started in 1898 as the University of Chicago Military Band. It received the hearty support of President William Rainey Harper, himself a cornet player in the band. The first director was physics professor Glenn Moody Hobbs, and the band's first performance was in concert in Kent Hall on December 16, 1898. The band operated initially under the auspices of the athletics department, and members (all men) were paid a modest amount for their service. They performed in uniforms of maroon sweaters, white shirts with maroon ties, white wool pants, and, in inclement weather, overcoats and sailor caps.

In 1922 C. D. Greenleaf, university and band alumnus and president of the Conn musical instrument company, donated 100 instruments to the band. This donation included Big Bertha, the 8 ½-foot bass drum that became a sort of band mascot. Photocopies of articles and photographs of Big Bertha remain in the University's General Archival File.

In the late 1920s efforts picked up to make the band a year-round organization, offering concerts outside of football season. In 1935, administrative and financial oversight and support of the band was transferred from the athletic department to the music department. That same year, accomplished bandleader and music educator Harold Bachman was hired as director. As reflected in some of his correspondence, he was also a consultant to the Educational Music Bureau, a Chicago organization devoted to school music. Despite Bachman's leadership, advocacy, and reputation, the band occasionally had a difficult time justifying its musical bona fides (and therefore its existence) to the department. Bachman's tenure at the university ended in 1942 when he was called to active duty in WWII.

The history of the band is spotty from WWII onwards. After Bachman's departure, the band program largely died out, re-emerging from time to time as a pep band, performing in the stands at athletic events but not performing field shows. The concert band gave occasional performances as well, before the creation of the University Wind Ensemble.

Big Bertha was sold to a Texas oilman in 1955, who had her refurbished. She is now in the possession of the University of Texas Longhorn Band.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Band. 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WFCR studio, ca.1968

The first public radio station in western New England, WFCR radio first went on the air on May 6, 1961, transmitting from a 10-watt station located at Springfield Trade High School. Then known as Four College Radio (Amherst, Mount Holyoke, and Smith Colleges and the University of Massachusetts Amherst), WFCR initially operated on a very limited schedule, broadcasting only from noon to midnight, six days per week, and it offered little in the way of locally-produced content. After joining the Eastern Educational Radio Network in 1962, however, WFCR began gradually to expand its scope, increasing its on-air presence to seventeen hours per day within two years and pursuing a more ambitious agenda of covering cultural events in the region. By the late 1960s, WFCR became a major public venue for the myriad musical productions originating in the Pioneer Valley region, as well as for local writers, artists, and the steady stream of visiting lecturers at the Four Colleges.

With Hampshire College joining the Four Colleges in 1966 -- thus creating Five College Radio -- WFCR hired its first Music Director. UMass assumed the license for the station in 1967, the same year that Congress established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and relocated the studio from Springfield to Hampshire House on the UMass campus. The station's community affairs programming began in earnest shortly thereafter with the appearance of Que Tal Amigos, a Spanish-language program aimed at migrant workers in the Pioneer Valley, and soon included programming tailored to women (the Women's Hour), French Americans, and African Americans, among others.

In 1997, WFCR began to offer a 24/7 schedule and offers a full line-up of news and talk programming offered to the region through WNNZ at 640AM and 91.7FM, and streamed through internet at nepr.net . The station's mix of classical and jazz music, news, and entertainment reached over 175,000 listeners per week in 2012.

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Poet, author, playwright, songwriter.

From the guide to the Langston Hughes collection, [microform], 1926-1967, (The New York Public Library. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division.)From the description of Langston Hughes collection, 1926-1967. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 144652168

Langson Hughes: African-American poet and writer, author of Weary Blue (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works.

From the description of Uncle Tom: [poem, 7 drafts] : autograph manuscript, 1941. (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 122551822

Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to Caroline Leary Hughes. From 1903 to 1915, Hughes lived in Lawrence, Kansas with his grandmother, Mary Langston; in 1915 he joined his mother in Illinois. The family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where Hughes graduated high school. He entered New York's Columbia University in 1921, but only attended for a year. During his time at Columbia Hughes discovered Harlem, where he became an influential part of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1926 he published his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues. Over the course of his life, Hughes created a wide range of works including novels, short stories, children's books, scripts, translations, and, of course, poetry. Following abdominal surgery, Langston Hughes died May 22, 1967.

From the guide to the Langston Hughes Photograph, estimated 1945, (University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library Kansas Collection)

Langston Hughes, African American poet and writer, author of Weary Blues (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works.

From the description of Langston Hughes: [autobiographical sketch], 1941. (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 122332620

Poet, novelist, short story writer, playwright, lyricist, and author of juvenile books, Langston Hughes was one of the most prolific African-American writers of the 20th century. Born in Joplin, Missouri, Hughes came to New York in the 1920s and joined other writers and artists in creating what would become known as the Harlem Renaissance.

From the guide to the Langston Hughes collection, 1929-1967, (The New York Public Library. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division.)

Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston, playwrights.

From the description of Mule bone : a comedy of Negro life in three acts: typescript, 1991. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122682825

(James) Langston Hughes (February 1, 1902-May 22, 1967), an African-American writer, poet, playwright and columnist made influential contributions in his life and work during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920's. In 1925 Hughes won first prize in the poetry section of the 1925 Opportunity magazine literary contest, which launched his literary career. His first volume of poetry appeared in 1926. In 1942, he became a columnist for the African American newspaper, the Chicago Defender. Hughes used the rhythms of African American music, specifically jazz and blues in writing his poetry; thus, he was able to experiment with rhythmic free verse. The primary source of his writing was for the theater. His drama titled \"Mulatto\" became the longest running play on Broadway until the introduction of \"A Raisin in the Sun\" in 1958 by Lorraine Hansberry. Langston Hughes died in 1967 after having had abdominal surgery.

From the guide to the Langston Hughes Letters, 1946 -1965, (University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries. Special Collections Dept.)

Langston Hughes, well-known African-American author of Weary Blues (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works. Loren Miller was an African-American judge, attorney, and Civil Rights activist. He was a reporter for the California News and publisher of the California Eagle. Hughes and Miller were good friends. Miller served as legal counsel for Hughes on several occassions.

From the description of Papers of Langston Hughes, 1910-1976, (bulk 1932-1934). (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 77936924

Notable African-American author and poet known for his themes of African-American life and culture during the 1920's-1960's; also known for his contributions to the Harlem Renaissance movement in the 1920's.

From the description of Letter, signed : New York, NY, to Walter Goldwater (New York, NY), 5 April 1960. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 62718975

African American writer, especially of poems.

From the description of Poems, [ca. 1940-1954]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 46716053

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), African American poet, playwright, and novelist, born in Joplin, Missouri.

From the description of Langston Hughes collection, 1932-1969. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 220966919

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), African American poet, playwright, and lecturer.

From the description of Letters to Olive Lindsey Wakefield, 1945-1955. (Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System). WorldCat record id: 38476760

African American writer known especially for his poetry and for his use of Black cultural references, and Black musical rythms in his writing.

From the description of Letters, 1966. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 78439311

Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to Caroline Leary Hughes. From 1903 to 1915, Hughes lived in Lawrence, Kansas with his grandmother, Mary Langston; in 1915 he joined his mother in Illinois. The family then moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where Hughes graduated high school. He then entered New York's Columbia University in 1921, but only attended for a year. During his time at Columbia Hughes discovered Harlem, where he became an influential part of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1926 he published his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues. Over the course of his life, Hughes created a wide range of works including novels, short stories, children's books, scripts, translations, and, of course, poetry. Following abdominal surgery, Langston Hughes died May 22, 1967.

From the guide to the Langston Hughes literary works collection, 1926-1967, (University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library Kansas Collection)From the guide to the Langston Hughes papers, 1931-1967, (University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library Kansas Collection)

African American author and poet; b. James Langston Hughes.

From the description of James Langston Hughes papers, 1928-1966. (Fisk University). WorldCat record id: 70972579

Author.

From the description of Papers of Langston Hughes, 1921-1941. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79455169

African American writer.

From the description of Papers of Langston Hughes [manuscript], 1925-1982. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647825672

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), novelist and poet.

From the description of Langston Hughes collection, 1924-1969. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702171709From the description of Langston Hughes collection, 1924-1969. (Yale University). WorldCat record id: 60366712

Langston Hughes, African-American poet and writer, author of Weary Blues (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works.

From the description of Letter to Beulah May, 1883-, 1941. (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 122584919

Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to Caroline Leary Hughes. From 1903 to 1915, Hughes lived in Lawrence, Kansas with his grandmother, Mary Langston; during that time, he briefly lived with his mother in Topeka, Kansas, circa 1908-1909 (he recalled this experience in his autobiography The Big Sea ). Following his grandmother's death in 1915 Hughes joined his mother in Illinois. The family then moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where Hughes graduated high school. He then entered New York's Columbia University in 1921, but only attended for a year. During his time at Columbia Hughes discovered Harlem, where he became an influential part of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1926 he published his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues . Over the course of his life, Hughes created a wide range of works including novels, short stories, children's books, scripts, translations, and, of course, poetry. Following abdominal surgery, Langston Hughes died May 22, 1967.

From the guide to the Langston Hughes literary ephemera, 1963, (University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library Kansas Collection)

Langston Hughes (1902-1967) was a poet, playwright, and journalist closely associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, where he wrote for the school newspaper and yearbook.

From the description of Langston Hughes writings on Central High School centennial, 1946 April 23-May 25. (Rhinelander District Library). WorldCat record id: 780306511

African American poet and playwright.

From the description of Seven moments of love : an un-sonnet sequence in blues : typescript, 1939. (New York University, Group Batchload). WorldCat record id: 58758172

Langson Hughes: African-American poet, author of Weary Blues (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works.

From the description of Declaration: [poem, 6 drafts] : authograph manuscript, 1939. (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 122446257

Langston Hughes born Feb. 1, 1902 in Joplin, Mo., died May 22, 1967 in New York, N.Y. Hughes was an African-American writer of poetry, plays and short stories.

From the description of Dear lovely death : typescript, 1931 / Langston Hughes. (University of California, Berkeley). WorldCat record id: 52394302

A biographical timeline is provided in the Langston Hughes Papers (JWJ MSS 26).

From the guide to the Langston Hughes collection, 1924-1969, (Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library)

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), poet, columnist, and novelist.

From the description of Langston Hughes papers, 1862-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702135914

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), African American poet, playwright, and novelist, born in Joplin, Missouri. Thyra J. Edwards (1897-1953) [later Gitlin], African American social worker, teacher and activist, lived in Chicago, Illinois during the 1930s and 1940s. She edited THE PEOPLE'S VOICE and the NEGRO DIGEST, to which Hughes frequently contributed.

From the description of Thyra Edwards' collection of Langston Hughes material, 1935-1941 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 610452673

Poet and dramatist.

From the description of Printed material, 1932-1967 and undated. (Duke University Library). WorldCat record id: 191102113

Langston Hughes was an African-American poet, novelist, short story writer, playwright, song lyricist, radio writer, translator, author of juvenile books, and lecturer. Hughes was first recognized as an important literary figure during the 1920s, a period known as the \"Harlem Renaissance\" because of the number of emerging black writers.

From the description of Langston Hughes letters, 1936-1966. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 48822638From the description of Langston Hughes letters, 1936-1966. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 81646003

Langston Hughes was a 20th century African American author, playwright, and poet best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.

From the description of Langston Hughes letters, 1946-1965. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 181085007

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), African-American poet, author of Weary Blues (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works.

From the description of Big Sur: [poem] / Langston Hughes, 1902-1967, 1941. (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 122644160

Langston Hughes was a well-known African-American poet, novelist, short story writer, playwright, song lyricist, radio writer, translator, author of juvenile books, and lecturer. He attended Columbia University (1921-1922) and Lincoln University, A.B. (1929). In addition to his writing he was Madrid correspondent for the Baltimore Afro-American, 1937; visiting professor in creative writing, Atlanta University, 1947; poet in residence, Laboratory School, University of Chicago, 1949.

(Source: Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003.)

From the guide to the Langston Hughes Collection, ca 1937, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries)

Poet, novelist, short story writer, playwright, lyricist, and author of juvenile books, Langston Hughes was one of the most prolific African-American writers of the 20th century.

Born in Joplin, Missouri, Hughes came to New York in the 1920s and joined other writers and artists in creating what would become known as the Harlem Renaissance.

From the description of Langston Hughes collection, 1929-1967. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122626236

Adele M. Glasgow was a researcher for and secretary to Langston Hughes in the 1950s and 1960s.

Langston Hughes, poet and writer, 1902-1967.

From the description of Adele M. Glasgow papers relating to Langston Hughes, 1962-1984. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79096074

Adele M. Glasgow was a researcher for and secretary to Langston Hughes in the 1950s and 1960s.

Langston Hughes, poet and writer, 1902-1967.

From the description of Adele M. Glasgow papers relating to Langston Hughes, 1962-1984. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702150305

The Life of Langston Hughes has been written about in a wide range of biographies, which are available at many libraries. What follows is a brief timeline of important dates in his life.

1902: James Langston Hughes born February 1, in Joplin, Missouri, to Carrie Langston Hughes and James Nathaniel Hughes.

1902-1914: Lived in Mexico, Missouri, and Kansas for short periods with his mother and father, then, after they separated, with his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas.

1914: Moved from Lawrence to join his mother and stepfather in Lincoln, Illinois.

1916: Elected class poet for grammar school graduation at Lincoln. Moved from Lincoln to Cleveland, Ohio.

1920: Chosen editor of Central High School Yearbook, Cleveland. Graduated from Central High School. Spent the year after graduation in Mexico with his father.

1921: Published juvenile poetry in The Brownie's Book. \"A Negro Speaks of Rivers\" published in The Crisis. Entered Columbia University in New York.

1922: Left Columbia to take assorted jobs in New York area.

1923-24: Employed as cook's helper on tramp steamer to Africa, Holland, and Europe. Employed as cook in Paris night club; stranded as a beachcomber in Genoa. Returned from Europe to live with his mother in Washington, D.C.

1925: Lived in Washington, D.C. Won first prize for poetry in Opportunity contest. Won second prize for essay and third prize for poetry in The Crisis contest. Carl Van Vechten introduced his poetry to Alfred Knopf.

1926: Entered Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. Weary Blues published. Fire published. Won first prize in Witter Bynner Undergraduate Poetry Contest.

1927: Fine Clothes to the Jew published. Traveled in South.

1929: Graduated from Lincoln University.

1930: Not Without Laughter published. Won Harmon award for literature.

1931: Dear Lovely Death and The Negro Mother published. Traveled to Haiti and Cuba. Conducted poetry reading tour in the South and West.

1932: The Dream Keeper, Scottsboro Limited, and Popo and Fifina published.

1933: Returned to California from Russia by way of Japan. Spent year writing at Carmel by the Sea.

1934: Ways of White Folks published. Death of father in Mexico.

1935: Received Guggenheim Fellowship. Lived and worked in Mexico.

1937: Traveled to Spain as correspondent for Baltimore Afro- American . Death of mother.

1938: A New Song published. Founded Harlem Suitcase Theatre.

1939: Founded The New Negro Theater in Los Angeles.

1940: The Big Sea published.

1941: Received Rosenwald Fellowship.

1942: Shakespeare in Harlem published. Founded Skyloft P1ayers in Chicago.

1943: Freedom's Plow and Jim Crow's Last Stand published. Began Chicago Defender columns. Granted Hon. Litt. D. from Lincoln University.

1946: Elected to membership in National Institute of Arts and Letters.

1947: Fields of Wonder and translation of Jacques Roumain's Masters of the Dew published. Appointed Visiting Professor of Creative Writing at Atlanta University.

1948: Translation of Nicolas Guillen's Cuba Libre published.

1949: Appointed Poet in Residence at the Laboratory School, University of Chicago. Troubled Island presented in New York.

1950: Simple Speaks His Mind and The Poetry of the Negro published. The Barrier presented in New York.

1951: Montage on a Dream Deferred and translation of Garcia Lorca's Romancero Gitano published.

1952: Laughing to Keep From Crying and First Book of Negroes published.

1953: Received Ainsfeld-Wolfe Award (Best book of year on race relations). Simple Takes a Wife published.

1954: Famous American Negroes and First Book of Rhythms published.

1955: Sweet Flypaper of Life, Famous Negro Music Makers, and First Book of Jazz published.

1956: I Wonder As I Wander, A Pictorial History of the Negro In America, and The First Book of the West Indies, published.

1957: Simple Stakes a Claim and Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral published. Simply Heavenly presented on Broadway.

1958: Famous Negro Heroes of America and The Book of Negro Folklore published.

1959: Selected Poems and Tambourines to Glory published.

1960: Received Spingarn Medal. African Treasury and The First Book of Africa published.

1961: Ask Your Mama and The Best of Simple published. Black Nativity presented in New York.

1962: Fight for Freedom published. Attended literary conference in Uganda and Nigeria. Began New York Post columns.

1963: Something in Common and Other Stories . Poems from Black Africa . Tambourines to Glory (play based on novel) presented on Broadway. Received Doctor of Letters degree from Howard University.

1964: New Negro Poets : U.S.A. edited. Jerico-Jim Crow presented in New York. Helped prepare BBC's The Negro in America series. Granted Hon. Litt. D. from Western Reserve.

1965: Simple's Uncle Sam published. The Prodigal Son presented in New York. Wrote script for WCBS-TV's Easter program. \"It's a Mighty World\". Lectured in America Houses in Europe for United States Information Agency.

1966: La Poesie Negro-Americaine, and The Book of Negro Humor edited.

1967: The Best Short Stories by Negro Writers, edited. The Panther and the Lash, Black Magic: A Pictorial History of the Negro in American Entertainment, with Milton Meltzer. Hughes died May 22, 1967.

[from Donald C. Dickinson's A Bio-Bibliography of Langston Hughes and James A. Emanuel's Langston Hughes ]

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The Minnesota FFA (Future Farmers of America) Foundation was begun in 1954 to provide business, industrial, civic, farm and service organizations and individuals in Minnesota an opportunity to cooperate in furthering the programs of the FFA and vocational agriculture in the public high schools. Over the years, the foundation has sponsored such programs as the 1954 silver anniversary film \"Boys on the Land,\" a guaranteed loan project, travel awards to the national convention, improvement certificates and cash awards, annual recognition luncheons for donors at the state convention, several agricultural scholarships, State Farmer Degree charms, and budgetary support for most of the programs and activities of the state organization.

From the description of FFA Foundation records, 1920-2008 (bulk 1953-2008). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 313794661From the guide to the FFA Foundation records., 1920-2008 (bulk 1953-2008)., (Minnesota Historical Society)

The FFA in Minnesota organized May 16-17, 1930 as the Future Farmers of America, Minnesota Association. The first chapters were chartered on July 25, 1930. By 1934, there were enough chapters to divide the state into districts, and by 1958, there were eight regions and sixteen districts. In 1959, the association incorporated as a nonprofit corporation; in 1970, it amended its constitution to allow girls to join; and in 1988, it became the Minnesota FFA Association, following the national organization in simplifying the name.

The FFA was housed under the auspices of the State Department of Education until 1996, when it moved into the Minnesota Foundation for Student Organizations in the newly created Department of Children, Families and Learning [Minn. Stat. 124D34].

From the description of FFA records, 1912-2007. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 313794675

The FFA in Minnesota was organized May 16-17, 1930, as the Future Farmers of America, Minnesota Association. The first chapters were chartered on July 25, 1930. By 1934, there were enough chapters to divide the state into districts, and by 1958, there were eight regions and sixteen districts. In 1959, the association incorporated as a nonprofit corporation; in 1970, it amended its constitution to allow girls to join; and in 1988, it became the Minnesota FFA Association, following the national organization in simplifying the name from Future Farmers of America.

The FFA was housed under the auspices of the State Department of Education until 1996, when it moved into the Minnesota Foundation for Student Organizations in the newly created Department of Children, Families and Learning [Minn. Stat. 124D34].

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34th governor of Arkansas. Faubus was born in the Ozark Mountain community of Greasy Creek; taught school in rural communities (1928...1939); worked as an itinerant farm laborer and lumberjack (1931...1935); briefly attended Commonweath College, the radical labor school at Mena (Polk County) Arkansas (1935); was elected to two terms as Madison County Circuit Clerk and Recorder; served in the U.S. Army as an enlisted man and subsequently as a commissioned officer in Europe (1942-1946); was Huntsville, Ark. postmaster (1946-47, 1953-54); edited and published the weekly Madison County Record newspaper (1947-1967); was a member of the Arkansas Highway Commission (1949-1951) and Director of Highways (1952-1953); was elected to six consecutive terms (1955-1967) as Governor of Arkansas, and attracted international attention for his controversial role in the Little Rock Central High School racial desegregation crisis (1957-1959); subsequently sought, unsuccessfully, election to the gubernatorial office again in 1970 and 1974; and who published accounts of his military experiences, In This Faraway

From the description of Orval Eugene Faubus papers, 1910-1978. (University of Arkansas - Fayetteville). WorldCat record id: 29192743

Governor of Arkansas.

From the description of Reminiscences of Orval Eugene Faubus : oral history, 1971. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122528478", "birthDate": "1/7/1910", "deathDate": "12/14/1994", "altNames": [ "Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994" ], "subjects": [ "Governors--Interviews", "Governor", "Television advertising", "Radio advertising", "African Americans--Segregation", "Advertising, political", "School integration", "Segregation in education", "African Americans--Education" ], "placeNames": [ "Arkansas--Little Rock", "Arkansas", "United States" ], "airtableId": "reckQ6ss17B5nElRo" }, "airtableId": "recciztEQieNMHY45" }, { "id": "ahlberg-alf-1892-1979", "name": "Ahlberg, Alf, 1892-1979", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recclgf38Ft8GWFU0" }, { "id": "meddler-roland", "name": "Meddler, Roland", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccnEdfisV9Dl06j" }, { "id": "wtrf-tv-television-station-wheeling-wv", "name": "WTRF-TV (Television Station : Wheeling, WV)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "reccp5iugm81USGk4" }, { "id": "burt-hardy", "name": "Burt, Hardy", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccp7RAoupiGfeC0" }, { "id": "durante-jimmy-1893-1980", "name": "Durante, Jimmy, 1893-1980", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccpbeGSMMC5NeQB" }, { "id": "thompson-william-c", "name": "Thompson, William C.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccqwXysizabkoaj" }, { "id": "kimball-richard", "name": "Kimball, Richard", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccrgO1OrnZNrv0d" }, { "id": "mckinney-eleanor", "name": "McKinney, Eleanor", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccsIUsnGludypuq" }, { "id": "hoffman-paul-g", "name": "Hoffman, Paul G.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccuZnDF49xS79dz" }, { "id": "pade-h", "name": "Pade, H.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccv2d1Hs9lgJq6q" }, { "id": "howard-bronson-1842-1908", "name": "Howard, Bronson, 1842-1908", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccvCIDaJGrDBru0" }, { "id": "tiger-michael-e", "name": "Tiger, Michael E.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccvjrK9CQ3XDGS9" }, { "id": "universal-microphone-co-ltd", "name": "Universal Microphone Co., Ltd.", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "reccwkoi1rmn4FPIe" }, { "id": "schwarzwalder-jc", "name": "Schwarzwalder, J.C.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccyFnevBTu80cur" }, { "id": "de-paula-francisco", "name": "De Paula, Francisco", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccyKjYmQPs5X1Ao" }, { "id": "de-broeck-marcel", "name": "De Broeck, Marcel", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccyQi9mxrXBOqpM" }, { "id": "hyde-rosel-h", "name": "Hyde, Rosel H.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7368216", "name": "Rosel H. Hyde", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosel_H._Hyde", "birthDate": "1900-04-12T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1992-12-19T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Downey", "description": "Rosel H. Hyde (April 12, 1900 – December 19, 1992) served as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) twice under the four different presidents. :13 He was chairman from April 18, 1953, to October 3, 1954, and again from June 27, 1966, to October 31, 1969. He was also acting chairman from April 19, 1954 to October 3, 1954 and again from May 1, 1966 to June 26, 1966. He was the first chairman of the FCC to be reappointed and was also the first chairman to be appointed by a president of a different political party. :13 A native of Downey, Idaho, he grew up in a Mormon family and a predominately Mormon community. He graduated from Utah Agricultural College (now Utah State University) and then George Washington University Law School. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/hyde-rosel-h.jpg", "occupation": [ "politician" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr95024307" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/54039684" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr95024307" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10586169" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zs58gx" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Washington (D.C.)" ], "airtableId": "rec3yjgDvJ3VPy9mZ" }, "snac": { "snacId": "64622137", "description": "

Farmer, banker, missionary and stake president for the Mormon Church.

From the guide to the George Tilton Hyde oral history transcript, 1956, (L. Tom Perry Special Collections)

Mormon accountant, banker, lawyer, and employee for the Federal Radio Commission which later became the Federal Communications Commission. He held a number of important positions in that agency including chairman.

From the description of Hyde photographs, circa 1940s-1970s. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 367947624From the description of Rosel H. Hyde papers, 1926-1984. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 365145289From the guide to the Rosel H. Hyde papers, 1926-1984, (L. Tom Perry Special Collections)", "birthDate": "4/12/1900", "deathDate": "12/19/1992", "altNames": [ "Hyde, Rosel H., 1900-" ], "subjects": [ "Mass media--Law and legislation--History--Sources", "Radio--Law and legislation--United States--History--Sources", "Government executives--Interviews", "Television--Law and legislation--History--Sources", "Mormon church--Stake officers", "Politicians--Photographs", "Television--Law and legislation--United States--History--Sources", "Mass media--Law and legislation--United States--History--Sources", "Mormons--Idaho--Biography", "Correspondence", "Mormons--Missionary experiences", "Radio--Law and legislation--History--Sources", "Material Types", "Mormons--Washington (D.C.)--History--Sources", "Mormon Church--Missions--Southern States--History", "Mormons--History--Sources" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Washington (D.C.)" ], "airtableId": "recajffFL2qr1DsOy" }, "airtableId": "reccyZeNVdAnboFFP" }, { "id": "lunn-mervel", "name": "Lunn, Mervel", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reccyuceiURiQIZ5o" }, { "id": "sax-joseph", "name": "Sax, Joseph", "airtableId": "recd0JdPHa5sBPI8Z" }, { "id": "carter-nancy", "name": "Carter, Nancy", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recd0g5yG21UsrrIG" }, { "id": "armstrong-robert-g-1917-1987", "name": "Armstrong, Robert G., 1917-1987", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recd1RJ5mc9JTpEzl" }, { "id": "scourby-alexander-1913-1985", "name": "Scourby, Alexander, 1913-1985", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q458589", "name": "Alexander Scourby", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American actor", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Scourby", "birthDate": "1913-11-13T00:00Z", "deathDate": "1985-02-22T00:00Z, 1985-02-25T00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Brooklyn", "deathPlace": "Fairfield County", "description": "Alexander Scourby (/ˈskɔːrbi/; November 13, 1913 – February 22, 1985) was an American film, television, and voice actor known for his deep and resonant voice. He is best known for his film role as the ruthless mob boss Mike Lagana in Fritz Lang's The Big Heat (1953), and is also particularly well-remembered in the English-speaking world for his landmark recordings of the entire King James Version audio Bible, which have been released in numerous editions. He later recorded the entire Revised Standard Version of the Bible. Scourby recorded 422 audiobooks for the blind which he considered his most important work. Alexander Scourby was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 13, 1913, to Constantine Nicholas Scourby, a successful restaurateur, wholesale baker and sometime investor in independent motion-pictures, and Betsy Scourby (née Patsakos), a homemaker, both of whom were immigrants from Greece. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/scourby-alexander-1913-1985.jpg", "occupation": [ "stage actor", "film actor", "television actor", "voice actor" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81074384" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/5131982" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81074384" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66705f0" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "theater", "title": "Theater" } ], "airtableId": "recpVIX25yyypctg8" }, "snac": { "snacId": "57264446", "description": "

Alexander Scourby, actor and narrator, was born November 13, 1913.

His stage career began in 1936, and he appeared in numerous Broadway productions during his career, including HAMLET; HENRY IV, PART I; KING RICHARD II; CRIME AND PUNISHMENT; Sidney Kingsley's DETECTIVE STORY and DARKNESS AT NOON; A MONTH IN THE COUNTRY; SAINT JOAN; TOVARICH; and THE SEA GULL. His career also included radio, film, and television. His film credits include AFFAIR IN TRINIDAD (1952), THE BIG HEAT (1953), THE GLORY BRIGADE (1953), THE SILVER CHALICE (1959), RANSOM (1956), and THE BIG FISHERMAN (1959). He is best known as Polo, the Mexican ranch foreman in GIANT (1956).

His television credits include NBC's television series Project 20, and other series including Playhouse 90, the Circle Theater, Studio One, and National Geographic. He considered his most important work to be his recordings of talking books for the American Foundation for the Blind and his own company Lectern Records. In 1943 he married the actress Lori Von Eltz, whose professional name is Lori March.

Alexander Scourby died February 22, 1985.

From the description of Papers, film, and sound recordings 1935-1985. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122485449

Although he had a long and varied career as an actor and narrator, Alexander Scourby (1913-1985), considered his most important work to be the performances he gave as a voice actor in the Talking Books recordings he made for the American Foundation for the Blind (AFB). Of Greek heritage, Scourby was born in Brooklyn, New York, where his father worked as a restaurateur and commercial baker. In 1931, he graduated from the Brooklyn Manual Training High School. He had developed an interest in writing and performing while in high school, serving as co-editor of the school magazine and yearbook and making his first appearance on stage in a school production of The Meanest Man in the World . Scourby briefly attended the University of West Virginia in Morgantown, West Virginia, but returned to New York in February 1932 to help out with the family business following the death of his father.

In 1933, Scourby became an apprentice with the Civic Repertory Theatre, run by Eva Le Galliene, where he received a thorough professional training. He made his Broadway debut in 1936 as the Player King in the Leslie Howard production of Hamlet . It was through cast mate, Wesley Addy, that Scourby was introduced to the opportunities offered by the American Foundation for the Blind. Scourby auditioned for the AFB in 1937, and, after playing a few small parts in recordings of plays, he soon found a niche in which he could utilize his impressive speaking voice by reading novels and other works of literature for the Talking Books service. Over the next forty years, he would provide the narration for over 500 books. His best known recording became the full set of the King James version of the Bible (1966).

Scourby also began working extensively in radio during the 1940s, with recurring roles on several soap operas and regular appearances on the NBC weekly religious program, The Eternal Light . Scourby also did broadcasts in Greek and English for the Office of War Information during the Second World War. In 1943, he married Lori von Eltz, an actress who went by the professional name of Lori March. The two occasionally worked together on theater, film, and television projects. Scourby remained active in summer stock and New York theater throughout the 1940s and early 1950s. Notable productions in which he was featured included Rodney Ackland's adaptation of Crime and Punishment (1947) with Claude Rains, Detective Story (1949), Darkness at Noon (1951), and the Theatre Guild revival of Saint Joan (1951) with Uta Hagen.

During the 1950s, Scourby began to work more often as an actor in films, frequently playing villains. Among his films were Affair in Trinidad (1952), The Big Heat (1953), Ransom (1956), and Giant (1956). He also worked increasingly in television as both an actor and narrator. His television credits as an actor include Playhouse 90, Circle Theater, and Studio One . As a narrator, he was associated with the NBC television series, Project 20, for many years. Although his work in film and television saw Scourby dividing his time between California and New York, by the 1960s he actively sought employment doing television commercial voice-overs in order to spend more time on the East Coast. In later years, Scourby and his wife maintained a residence in Manhattan and a country home in Newtown, Connecticut.

In addition to continuing to record Talking Books, both for the AFB and Lectern Records, a company he founded, Scourby also worked steadily as a narrator of documentary, educational, and promotional films during the final two decades of his life. In 1983, he became the host of the public television series, Live from the Met . It was while he was in Boston, taping his segments as the host for a National Public Radio broadcast of Handel's oratorio, Semele, that Scourby unexpectedly took ill and died.

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Composed 1933. First performance Hollywood Bowl, 13 July 1933, the composer conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Fragment of chorus from \"Orestes\" of Euripides : from a conjectural version (400 B.C.) / arranged by Nicolas Slonimsky. [19--] (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 54759973

Movements 1-6 and 8 originally composed 1928 in Studies in Black and White for piano. Transcribed and Valse added, 1941. First performance Buenos Aires, 31 October 1941, Grupo Renovación concert, the composer conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Suite : for flute, oboe, clarinet, percussion and a portable typewriter / Nicolas Slonimsky. [19--] (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 54759989

Commissioned by Arthur Cohn. Composed 1942.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of [Fanfare for the W.P.A. Music Copying Project of the Free Library of Philadelphia] / Nicolas Slonimsky ; edited by Arthur Cohn. [1942] (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 54759953

Originally composed 1928 as part of Studies in Black and White for piano. Transcribed 1933. First performance Hollywood Bowl, 23 July 1933, the composer conducting.--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Little march for the big bowl : alternate title--Marche grotesque / by Nicolas Slonimsky ; edited by Arthur Cohn. 1943. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 54759968

Slonimsky was a conductor, composer, writer, and editor of a number of reference books on music.

From the description of Letter, 1991. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008507

Russian-born American musicologist.

From the description of Typewritten letters signed (2), dated : Boston, 6 May 1964 and Los Angeles, 13 February 1980, to Mr. [James] Fuld, 1964 May 6 and 1980 Feb. 13. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270874536

Nicholas Slonimsky, lexicographer, composer, and writer on music, was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, on Apr. 27, 1894. He studied the piano with his aunt, Isabelle Vengerova, a well-known piano pedagogue, at the St. Petersburg Conservatory and composition with Glière. He taught at the Eastman School of Music (1923¡1925). He was Serge Koussevitzky's secretary for two years and conducted the Boston Chamber Orchestra (1927¡1934) and the Harvard University Orchestra (1927¡1930). In the 1930s and early 1940s he became known for conducting first performances of Ives, Varèse, Riegger, Cowell, Chàvez, and other composers of the Americas. He was a lecturer at Colorado College (1940, 1947¡1949), the Peabody Conservatory (1956¡1957), and the University of California at Los Angeles (1964¡1967). Slonimsky was author or editor of major music reference works, including Music Since 1900, Music of Latin America, The international cyclopedia of music and musicians, 4th ed., Thesaurus of scales and melodic patterns, Lexicon of musical invective, and many editions of Baker's biographical dictionary. He died on Dec. 25, 1995, in Los Angeles.

From the description of Nicolas Slonimsky collection, 1873-1997 (bulk 1920-1990). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71055179

Biographical Sketch

1894 April 27Born in St. Petersburg (Nikolai Leonidovich)1900 November 6Studies piano with his aunt, Isabelle Vengerova1919Composition lessons with Glière1920Appointed instructor at Yalta Conservatory, piano accompanist for singers1921Arrives in Paris; Hired as secretary and rehearsal pianist for Serge Koussevitzky1923Coach, Eastman School of Music, opera department; Studies composition with Selim Palmgren; conducting with Albert Coates1925Works for Koussevitzky in Paris and Boston1925Composes \"Make this a day of Pepsodent,\" \"No More Shiny Nose,\" \"Children Cry for Castoria\" (singing commercials)1927Fired by Koussevitzky1927Organizes the Chamber Orchestra of Boston192729Conducts the Pierian Sodality at Harvard192830Directs the Apollo Chorus1928\"Studies in Black and White\" for piano1931 January 10Conducts first performance of Charles Ives' \"Three Places in New England,\" NYC, Town Hall1931Marries Dorothy Adlow1931Becomes naturalized US citizen193132Conducts concerts of modern American, Cuban and Mexican music in Paris, Berlin, and Budapest under the auspices of the Pan-American Association of Composers1932Conducts the Los Angeles Philharmonic1933 MarchPremiers Varèse's \"Ionisation\"1933First appearance at Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles1937Invents the term \"Pandiatonicism\"1937Music Since 1900 published1942\"My Toy Balloon\"1945\"Gravestones\"1945Music of Latin America194547Lectures in Slavic languages and literatures at Harvard1946The International cyclopedia of music and musicians, 4th edition1947Thesaurus of Scales and Melodic Patterns1947The Road to Music1952Lexicon of Musical Invective196263Travels in Russia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Greece, and Israel under the auspices of the Office of Cultural Exchange, U.S. Department of State1964Dorothy Adlow, his wife, dies1965 May 5\"Möbius Strip-Tease\" performed at UCLA1968 February 2\"Sex and the Music Librarian\"1971Music Since 1900, 4th edition197177\"Minitudes\"1987Translates Boris de Schloezer's biography of Scriabin into English1987Perfect Pitch1988Lectionary of Music1995 December 25Dies in Los Angeles1996 January 22Memorial Service at UCLAFrom the guide to the Nicolas Slonimsky Collection, 1873-1997, (bulk 1920-1990), (Music Division Library of Congress)", "birthDate": "1894-04-27", "deathDate": "12/25/1995", "altNames": [ "Slonimsky, Nicolas, 1894-1995" ], "subjects": [ "Songs, English", "Suites (Clarinet, flute, oboe, percussion)--Scores and parts", "Songs with piano", "Pantomimes with music--Scores", "Marches (Chamber orchestra)", "Fanfares", "Variations (Violin)", "Songs (medium voice) with piano", "Chamber orchestra music--Scores and parts", "Music--20th century", "Violin music", "Overtures (Chamber orchestra)--Scores and parts", "Violin and violoncello music--Parts", "Orchestral music--Scores and parts", "Music--Manuscripts" ], "occupations": [ "Composers" ], "airtableId": "recK3f1K1NW68KVDP" }, "airtableId": "recd2vxshfsgW6UhG" }, { "id": "phillips-wd", "name": "Phillips, W.D.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recd3dqAKi6eIHS2v" }, { "id": "mellish-joseph-charles-1768-1823", "name": "Mellish, Joseph Charles, 1768-1823", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recd3wpwnWql2TU3w" }, { "id": "gable-martha-a", "name": "Gable, Martha A.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recd4MhipKLz4m56R" }, { "id": "wune-television-station-linville-nc", "name": "WUNE (Television station : Linville, N.C.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recd5BYK52UJmQe4p" }, { "id": "van-dusen-henry-p-henry-pitney-1897-1975", "name": "Van Dusen, Henry P. 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She is most prominently renowned as the first female African-American reporter to be televised in Boston. Shaw is also known for her presence in civil rights movements and as a volunteer in education programs. Her recognition is widespread, including awards from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Rosie's Place, the Museum of Afro-American History and Action for Boston Community Development (ABCD). Shaw was born in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, to parents involved in the community. Sarah-Ann's father, Norris King Jr. was an active member in the Roxbury Democratic Club. Her mother, Annie Bell Bomar King, was involved in the distinguished civil rights activities of Melnea Cass. 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Boston's first African American television reporter, Sarah-Ann Shaw was born, Sarah-Ann King, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Annie Bell Bomar King and Norris King, Jr. Growing up in Roxbury, Shaw's father, who was active in the Roxbury Democratic Club, took her to lectures at Jordan Hall, the Ford Hall Forum, and Tremont Temple; there, young Shaw met Paul Robeson. Shaw's mother worked along side the selfless Melnea Cass. Shaw attended William P. Boardman Elementary School and Henry Lee Higginson Elementary School, was a Girl Scout, and was active at St. Mark's Social Center. A student at Girls Latin School, Shaw was involved with the NAACP Youth Movement; graduating in 1952, Shaw enrolled at Boston University, but left school in 1955 to get married.

Increasingly involved in community activities, Shaw worked with St. Mark's Social Center and as a member of the Boston Action Group (BAG). Shaw joined other activists like Otto P. and Muriel S. Snowden in 1957; national Student Movement head, Bill Strickland then asked her to head the Boston Northern Student Movement where she coordinated student led voter education, high school tutoring, and economic housing education with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), BAG, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Unitarians. In 1968, Shaw became involved with Ray Richardson'sSay Brotherpublic affairs show on WBEZ-TV; she would go on to appear on the program more than twenty times. In 1969, Shaw was hired by WBZ-TV 4 as Boston's first African American reporter; she remained a news reporter at WBZ TV 4 for more than thirty years. As a civil rights organizer and human services advocate, Shaw demonstrated a rare ability to unite Boston residents and tackle big picture issues. At WBZ, Shaw anchored another black oriented public affairs program,Mzizi Roots.

Shaw, who helped define minority affairs programming and news content, received numerous journalistic awards for her work, including an award from the Boston Radio-Television News Directors Association, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Association of Black Journalists in 1998, and the Yankee Quill Award from the New England Society of Newspaper Editors. Shaw also volunteered for Boston Partners in Education; served as a board member of Boston Neighborhood Network; and served as the President for both the Boston Coalition of Black Women, and the League of Women for Community Service.

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Allied radio station during World War II.

From the description of Radio Luxembourg miscellaneous records, 1944-1945. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754867412

Biographical/Historical Note

Allied radio station during World War II.

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A. W. Vaughan, Head, Department of English, Alabama College. Gordon McCloskey, Professor, Department of Economics.

From the description of Letters, 1938-1943, to Lewis Mumford. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155877669", "altNames": [ "Alabama College" ], "airtableId": "recY8to1iF8lQnJYf" }, "airtableId": "recdc28UR5wDuyfFC" }, { "id": "crabbe-john-c", "name": "Crabbe, John C.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q105645621", "name": "John C. Crabbe", "wikidataLabelDescription": "broadcasting advocate and executive", "birthDate": "1914-07-03T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Pomona", "description": "Educational broadcasting executive, consultant, and station manager.General manager, KVIE Television station, Stockton, California; manager, Central California ETV Inc.; president, Western Educational Network; general manager, KTSC-TV, Pueblo, Colorado; consultant to California legislature on educational t.v.; president, Association for Educational Radio-TV; member of the Rocky Mountain Corporation for Public Broadcasting; board of governors, Pacific Mountain Network. -- From the description of John C. Crabbe papers, 1949-1991 and undated (bulk 1970-1979) (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 29883325\n\nJohn C. (Crozier) Crabbe, son of Arthur and Louise A. (Wiley) Crabbe, was born on July 3, 1914 in Pomona, California. He attended Modesto (California) College from 1931 to 1934, and then Fresno (California) State College from 1934 to 1936. He finished his Bachelor of Arts degree in theater from the College of the Pacific in 1937 and a MA in 1940. During college, he participated in vaudeville and burlesque theater, mostly as an electrical technician. Crabbe did his postgraduate work at the University of Iowa in 1938, at New York University in 1940, at Stanford University in 1951, and at Ohio State University. On July 17, 1940, he married Bobbin Gay Peck with whom he had three children: John Crozier, William Charles, and Barbara Gay. During World War II, Crabbe served from 1943 to 1946 in the United States Naval Reserve as a lieutenant stationed in Baltimore.Crabbe's broadcasting career started on a Fresno, California station reading comics from 1934 to 1935. He then began his career in educational broadcasting while he attended the College of the Pacific, Stockton, California. From 1936 to 1937, he taught and produced radio programs for release on commercial stations. After graduation, Crabbe remained at Pacific as Director of Broadcasting from 1937 to 1958 and as KUOP-FM station manager, having helped put the Stockton, California educational radio station on the air in 1949 . This station started as a campus-limited, carrier-current station as part of a laboratory activity. It was student operated except for Crabbe and one chief engineer, and did live productions of music, ballgames, and dramas. Before KUOP started, the College of the Pacific released student class-produced programs through local commercial stations. In addition, he helped organize the first broadcasting curriculum west of the Mississippi in the 1940s.During World War II, while stationed in Baltimore, Crabbe occupied his spare time by lobbying the Federal Communications Commission for FM channels reserved for educational use. The broadcasting industry did not care much about FM, but simply wanted twenty reserved channels. Finally, the FCC granted educational reservations for FM channels in April, 1952.Starting in the 1950s, Crabbe's educational broadcasting career involved simultaneous activities in California, Ohio, and Michigan. The biography will now focus on each geographic location separately, starting with California. From 1950 to 1953, Crabbe participated as a member in the Western Radio Television Conference, joining fellow members Jim Day, Public Service Director of San Francisco and Luke Roberts, Public Service Director, KOIN, Portland, Oregon. The conference was first held in San Francisco, and was later held in cities such as Salt Lake City, Los Angeles, and Portland. Meanwhile, in 1951, at Stanford University, Crabbe lectured in radio education.In 1953, Crabbe served as executive secretary of the Delta-Sierra Educational Television Corporation, a Stockton community organization focused on establishing a station on Channel 42. At the same time, a Sacramento community organization, the Northern California Educational Television was trying to establish an educational television station on Channel 6. These two groups met regularly between 1952 and 1957, and eventually merged in 1955 to form a non-profit corporation called Central California Educational Television (CCET). Crabbe served as CCET's Executive Secretary from 1955 to 1958. In October of 1957, a representative from the Fund for Adult Education, an agency of the Ford Foundation, met with Crabbe. The two men agreed that CCET would have ninety days from December 15, 1957 to raise $100,000 in cash plus $100,000 in pledges to qualify for a Fund grant of $100,000. Working out of an office provided by the College of the Pacific, Crabbe spoke to about 92 groups ranging from PTAs and luncheon clubs to special interest associations and raised $115,000 in cash and over $100,000 in pledges. With the money raised, Channel 6, KVIE, Stockton was established on July 1, 1958 and started broadcasting in mid-December 1958. From July 1958 to 1969, Crabbe served as KVIE's general manager.In 1961, Crabbe was the manager of Central California ETV, Inc. From 1967 to 1969, Crabbe served as president of the Western Educational Network, was a special consultant in radio education in the schools of central California and was chairman of the Television Advisory Committee of the State of California. From 1967 to July 1968, Crabbe served as vice-president of the Western Radio and Television Association's Western Educational Network, and then succeeded Luke Lamb as president from August 1968 to 1969 when he became chair of communications. Finally, from 1973 to 1974, Crabbe served as consultant to the Joint Committee on Telecommunications of the California Legislature.Crabbe's Ohio activities began shortly before 1950 when he directed the Association for Education by Radio at Columbus Ohio. Then, from 1950 to 1953, Crabbe became the president of the Association for Educational Radio-TV (AERT) in Columbus, Ohio, having been its vice president. AERT was a largely teacher, in-school oriented organization, inspired by the School Broadcast Conference of Chicago as a reaction to the institutional orientation of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) . Meanwhile, from 1951 to 1952, he was an assistant at the Office of Radio-Television Education at Ohio State University. In 1952, Crabbe became an assistant to Keith Tyler at the Institute for Education by Radio and Television at Ohio State University. He also put together the Ohio State Institute for Education by Radio and Television Competitions on April 18 - 20, 1952. The following banquet included \"Kukla, Fran & Ollie.\"Crabbe's broadcasting career in Michigan started in 1953 at the National Music Camp at Interlochen. There, from 1953 to 1954, he served as director of radio/television, taping recitals and board concerts on to 104 miles of audio tape and feeding it to WKAR, East Lansing, Michigan. Then, from 1955 to 1956, he was one of the first Program Associates of Educational Television and Radio Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan.During the 1960s and 1970s, Crabbe participated in long-range financing, consulting jobs, and was involved on various educational broadcasting committees and boards. In 1961, along with John Schwarzwalder, he served as a regional consultant on a survey on the need for television channels in education under Title VII of National Defense Education Act. At that time, the Federal Communication Commission's number one priority was to properly allocate television spectrum space. From 1962 to 1964, Crabbe served on the Department Committee of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. Then, in 1964, he worked as a consultant in broadcasting for RTV International (East Africa) in New York. In 1969, Crabbe was also a member of the interim management group for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Network Operation. That year, he received the Banner Award from the Theta Sigma Phi National Professional Society for Women in Journalism and Communications for outstanding contributions in the field of communications. Then, from 1969 to 1973, he was a consultant in public broadcasting.He spent his last formal years in educational broadcasting in Colorado. There, from 1976 to 1981, he was the director of telecommunications and general manger of KTSC-TV, University of South Colorado, Pueblo, Colorado, and then its consultant after retirement from 1981 on. Also, he served as Director of the University of Southern Colorado Telecommunications Division in 1981. Other involvement in public broadcasting in that region included serving on the board of directors of the Rocky Mountain Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and on the board of governors of the Pacific Mountain Network. Crabbe also contributed articles to professional publications such as the Journal of the Association of Education by Radio- Television (JAERT) . Crabbe's other business activities included a term as the general manager of Tel-Vue Stockton, Inc. in California in 1972, and as an associate at Arthur Bolton Associates from 1972 to 1973.John C. Crabbe died in 2001. -- From the guide to the John C. 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Educational broadcasting executive, consultant, and station manager.

General manager, KVIE Television station, Stockton, California; manager, Central California ETV Inc.; president, Western Educational Network; general manager, KTSC-TV, Pueblo, Colorado; consultant to California legislature on educational t.v.; president, Association for Educational Radio-TV; member of the Rocky Mountain Corporation for Public Broadcasting; board of governors, Pacific Mountain Network.

From the description of John C. Crabbe papers, 1949-1991 and undated (bulk 1970-1979) (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 29883325

John C. (Crozier) Crabbe, son of Arthur and Louise A. (Wiley) Crabbe, was born on July 3, 1914 in Pomona, California. He attended Modesto (California) College from 1931 to 1934, and then Fresno (California) State College from 1934 to 1936. He finished his Bachelor of Arts degree in theater from the College of the Pacific in 1937 and a MA in 1940. During college, he participated in vaudeville and burlesque theater, mostly as an electrical technician. Crabbe did his postgraduate work at the University of Iowa in 1938, at New York University in 1940, at Stanford University in 1951, and at Ohio State University. On July 17, 1940, he married Bobbin Gay Peck with whom he had three children: John Crozier, William Charles, and Barbara Gay. During World War II, Crabbe served from 1943 to 1946 in the United States Naval Reserve as a lieutenant stationed in Baltimore.

Crabbe's broadcasting career started on a Fresno, California station reading comics from 1934 to 1935. He then began his career in educational broadcasting while he attended the College of the Pacific, Stockton, California. From 1936 to 1937, he taught and produced radio programs for release on commercial stations. After graduation, Crabbe remained at Pacific as Director of Broadcasting from 1937 to 1958 and as KUOP-FM station manager, having helped put the Stockton, California educational radio station on the air in 1949 . This station started as a campus-limited, carrier-current station as part of a laboratory activity. It was student operated except for Crabbe and one chief engineer, and did live productions of music, ballgames, and dramas. Before KUOP started, the College of the Pacific released student class-produced programs through local commercial stations. In addition, he helped organize the first broadcasting curriculum west of the Mississippi in the 1940s.

During World War II, while stationed in Baltimore, Crabbe occupied his spare time by lobbying the Federal Communications Commission for FM channels reserved for educational use. The broadcasting industry did not care much about FM, but simply wanted twenty reserved channels. Finally, the FCC granted educational reservations for FM channels in April, 1952.

Starting in the 1950s, Crabbe's educational broadcasting career involved simultaneous activities in California, Ohio, and Michigan. The biography will now focus on each geographic location separately, starting with California. From 1950 to 1953, Crabbe participated as a member in the Western Radio Television Conference, joining fellow members Jim Day, Public Service Director of San Francisco and Luke Roberts, Public Service Director, KOIN, Portland, Oregon. The conference was first held in San Francisco, and was later held in cities such as Salt Lake City, Los Angeles, and Portland. Meanwhile, in 1951, at Stanford University, Crabbe lectured in radio education.

In 1953, Crabbe served as executive secretary of the Delta-Sierra Educational Television Corporation, a Stockton community organization focused on establishing a station on Channel 42. At the same time, a Sacramento community organization, the Northern California Educational Television was trying to establish an educational television station on Channel 6. These two groups met regularly between 1952 and 1957, and eventually merged in 1955 to form a non-profit corporation called Central California Educational Television (CCET). Crabbe served as CCET's Executive Secretary from 1955 to 1958. In October of 1957, a representative from the Fund for Adult Education, an agency of the Ford Foundation, met with Crabbe. The two men agreed that CCET would have ninety days from December 15, 1957 to raise $100,000 in cash plus $100,000 in pledges to qualify for a Fund grant of $100,000. Working out of an office provided by the College of the Pacific, Crabbe spoke to about 92 groups ranging from PTAs and luncheon clubs to special interest associations and raised $115,000 in cash and over $100,000 in pledges. With the money raised, Channel 6, KVIE, Stockton was established on July 1, 1958 and started broadcasting in mid-December 1958. From July 1958 to 1969, Crabbe served as KVIE's general manager.

In 1961, Crabbe was the manager of Central California ETV, Inc. From 1967 to 1969, Crabbe served as president of the Western Educational Network, was a special consultant in radio education in the schools of central California and was chairman of the Television Advisory Committee of the State of California. From 1967 to July 1968, Crabbe served as vice-president of the Western Radio and Television Association's Western Educational Network, and then succeeded Luke Lamb as president from August 1968 to 1969 when he became chair of communications. Finally, from 1973 to 1974, Crabbe served as consultant to the Joint Committee on Telecommunications of the California Legislature.

Crabbe's Ohio activities began shortly before 1950 when he directed the Association for Education by Radio at Columbus Ohio. Then, from 1950 to 1953, Crabbe became the president of the Association for Educational Radio-TV (AERT) in Columbus, Ohio, having been its vice president. AERT was a largely teacher, in-school oriented organization, inspired by the School Broadcast Conference of Chicago as a reaction to the institutional orientation of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) . Meanwhile, from 1951 to 1952, he was an assistant at the Office of Radio-Television Education at Ohio State University. In 1952, Crabbe became an assistant to Keith Tyler at the Institute for Education by Radio and Television at Ohio State University. He also put together the Ohio State Institute for Education by Radio and Television Competitions on April 18 - 20, 1952. The following banquet included \"Kukla, Fran & Ollie.\"

Crabbe's broadcasting career in Michigan started in 1953 at the National Music Camp at Interlochen. There, from 1953 to 1954, he served as director of radio/television, taping recitals and board concerts on to 104 miles of audio tape and feeding it to WKAR, East Lansing, Michigan. Then, from 1955 to 1956, he was one of the first Program Associates of Educational Television and Radio Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

During the 1960s and 1970s, Crabbe participated in long-range financing, consulting jobs, and was involved on various educational broadcasting committees and boards. In 1961, along with John Schwarzwalder, he served as a regional consultant on a survey on the need for television channels in education under Title VII of National Defense Education Act. At that time, the Federal Communication Commission's number one priority was to properly allocate television spectrum space. From 1962 to 1964, Crabbe served on the Department Committee of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. Then, in 1964, he worked as a consultant in broadcasting for RTV International (East Africa) in New York. In 1969, Crabbe was also a member of the interim management group for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting Network Operation. That year, he received the Banner Award from the Theta Sigma Phi National Professional Society for Women in Journalism and Communications for outstanding contributions in the field of communications. Then, from 1969 to 1973, he was a consultant in public broadcasting.

He spent his last formal years in educational broadcasting in Colorado. There, from 1976 to 1981, he was the director of telecommunications and general manger of KTSC-TV, University of South Colorado, Pueblo, Colorado, and then its consultant after retirement from 1981 on. Also, he served as Director of the University of Southern Colorado Telecommunications Division in 1981. Other involvement in public broadcasting in that region included serving on the board of directors of the Rocky Mountain Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and on the board of governors of the Pacific Mountain Network. Crabbe also contributed articles to professional publications such as the Journal of the Association of Education by Radio- Television (JAERT) .

Crabbe's other business activities included a term as the general manager of Tel-Vue Stockton, Inc. in California in 1972, and as an associate at Arthur Bolton Associates from 1972 to 1973.

John C. Crabbe died in 2001.

From the guide to the John C. 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Goldschmidt was of German descent, born in San Antonio, Texas, on February 24, 1913, to Hermann and Gretchen Goldschmidt. He earned a bachelor's degree at the University of Texas at Austin in 1933, followed by a master's degree in 1935. Goldschmidt completed doctoral studies in 1942 at the University of California, Berkeley. Goldschmidt began work at the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, remaining a social science analyst there until 1946, when he joined the University of California, Los Angeles faculty. He served as editor of the journal American Anthropologist from 1956 to 1959, and was founding editor of another journal, Ethos. Between 1969 and 1970, Goldschmidt was president of the American Ethnological Society. He headed the American Anthropological Association in 1976. Goldschmidt was known for his research into the Hupa and Nomlaki indigenous people living in California, as well as the Tlingit and Haida of Alaska. In his later career, Goldschmidt took an interest to the Sebei people in Uganda. He was twice a Fulbright scholar and received the Bronislaw Malinowski Award. Goldschmidt was named an emeritus professor in the 1980s, though he continued academic research and writing well into retirement. ", "altNames": [ "Goldschmidt, Walter, 1913-2010", "Goldschmidt, Walter Rochs 1913-....", "Goldschmidt, Walter Rochs, 1913-2010", "Goldschmidt, Walter 1913-", "Goldschmidt, Walter (Walter Rochs), 1913-2010", "Goldschmidt, Walter Rochs", "Goldschmidt, Walter R. 1913-", "Goldschmidt, Walter.", "Goldschmidt, Walter R. 1913- (Walter Rochs),", "Walter Rochs Goldschmidt", "Walter R. Goldschmidt", "W. R. Goldschmidt" ], "occupation": [ "Anthropology teachers", "anthropologist" ], "employer": [ "University of California, Los Angeles" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50033276" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/108739135" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50033276" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581447" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nz977t" ], "placeNames": [ "Alaska, Southeast", "Alaska", "California--Los Angeles" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "radio-plays", "title": "Radio plays" }, { "id": "anthropology", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "id": "indians-of-north-america", "title": "Indians of North America" } ], "airtableId": "rec2m1mhqZb8Zw6aY" }, "snac": { "snacId": "40392285", "description": "

Goldschmidt was born on Feb. 24, 1913 in San Antonio, TX; BA (1933) and MA (1935), Univ. of TX; Ph. D, UC Berkeley, 1942; social science analyst at US Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 1940-46; asst. professor (1946-50), assoc. professor (1950-56), professor, and chairman of the dept. of anthropology (1964-69), UCLA; founder and member of the board of directors (1957-60), African Studies Assn.; president, Southwestern Anthropological Society (1950-51) and president of the American Ethnological Society (1969-70); editor, American anthropologist, 1956-59; publications include The Hupa white deerskin dance (1940), Nomlaki ethnography (1951), Man's way : a preface to the understanding of human society (1959), and Comparative functionalism : an essay in anthropological theory (1966).

From the description of Papers, ca. 1930-1994. (University of California, Los Angeles). WorldCat record id: 41113202

Biography

Goldschmidt was born on February 24, 1913 in San Antonio, Texas; BA (1933) and MA (1935), University of Texas; Ph.D, UC Berkeley, 1942; social science analyst at U.S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 1940-46; assistant professor (1946-50), associate professor (1950-56), professor, and chairman of the department of anthropology (1964-69), UCLA; founder and member of the board of directors (1957-60), African Studies Association; president, Southwestern Anthropological Society (1950-51) and president of the American Ethnological Society (1969-70); editor, American anthropologist, 1956-59; publications include The Hupa white deerskin dance (1940), Nomlaki ethnography (1951), Man's way: a preface to the understanding of human society (1959), and Comparative functionalism: an essay in anthropological theory (1966).

From the guide to the Walter Rochs Goldschmidt Papers, ca. 1930-1994, (University of California, Los Angeles. Library. 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(Pierre John), 1903-", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recdzA5mPAsDa3eEI" }, { "id": "harrower-peter", "name": "Harrower, Peter", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recdzR3j39YfqYohb" }, { "id": "williams-tm", "name": "Williams, T.M.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recdzwoJnxvack0X6" }, { "id": "frazier-e-franklin-1894-1962", "name": "Frazier, E. Franklin, 1894-1962", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1273492", "name": "E. Franklin Frazier", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American sociologist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Franklin_Frazier", "birthDate": "1894-09-24T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1962-05-17T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Baltimore", "deathPlace": "Washington, D.C.", "description": "Edward Franklin Frazier (/ˈfreɪʒər/; September 24, 1894 – May 17, 1962), was an American sociologist and author, publishing as E. Franklin Frazier. 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African American sociologist, educator, author, and head of the Dept. of Sociology at Howard University.

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KSLH began broadcasts on April 13, 1950, with receivers set up in 191 city elementary schools around St. Louis, Missouri. All but three of the station's initial 15-minute programs were for grade school students; the exceptions were high school fare on poetry, choral music, and business. KSLH devoted itself almost entirely to instruction for most of its life. By 1953, it broadcast from 9:10 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., matching the school day; it produced about 300 educational programs in a given year, alongside content obtained in the National Association of Educational Broadcasters program exchange. In its first decade of broadcasting, the station produced 2,878 fifteen-minute programs. In addition to NAEB-supplied programs, KSLH educational broadcasts were also supplied by the state of Missouri, the United Nations, and even the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and BBC. As a member of the NAEB, KSLH hosted the 1954 In-School Radio Program Writers' Seminar to bolster school-oriented educational radio programs

\n

Around 1988, KSLH began to face uncertainty as to its future due to budget cuts by the St. Louis school board. After its first buyer fell though, a second buyer emerged in October 1995: Community Broadcasting, Inc., the non-profit stations arm of the Bott Radio Network.

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Robert K. Merton was born in Philadelphia and graduated from Temple Univ. in 1931. Merton went on to graduate school at Harvard where he received his Ph.D. in 1936. Merton went on to teach at Columbia Univ. and published numerous books including; Social theory and social structure, and Sociology of science.

From the description of Letters-Manuscript, 1930-1952. (Temple University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 122628275

Robert K. Merton was one of the most influential 20th-century sociologists. His work shaped the discipline for more than a half century. A prolific writer, editor, teacher, and scholar, Merton examined a broad variety of topics from a sociological perspective while developing concepts and theories aimed at linking particular phenomena to more general social patterns. Well known for identifying and analyzing self-fulfilling prophecies, unanticipated consequences, influentials, and role models, Merton significantly contributed to sociological thought through extensive writings, studies, lectures, and research projects. While most of Merton's career was spent at Columbia University, defining the Sociology Department and the Bureau of Applied Social Research, he was also affiliated with a wide range of professional and scholarly organizations.

Merton was born Meyer R. Schkolnick on July 4, 1910 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The second of two children, he was the son of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. From an early age, Merton spent countless hours at the local Carnegie library where he developed broad interests in literature; particularly biographies, science, and history. In his early teens Merton formed an interest in magic and wrote a high school paper on the magician Harry Houdini. In the course of his research, he discovered that performing artists often Americanized their names. Following suit, he chose Robert Merton as his stage name; Robert, derived from the French magician Robert Houdin (whom Harry Houdini took his last name), and Merton, a version of Merlin the wizard. The middle initial stands for King, but was always abbreviated by Merton. Encouraged by his brother-in-law, Charles Hopkins, he became a skilled magician, doing an array of magic tricks as well as sleight of hand.

Upon graduation from South Philadelphia High School, Robert K. Merton attended Temple University on a scholarship. While at Temple he encountered George E. Simpson, a young sociology instructor, who recruited Merton to be his research assistant. The assistantship, coupled with Simpson's lectures, sealed Merton's interest in the field of sociology.

Through Simpson, Merton met Pitirim Sorokin, founder of the Sociology Department at Harvard University. After receiving a B.A. from Temple in 1931, Merton attended Harvard, claiming Sorokin's deep interest in European sociology was his only reason for choosing the university at the time. In addition to Sorokin, he also cited Talcott Parsons, E.F. Gay, and George Sarton as strong influences on his development while at Harvard. Merton received his M.A. (1932) and his Ph. D. (1936) from Harvard and went on to become an instructor in the University's Sociology Department until 1939.

At Harvard University, Merton's experiences steered the course of his sociological pursuits. While serving as research assistant to Sorokin, Merton wrote his first published paper, \"Recent French Sociology\" in 1934, which led him to the work of Emile Durkheim and formed the basis for what would become Merton's \"own mode of structural and functional analysis.\" Merton's interest in science and technology grew as he attended a course taught by economic historian E.F. Gay, worked with Sorokin on a joint paper on \"Arabian Intellectual Development,\" and encountered George Sarton, the father of the then nascent discipline, the history of science. Sarton greatly influenced Merton's scholarly development and their association, which Merton called an \"unruly apprenticeship,\" lasted 25 years.

Merton's dissertation, on the reciprocal connections between science and society, focused specifically on the role Puritanism took in encouraging the rise of science and showed, counter to ideas prevalent at the time, that religion could stimulate and canalize rather than undermine scientific activity. His dissertation, Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England, published in 1938, is widely viewed as the first work in the sociology of science and continues to stimulate research on the origins of modern science. Merton is considered to be the founder of this branch of sociology.

In 1939 Merton moved to New Orleans and became Associate Professor in Tulane University's Sociology Department, later becoming the department chair. In 1941 Merton accepted an Assistant Professor position in the Sociology Department at Columbia University, which would serve as his academic home for the next four decades.

At Columbia, Merton was a member of the Department of Sociology while concurrently serving as the Associate Director of the Bureau of Applied Social Research, a post he held from 1942-1971. From 1963-1974, he was the Giddings Professor of Sociology and from 1974-1979, he was named to a University Professorship. In 1979 he held the titles of both Special Service Professor and University Professor Emeritus. Merton officially retired from teaching in 1984, but maintained active ties with Columbia University. In 1990, Columbia established the R.K. Merton Professorship in the Social Sciences.

Sociology was a growing discipline during Merton's years at Columbia and much of his work influenced the development of the field. Among his most well-known contributions were his analysis of manifest and latent functions, theories of the middle range, social structure and anomie, bureaucratic structure and personality, the sociology of knowledge, including the varying perspectives of outsiders and insiders, and opportunity structures. He also examined a wide variety of subjects from a sociological perspective, including science, formal organizations, media, friendship, and deviant behavior and its sources. His interest in the sociology of science took a new turn in the late 1950s when he turned to studies of the allocation of recognition for scientific discoveries and the reward system of science, in which competition for priority plays a major role. In the decades which followed, he pursued his work on multiple independent discoveries, and their implications for the development of knowledge, priority, and the Matthew effect.

Merton's involvement with the Bureau of Applied Social Research spanned nearly 30 years. The Bureau was established a year before Merton arrived at Columbia, with Paul F. Lazarsfeld at the helm. The working relationship that developed between Lazarsfeld and Merton was one of the most significant in Merton's career and one that Merton referred to as an \"improbable collaboration.\" While their interests and methods of inquiry differed, they proved to be complementary. Lazarsfeld was known as a methodologist while Merton was the social theorist. Pinpointing their influence on each other over the course of three decades is difficult. However, one of Merton's best known contributions, the focused group interview (which later was transmuted into \"focus groups\"), was brought about by Lazarsfeld's insistence on developing well- articulated research methodologies.

At the Bureau, Merton and Lazarsfeld trained scores of students and colleagues in social research, and produced major sociological studies on the media, mass communication, mixed race housing communities, and professions. Merton published several books related to these studies including, Mass Persuasion (1946), Reader in Bureaucracy (1952), The Student- Physician (1957), Patterns in Social Life: Explorations in the Sociology of Housing (1951), and The Focused Interview (1956).

In this same period, Merton's lectures on sociological theory drew scores of students not only from the sociology department but also from departments of history, anthropology, and economics. Courses included Analysis of Social Structure, History of Theory, and Selected Problems in the Theory of Organizations. In conjunction with his studies at the Bureau, Merton also led seminars on the Professions in Modern Society, the Sociological Study of Medical Schools, and the Social Organization of Housing Communities. His commitment to the sociology of science developed further in a seminar of the same name which Merton co-taught with Harriet Zuckerman. As teacher and dissertation advisor, he influenced generations of leading sociologists. These included James Coleman, Peter Blau, Seymour Martin Lipset, Lewis and Rose Coser, Alvin Gouldner, Alice Kitt Rossi, Raymond Boudon, Gary Runciman, Cynthia Epstein, Stephen Cole, Jonathan Cole, and Harriet Zuckerman.

All apart from his teaching, Merton was a productive scholar and editor. In addition to serving on various editorial boards for scholarly publications, as varied as Britannica International Encyclopedia and ISIS, he also edited vast numbers of manuscripts by students and colleagues. By Merton's own estimate, he edited 2,000 articles and 250 books. His own writings include over 175 published articles and nearly 30 books, as well as numerous book reviews, forwards, introductions, and compilations.

Many of the well-known theories and concepts Merton created are reflected in his published articles, including \"The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action\" (1936), \"The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy\" (1948), \"Social Structure and Anomie\" (1938), \"Insiders and Outsiders\" (1972), and \"Priorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Science\" (1957). Merton's notable books include Social Theory and Social Structure (1949; 1957 and 1968 enlarged edition), Contemporary Social Problems (with Robert Nisbet) (1961), and The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (1973), and The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity (2003).

A fastidious and tireless scholar, Merton devoted long hours to study and research. He was known to sleep very little, and often noted the early morning hour in his letters. Owing to his meticulous note taking and organization of research materials, he revisited earlier themes and ideas, revised and restructured his writing. He also put many projects aside being dissatisfied with the work he had done and completed them only decades later. Merton was a lover of language and embarked on projects to analyze words and their origins, from a historical and sociological perspective, the best known being the aphorism \"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.\" Merton's journey to discover the phrases' origins led to the publication of On the Shoulders of Giants: a Shandean Postscript in 1965. The book, which he characterized as his favorite \"brain child,\" is told as a discursive narrative, drawing the reader into the process of its creation while examining the creation of ideas. Many of Merton's publications follow this technique, and contain Merton's trademark wit and humor.

Merton's numerous interests were also reflected in his affiliations with various committees, commissions, boards, and councils. Merton was an adjunct faculty member at The Rockefeller University and Resident Scholar and Foundation Scholar with the Russell Sage Foundation. He served as the George Sarton Professor of the History of Science at the University of Ghent in Belgium from 1986-1987 and as President of various professional associations, including the American Sociological Association, Sociological Research Association, Eastern Sociological Society, and the Society for Social Studies of Science.

Merton's professional accolades speak to his extraordinary accomplishments. Over the course of his career he garnered twenty nine honorary degrees from universities around the world, membership in honorary societies, awards, lectureships, and trusteeships. His most notable honors include membership in the National Academy of Science, the American Philosophical Society, the Swedish Academy of Science, the British Academy and the Academia Europea. In 1994 Merton became the first sociologist to receive the National Medal of Science. He also held a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship in 1962, a MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 1983-1988, and the American Sociological Association's Common Wealth Award for Distinguished Service in 1979. Colleagues remarked that had there been a Nobel Prize in Sociology, Merton surely would have received it.

Merton was married twice and had three children, Stephanie, Robert, and Vanessa. He passed away on February 23, 2003 at the age of 92. His final work, co-authored with Elinor Barber, The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity, was published in Italian in 2002 and posthumously in English in 2004.

Sources: Crothers, Charles. Robert K. Merton. Key Sociologists Series. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited; London: Tavistock Publications, 1987. Merton, Robert K. \"A Life of Learning: Charles Homer Haskins Lecture.\" ACLS Occasional Paper, No. 25. New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 1994.

From the description of Robert K. Merton papers, 1928-2003 [Bulk Dates: 1943-2001]. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 436206178

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Robert K. Merton was one of the most influential sociologists whose work shaped the discipline in the mid-to-late 20th century. A prolific writer, editor, teacher, and scholar, Merton examined a broad variety of topics from a sociological perspective while developing concepts and theories aimed at linking particular phenomena to more general social patterns. Well known for identifying and analyzing self-fulfilling prophecies, unanticipated consequences, influentials, and role models, Merton significantly contributed to sociological thought through extensive writings, studies, lectures, and research projects. While most of Merton's career was spent at Columbia University, defining the Sociology Department and the Bureau of Applied Social Research, he was also affiliated with a wide range of professional and scholarly organizations.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Merton was born Meyer R. Schkolnick on July 4, 1910 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The second of two children, he was the son of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. From an early age, Merton spent countless hours at the local Carnegie library where he developed broad interests in literature; particularly biographies, science, and history. In his early teens Merton formed an interest in magic and wrote a high school paper on the magician Harry Houdini. In the course of his research, he discovered that performing artists often Americanized their names. Following suit, he chose Robert Merton as his stage name; Robert, derived from the French magician Robert Houdin (whom Harry Houdini took his last name), and Merton, a version of Merlin the wizard. The middle initial stands for King, but was always abbreviated by Merton. Encouraged by his brother-in-law, Charles Hopkins, he became a skilled magician, doing an array of magic tricks as well as sleight of hand.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Upon graduation from South Philadelphia High School, Robert K. Merton attended Temple University on a scholarship. While at Temple he encountered George E. Simpson, a young sociology instructor, who recruited Merton to be his research assistant. The assistantship, coupled with Simpson's lectures, sealed Merton's interest in the field of sociology.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Through Simpson, Merton met Pitirim Sorokin, founder of the Sociology Department at Harvard University. After receiving a B.A. from Temple in 1931, Merton attended Harvard, claiming Sorokin's deep interest in European sociology was his only reason for choosing the university at the time. In addition to Sorokin, he also cited Talcott Parsons, E.F. Gay, and George Sarton as strong influences on his development while at Harvard. Merton received his M.A. (1932) and his Ph.D. (1936) from Harvard and went on to become an instructor in the University's Sociology Department until 1939.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED At Harvard University, Merton's experiences steered the course of his sociological pursuits. While serving as research assistant to Sorokin, Merton wrote his first published paper, \"Recent French Sociology\" in 1934, which led him to the work of Emile Durkheim and formed the basis for what would become Merton's \"own mode of structural and functional analysis.\" Merton's interest in science and technology grew as he attended a course taught by economic historian E.F. Gay, worked with Sorokin on a joint paper on \"Arabian Intellectual Development,\" and encountered George Sarton, the father of the then nascent discipline, the history of science. Sarton greatly influenced Merton's scholarly development and their association, which Merton called an \"unruly apprenticeship,\" lasted 25 years.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Merton's dissertation, on the reciprocal connections between science and society, focused specifically on the role Puritanism took in encouraging the rise of science and showed, counter to ideas prevalent at the time, that religion could stimulate and canalize rather than undermine scientific activity. His dissertation, Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England, published in 1938, is widely viewed as the first work in the sociology of science and continues to stimulate research on the origins of modern science. Merton is considered to be the founder of this branch of sociology.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED In 1939 Merton moved to New Orleans and became Associate Professor in Tulane University's Sociology Department, later becoming the department chair. In 1941 Merton accepted an Assistant Professor position in the Sociology Department at Columbia University, which would serve as his academic home for the next four decades.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED At Columbia, Merton was a member of the Department of Sociology while concurrently serving as the Associate Director of the Bureau of Applied Social Research, a post he held from 1942-1971. From 1963-1974, he was the Giddings Professor of Sociology and from 1974-1979, he was named to a University Professorship. In 1979 he held the titles of both Special Service Professor and University Professor Emeritus. Merton officially retired from teaching in 1984, but maintained active ties with Columbia University. In 1990, Columbia established the R.K. Merton Professorship in the Social Sciences.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Sociology was a growing discipline during Merton's years at Columbia and much of his work influenced the development of the field. Among his most well-known contributions were his analysis of manifest and latent functions, theories of the middle range, social structure and anomie, bureaucratic structure and personality, the sociology of knowledge, including the varying perspectives of outsiders and insiders, and opportunity structures. He also examined a wide variety of subjects from a sociological perspective, including science, formal organizations, media, friendship, and deviant behavior and its sources. His interest in the sociology of science took a new turn in the late 1950s when he turned to studies of the allocation of recognition for scientific discoveries and the reward system of science, in which competition for priority plays a major role. In the decades which followed, he pursued his work on multiple independent discoveries, and their implications for the development of knowledge, priority, and the Matthew effect.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Merton's involvement with the Bureau of Applied Social Research spanned nearly 30 years. The Bureau was established a year before Merton arrived at Columbia, with Paul F. Lazarsfeld at the helm. The working relationship that developed between Lazarsfeld and Merton was one of the most significant in Merton's career and one that Merton referred to as an \"improbable collaboration.\" While their interests and methods of inquiry differed, they proved to be complementary. Lazarsfeld was known as a methodologist while Merton was the social theorist. Pinpointing their influence on each other over the course of three decades is difficult. However, one of Merton's best known contributions, the focused group interview (which later was transmuted into \"focus groups\"), was brought about by Lazarsfeld's insistence on developing well- articulated research methodologies.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED At the Bureau, Merton and Lazarsfeld trained scores of students and colleagues in social research, and produced major sociological studies on the media, mass communication, mixed race housing communities, and professions. Merton published several books related to these studies including, Mass Persuasion (1946), Reader in Bureaucracy (1952), The Student- Physician (1957), Patterns in Social Life: Explorations in the Sociology of Housing (1951), and The Focused Interview (1956).

BIOGHIST REQUIRED In this same period, Merton's lectures on sociological theory drew scores of students not only from the sociology department but also from departments of history, anthropology, and economics. Courses included Analysis of Social Structure, History of Theory, and Selected Problems in the Theory of Organizations. In conjunction with his studies at the Bureau, Merton also led seminars on the Professions in Modern Society, the Sociological Study of Medical Schools, and the Social Organization of Housing Communities. His commitment to the sociology of science developed further in a seminar of the same name which Merton co-taught with Harriet Zuckerman. As teacher and dissertation advisor, he influenced generations of leading sociologists. These included James Coleman, Peter Blau, Seymour Martin Lipset, Lewis and Rose Coser, Alvin Gouldner, Alice Kitt Rossi, Raymond Boudon, Gary Runciman, Cynthia Epstein, Stephen Cole, Jonathan Cole, and Harriet Zuckerman.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Apart from his teaching, Merton was a productive scholar and editor. In addition to serving on various editorial boards for scholarly publications, as varied as Britannica International Encyclopedia and ISIS, he also edited vast numbers of manuscripts by students and colleagues. By Merton's own estimate, he edited 2,000 articles and 250 books. His own writings include over 175 published articles and nearly 30 books, as well as numerous book reviews, forwards, introductions, and compilations.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Many of the well-known theories and concepts Merton created are reflected in his published articles, including \"The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action\" (1936), \"The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy\" (1948), \"Social Structure and Anomie\" (1938), \"Insiders and Outsiders\" (1972), and \"Priorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Science\" (1957). Merton's notable books include Social Theory and Social Structure (1949; 1957 and 1968 enlarged edition), Contemporary Social Problems (with Robert Nisbet) (1961), and The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (1973), and The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity (2003).

BIOGHIST REQUIRED A fastidious and tireless scholar, Merton devoted long hours to study and research. He was known to sleep very little, and often noted the early morning hour in his letters. Owing to his meticulous note taking and organization of research materials, he revisited earlier themes and ideas, revised and restructured his writing. He also put many projects aside being dissatisfied with the work he had done and completed them only decades later. Merton was a lover of language and embarked on projects to analyze words and their origins, from a historical and sociological perspective, the best known being the aphorism \"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.\" Merton's journey to discover the phrases' origins led to the publication of On the Shoulders of Giants: a Shandean Postscript in 1965. The book, which he characterized as his favorite \"brain child,\" is told as a discursive narrative, drawing the reader into the process of its creation while examining the creation of ideas. Many of Merton's publications follow this technique, and contain Merton's trademark wit and humor.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Merton's numerous interests were also reflected in his affiliations with various committees, commissions, boards, and councils. Merton was an adjunct faculty member at The Rockefeller University and Resident Scholar and Foundation Scholar with the Russell Sage Foundation. He served as the George Sarton Professor of the History of Science at the University of Ghent in Belgium from 1986-1987 and as President of various professional associations, including the American Sociological Association, Sociological Research Association, Eastern Sociological Society, and the Society for Social Studies of Science.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Merton's professional accolades speak to his extraordinary accomplishments. Over the course of his career he garnered twenty nine honorary degrees from universities around the world, membership in honorary societies, awards, lectureships, and trusteeships. His most notable honors include membership in the National Academy of Science, the American Philosophical Society, the Swedish Academy of Science, the British Academy and the Academia Europea. In 1994 Merton became the first sociologist to receive the National Medal of Science. He also held a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship in 1962, a MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 1983-1988, and the American Sociological Association's Common Wealth Award for Distinguished Service in 1979. Colleagues remarked that had there been a Nobel Prize in Sociology, Merton surely would have received it.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Merton was married twice and had three children, Stephanie, Robert, and Vanessa. He passed away on February 23, 2003 at the age of 92. His final work, co-authored with Elinor Barber, The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity, was published in Italian in 2002 and posthumously in English in 2004.

Sources:

Crothers, Charles. Robert K. Merton. Key Sociologists Series. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited; London: Tavistock Publications, 1987.

Merton, Robert K. \"A Life of Learning: Charles Homer Haskins Lecture.\" ACLS Occasional Paper, No. 25. New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 1994.

From the guide to the Robert K. Merton Papers, 1928-2003, [Bulk Dates: 1943-2001]., (Columbia University. 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The Contemporary Chamber Players was an art music performance ensemble founded at the University of Chicago by composer and Department of Music faculty member Ralph Shapey (1921-2002). During Shapey's tenure as conductor and director (1964-1993), the ensemble dedicated itself to the performance of compositions by the University of Chicago's doctoral candidates in composition, as well as newer or unknown composers who had not yet achieved national or international attention. Consequently, many of the composers whose works were performed by Contemporary Chamber Players went on to become prominent figures in the world of contemporary art music. Contemporary Chamber Players premiered works by composers such as Mario Davidovsky, George Perle, Shulamit Ran, George Rochberg, Roger Sessions and Ralph Shapey. Contemporary Chamber Players benefitted greatly from funding from the Fromm Music Foundation, founded by Chicagoan Paul Fromm (1906-1987). The ensemble held an annual concert in his honor, featuring compositions by well-known contemporary art music composers. The ensemble also toured the United States, playing venues such as the Library of Congress and Carnegie Hall, as well as numerous colleges and universities. Locally, Contemporary Chamber Players worked closely with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra during the tenure of music director Jean Martinon (1963-1968). After Ralph Shapey stepped down as Contemporary Chamber Players's director in 1993, the group was led by several resident conductors until Shulamit Ran, a faculty member and former Shapey student, became artistic director in 2002. The ensemble continues performing new art music in Chicago under the name Contempo.

From the description of University of Chicago Contemporary Chamber Players records, 1958-1996 (inclusive). (University of Chicago Library). WorldCat record id: 605875970

The Contemporary Chamber Players was an art music performance ensemble founded at the University of Chicago by composer and Department of Music faculty member Ralph Shapey (1921-2002). During Shapey's tenure as conductor and director (1964-1993), the ensemble dedicated itself to the performance of compositions by the University of Chicago's doctoral candidates in composition, as well as newer or unknown composers who had not yet achieved national or international attention. Consequently, many of the composers whose works were performed by Contemporary Chamber Players went on to become prominent figures in the world of contemporary art music. Contemporary Chamber Players premiered works by composers such as Mario Davidovsky, George Perle, Shulamit Ran, George Rochberg, Roger Sessions and Ralph Shapey.

Contemporary Chamber Players benefitted greatly from funding from the Fromm Music Foundation, founded by Chicagoan Paul Fromm (1906-1987). The ensemble held an annual concert in his honor, featuring compositions by well-known contemporary art music composers. The ensemble also toured the United States, playing venues such as the Library of Congress and Carnegie Hall, as well as numerous colleges and universities. Locally, Contemporary Chamber Players worked closely with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra during the tenure of music director Jean Martinon (1963-1968).

After Ralph Shapey stepped down as Contemporary Chamber Players's director in 1993, the group was led by several resident conductors until Shulamit Ran, a faculty member and former Shapey student, became artistic director in 2002. The ensemble continues performing new art music in Chicago under the name Contempo.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Contemporary Chamber Players. Records, 1958-1996, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)", "altNames": [ "University of Chicago. Contemporary Chamber Players." ], "subjects": [ "Composers", "Composition (Music)", "Music--20th century" ], "airtableId": "recaxE1NXvIKkpO5g" }, "airtableId": "receRHeiujdY1xni1" }, { "id": "martin-wilbur", "name": "Martin, Wilbur", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "receSMMqTwgUq3IzX" }, { "id": "masuda-yoshinobu", "name": "Masuda, Yoshinobu", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "receTkvn0rieQuvD9" }, { "id": "robbins-buren", "name": "Robbins, Buren", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "receU4BfurxW3Bmfe" }, { "id": "walter-h-baker-company", "name": "Walter H. Baker Company", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q108635269", "name": "Walter H. 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The Illinois State Library was created in 1843 to provide books to General Assembly members and other state officials. The Library was placed under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of State, who was also designated State Librarian. In 1867, the Governor and Superintendent of Public Instruction were named as commissioners to aid in State Library management. Their duties became strictly advisory in 1921 and were assumed in 1939 by a State Library Advisory Committee whose members are appointed by the Secretary of State. In addition to providing library services for state employees, the State Library promotes, supports, and implements library development throughout the state.

From the description of Library system annual reports [microform], 1975-1980. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067850From the description of Public library systems funding study files, 1973-1975. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061319From the description of Illinois Education Association Executive Committee meeting minutes, 1939-1943. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067617From the description of School library field visitor's correspondence, 1939-1951. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061371From the description of Extension Services WPA Files, 1932-1944. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061447From the description of Illinet bibliographic data base service administrative files, 1974-1986. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067875From the description of Illinois library service study, 1940. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067457From the description of National Youth Administration rural library project records, 1935-1940. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061510From the description of Library general information survey files, 1970-1977. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36093299From the description of School library administrative files, 1939-1947. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061351From the description of Public library performance evaluation study files, 1973-1977. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067788From the description of Personnel files, 1937-1963. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36046859From the description of Photographs and scrapbooks, 1916-1962. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36049017From the description of Public library files, 1910-1980. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061141From the description of Community relations seminar meeting minutes, 1939-1944. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067516From the description of Public libraries survey files, 1926-1934. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061212From the description of Illinois Library Materials Processing Center meeting minutes, 1966-1981. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067667From the description of Procedures manuals, 1937-1953. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36061594From the description of Illinois State Library Advisory Committee meeting minutes, 1937-1960. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36067571From the description of Statistical reports, 1936-1956. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36048975From the description of Exchange requests, 1918-1947. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36049060From the description of Register of book loans, 1842-1919. (Illinois State Archive). WorldCat record id: 36046433

The state library of Illinois was located in the State Capitol at Springfield and was used by many prominent public officials of the time.

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Explorer, scientist, and mountaineer Bradford Washburn pioneered the West Buttress route to the summit of Mount McKinley. He is the definitive cartographer of Mount McKinley and Mount Everest.

From the description of Bradford and Barbara Washburn papers, 1920- (University of Alaska, Fairbanks). WorldCat record id: 154128965

Bradford Washburn is an explorer, geographer, and former director of the Museum of Science in Boston.

From the description of Letter, 1995. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008891

Born June 7th, 1910 in Boston, Massachusetts to Edith and Henry Washburn. Bradford was soon to complete his first literary work by the age of nine entitled \"Fishing, What a Boy Thinks,\" for The Churchman in 1919. This was only the beginning of an outstanding career which continues into the year 2000. Not only has he proved himself an accomplished writer, he has also spent more than sixty years piloting, climbing, mapping, and exploring the highest mountains in North America, the Alps, and Mount Everest. Along with Barbara, his wife, they have mapped Mt. McKinley, the Grand Canyon and Mount Everest.

Washburn earned his pilot's license in 1934. He was also fascinated with radio and became an expert in aeronautical radio navigation. In 1937 he spent a weekend with Amelia Earhart and her husband, George Putnam. Because he was well known to Putnam, skilled as a pilot, a radio operator and had lots of experience in the Lockheed Electra, Washburn was considered for Earhart's round the world flight. However, he backed out because of safety considerations.

He has served as the Director of Boston's Museum of Science from 1939 until his retirement in 1980. He currently serves as their Honorary Director.

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Public broadcasting executive. President, general manager & co-founder, Alabama Educational Television Commission; founder, Alabama Public Television Network; president, National Association of Educational Television.

From the description of Raymond D. Hurlbert papers, 1953-1975. (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 31499335

Raymond D. Hurlbert was born on March 21, 1902 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Ernest Sanford and Alice Lillian Jenkins Hurlbert. His parents moved to Birmingham, Alabama, in 1906. He received his B.A. from Birmingham Southern College in 1924. Upon graduation, Hurlbert took a position as a high school teacher in Birmingham. Meanwhile, he returned to Birmingham Southern College to study for a masters degree, completing his studies in 1936.

Prior to his association with public television, Hurlbert was elementary school principal in the Birmingham City School System from 1930 to 1955, and was Chairman of its Public Relations Committee. Meanwhile, he served as first President in 1948 and then Trustee in 1949 of the Alabama Educational Association. In addition, he was elected President of both the Birmingham Teachers Association and the Alabama Elementary Principals' Association.

Hurlbert's career in public broadcasting began in the early fifties when he set up the first state noncommercial television network, the Alabama Public Television Network. He also helped to establish the Alabama Educational Television Commission and was its first President from 1953 to 1955, when he became its first and only General Manager in 1955, retiring from his principal job in Birmingham. After twenty years in Alabama educational television, Hurlbert retired in March of 1973 to work as a consultant for R.P.I. Consultant Services.

Hurlbert also participated nationally in educational and public broadcasting. He served as the chairman of the Board of the ETV Division of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters from 1962 to 1963 . He was also a member of the National Association of Educational Television (NAET), becoming its president in 1968 .

Raymond Hurlbert played an important role in the national scene as well as in Alabama. President Lyndon B. Johnson recognized him for his significant role in the establishment and funding of National Educational Television . Furthermore, his frequent testimony before Congressional committees on behalf of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 was influential in swaying political support for the measure. Finally, for his work as the \"father of Alabama ETV,\" Hurlbert was posthumously inducted into the Alabama Communications Hall of Fame in 2009.

Raymond D. Hurlbert died in 1996.

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American literary critic, author, and professor of English at Princeton University from 1951.

From the description of Manuscripts. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122529910

Blackmur was an American literary critic and poet.

From the description of Poems, 1921-1964. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 122505745From the guide to the R. P. (Richard P.) Blackmur poems, 1921-1964., (Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University)

American author and critic.

From the description of Corrected typescripts, 1923-1931. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122500056

American poet and critic.

From the description of Letter : to the literary editor [of the Bookman], 1930 Mar. 7. (Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center (HRC); University of Texas at Austin). WorldCat record id: 86157605

American literary critic, author, professor of English at Princeton University from 1951.

From the description of Richard P. Blackmur manuscripts, 1922-1931. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 467178763

Blackmur was an American literary critic.

From the description of Correspondence concerning Henry Adams, 1838-1951. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 122556361From the guide to the R. P. (Richard P.) Blackmur correspondence concerning Henry Adams, 1838-1951., (Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University)

Blackmur was a poet and literary critic.

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Malcolm Lowry was born in 1909 in Birkenhead, England. By the age of 30, when he had arrived in British Columbia, he had received a B.A. in English from Cambridge University, published a novel and travelled to the United States and Mexico. By this time he had begun work on his major novel Under the Volcano. In 1940 he married Margerie Bonner. For the next fifteen years he resided primarily in Dollarton, North Vancouver and travelled abroad before returning to England. His final home was in Sussex, where he died in 1957. From the time he came to British Columbia until his death, Lowry wrote novels, short stories, radio and film scripts and poetry.

From the description of Malcolm Lowry collection. 1910-1962. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606462561

Prior to the establishment of the University of British Columbia Archives in 1970, the UBC Library began to collect copies of faculty publications. Although not necessarily comprehensive, the collection of material grew over time with the Library periodically sending out notices to faculty members inviting them to deposit copies of off-prints and articles. The University Archives continued to collect this material until the practice was discontinued in 1990.

From the description of UBC faculty publications collection. 1918-1985. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606468153

Student examinations provide useful insights into changing pedagogy at the University. They reflect changes in teaching practices and within the fields of study themselves. These examinations have been assembled from variety of sources including the Registrars Office and UBC Student Services-Counselling Services.

From the description of UBC undergraduate student examination collection. 1915-2003. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606468154

The Canadian Medical Expedition to Easter Island (M.E.T.E.I.) under the direction of Stanley C. Skoryna of McGill University, was organized to ©study the relative role of environment and hereditary factors on an isolated population.♯ The twenty-five person expedition included two UBC participants, Ian Efford (Zoology) and graduate student Jack Mathias. Sponsored by the World Health Organization the M.E.T.E.I had three objectives: 1) to conduct multi-disciplinary studies of native populations; 2) to study methods of collection and preservation of biological materials on field conditions, and; 3) to assist the population with medical problems. The expedition operated between October 1964 and February 1965.

From the description of Medical Expedition to Easter Island (M.E.T.E.I.) collection. 1962-1980. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606468106

The British Press were given permission to photograph British activities in World War I. Most of the prints are stamped \"Passed for transmission abroad\" by either the Ministry of Information, Photographic Section or the Associated Illustration Agencies. Although specific photographers are not mentioned, there is a note on the back of most photographs stating, \"Please acknowledge \"British Official\" - Crown Copyright Reserved.\"

From the description of World War I British press photograph collection. 1914-1918. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606469334

The Civil War was a four-year conflict between the American Union and the eleven Confederate States of America over the right to secede from the Union.

From the description of United States Civil War collection. 1860-1873. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606463210

The Doukhobors are a priestless religious sect which emerged in Russia in the eighteenth century. Their faith is based on the belief that everyone carries within them the Holy Spirit. The destruction of life is, therefore, a grievous sin. In the early nineteenth century the Doukhobors had established themselves as a separate body of settlers in Southern Russia. Living in relative isolation, Doukhoborism became more than a branch of the Christian faith, it also permeated their culture and economic life. They practiced pacificism and vegetarianism and rejected co-operation with political authority when it conflicted with their beliefs. Because of their way of life, the Doukhobors suffered extensive persecution in czarist Russia. In 1898, with the assistance of Count Lev Tolstoy and the English Society of Friends (Quakers), many Doukhobors were able to emigrate to Canada.

From the description of Doukhobor research collection. 1839-1980. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606461478

Administrative history unavailable.

From the description of UBC campus maps and plans collection. 1912- (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606456831From the description of British Columbia historical postcard and photograph albums collection. [ca. 1860-1939], predominant [ca. 1900]-1921. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606469147From the description of Sasquatch research collection. 1968-1981. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606469279From the description of British Columbia Executive Council collection. 1952-1967. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606469144

Provisions for a library at the University of British Columbia were first made in 1914, one year before the institution opened its doors at the old Fairview campus. President Frank F. Wesbrook secured the services of J.T. Gerould to select and purchase books for the Library. In 1914 John Ridington was hired to catalogue the Library's collections, and in 1916 was appointed UBC's first University Librarian. During his tenure he saw the collection grow from 700 to 125,000 volumes. Ridington also oversaw the move of the collections in 1925 from Fairview to the new Library at the Point Grey campus. He was succeeded by W. Kaye Lamb (1940-1948), Anne Smith (1948-1949, 1951, acting), Leslie W. Dunlap (1949-1951), Neal Harlow (1951-1961), Samuel Rothstein (1961-1962, acting), Jim Ranz (1962-1963), Basil Stuart-Stubbs (1964-1982), Douglas McInnes (1982-1989), William Watson (1989-1990, acting), Ruth Patrick (1990-1997) and Catherine Quinlan (1998- ). In recent years Assistant University Librarians have also been appointed, with specific areas of responsibility. A north wing was added to the Library building in 1948, and a south wing in 1960. The Library's growth led to the reorganisation of its collections and public services into subject-based divisions in 1960. In addition, a process of decentralization was begun in 1952 with the opening of the Bio-Medical Branch Library at Vancouver General Hospital. A more comprehensive decentralization plan, implemented in the 1960s, created a large and dispersed system which by 1999 consisted of two central libraries (Main Library and the Walter C. Koerner Library), thirteen public service branches and divisions, and eight internal service divisions. A three million dollar donation by industrialist H.R. Macmillan in 1965 significantly enhanced the size of the Library's collection, which by the 1990s had grown to over three million books. The Library continues to provide access to recorded knowledge and information - in the form of books, periodicals, manuscripts, audio-visual materials, and electronic media - to students, faculty, and the surrounding community.

From the description of Library fonds. 1908-2004. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606455939

Provincial legislation passed in November 1973 gave rise to the development of the British Columbia Medical Centre. The legislation established a network of hospitals and related health facilities to provide patient care services, health science teaching, and related medical research. BCMC integrated the resources of numerous institutions including Vancouver General Hospital, UBC Health Science Centre, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Children's Hospital, B.C. Cancer Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, and Shaughnessy Hospital. The creation of BCMC would have involved a massive expansion of the Shaughnessy Hospital, which generated a great deal of public controversy. The provincial government disbanded BCMC in 1976 in light of the high cost of its operations.

From the description of British Columbia Medical Centre collection. 1973-1977. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606468008

Radio Canada International (RCI) is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporations (CBC) international service, and originally began broadcasting in 1945, just prior to the end of World War II. Originally intended as a way to provide a service to Canadian soldiers in Europe, RCI quickly realized that there was a need to develop awareness about Canada and Canadian identity around the world and now broadcasts to the United States, Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia. In an effort to provide information about Canada and Canadian people, places and events to the Japanese, Radio Canada International began broadcasting Canadian news and information on a Japanese-language current affairs program in 1983.

From the description of Radio Canada International recordings collection. 1977-1987, predominant 1983-1987. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 607067892

The Japanese Canadian research collection has been assembled by a number of individuals interested in documenting the experiences of Japanese Canadians, particularly in British Columbia.

From the description of Japanese Canadian research collection. 1900-1970. (University of British Columbia Library). WorldCat record id: 606462284

Angus MacInnis was employed as a conductor and motorman for the B.C. Electric Railway shortly after his arrival in Vancouver in 1908. An interest in the trade union movement led him to become business agent for the Amalgamated Association of Street, Electrical Railway and Motor Coach Employees of America, Division 101. Politically active on both the local and national scene, he was elected MP for Vancouver South for the Independent Labour Party in 1930 and he served the same constituency as a member of the CCF (1935-1957). MacInnis was Deputy National Leader of the CCF from 1942 to 1957.

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Epithet: Professor of Education New York University

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Maybee was a history professor at CMU. The Clarke Historical Library has several of his publications and his papers. The Advisory Committee developed plans for major events, publications, re-dedications of campus buildings, presentations, and a historical marker for CMU's 75th Anniversary. The Awards Screening Committee reviewed nominations of people who had contributed significantly in some way to CMU, selected honorees, and organized a presentation ceremony and plaque for each honoree. The Clarke also has the papers of Senator Robert P. Griffin.

From the description of 75th Anniversary Collection, 1893-1972. (Clarke Historical Library). WorldCat record id: 44522492

Central Michigan University (CMU) held a centennial anniversary celebration in 1992. For early historical records, see the collections of the CMU College of Education and Human Services. Engler served as Gov. of Mich., 1991-2002; Mich. Senator, 1979-1990, and in the Mich. House of Reps., 1970-1978. McBryde served as the 99th Dist. Rep., 1990-1998. He graduated from CMU in 1972. Camp served a term as a Mich. Rep. before being elected as a U.S. Congressman from Mich.'s 4th District in 1990. He was re-elected in 2000. Smith served as Mount Pleasant (Mich.)'s mayor in 1992 and 1996. (Information from Mich. Manual, government websites, and Mount Pleasant city hall.).

From the description of Centennial anniversary collection, 1992. (Clarke Historical Library). WorldCat record id: 51180567

CMU was called Central State Teachers College from 1927 through 1941.

From the description of Miscellaneous financial collection, 1925,2003. (Clarke Historical Library). WorldCat record id: 62364726

In this time period, there was no Registrar's office at what was then Central State Normal School. These records were probably kept by the two secretaries for the college.

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Lee Eitzen was born April 8, 1920 in Minnesota. He earned a Master of Music degree from the University of Michigan in 1950. During his career he worked in radio and broadcasting at WSUI (University of Iowa), WUOM (University of Michigan), KWLC (Luther College), and Columbia Broadcasting Company. From at least 1953 to at least 1955, Eitzen worked as a program director at the University of Iowa's WSUI radio station. During this time, he served as composer, conductor, and production manager for the radio series \"How's the family\". In 1955, he was a member of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters' Radio Network Committee Program Planning Subcommittee and the Grants-in-Aid Committee. Eitzen died on April 4, 1981 in Michigan.

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The National Congress of Parents and Teachers (now the PTA) was organized by Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst in December 1896. The first national meeting of the National Congress of Mothers (as it was first called) was held in Washington D.C. in February, 1897. In 1908 the name was changed to the National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations in an effort to recognize the importance of the parent-teacher partnership. In 1924, the name was changed to the National Congress of Parents and Teachers. In 1950, the group's national headquarters was established in Chicago. The initial focus of the group was on mother/teacher cooperation and child welfare issues. However, as the organization grew and diversified, it supported many other causes including sex education, teacher salary increases, mothers' pension laws, safety, homemaking, adult education, nutrition, anti-drug and -tobacco use, race relations, flouridation of water supplies, and polio prevention.

From the description of Records, 1896-1965. (University of Illinois-Chicago Library). 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University president; interviewee d.1977.

From the description of Reminiscences of Robert Maynard Hutchins : oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309740103

American author and University administrator.

From the description of Typed letters signed (2) : Chicago, to Edward Wagenknecht, 1941 Feb. 4 and Apr. 15. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270868116

From the CSDI Collection (Mss 18) description:

Hutchins, Robert Maynard. Born: Brooklyn, Jan. 17, 1899. Died: May 14, 1977. CSDI: Chief Executive Officer, 1954-1974; President, 1956-1969, 1975-1977; Member, Board of Directors, 1956-1969, 1974-1977; Chairman of the Consultants, 1958-1962; Fellow of the Center, 1965-1974; Senior Fellow, 1969-1974; Chairman, Board of Directors, 1970-1974; Chairman of Fellows, 1971-1974; Life Fellow, 1974-1977. Oberlin College, student, 1915-1917. Yale, A.B.,1921; A.M., 1922; LL.B., 1925. Yale Law School, Lecturer,1925-1927; Professor of Law, 1927-1929; Acting Dean, 1927-1928; Dean, 1928-1929. President, University of Chicago, 1929-1945; Chancellor, 1945-1951. Associate Director, Ford Foundation, 1951-1954. Board of Editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1946-1974; Director, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1947-1974; Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Inc., 1947-1974. Publications include: The Higher Learning in America (1936), No Friendly Voice (1936),Education for Freedom (1943), Great Books of the Western World (Editor in Chief, 1948-1957), St. Thomas and the World State (1949), Morals, Religion and Higher Education (1950), The Democratic Dilemma (1951), The Great Conversation: The Substance of a Liberal Education (Great Books of the Western World, v. 1, 1952), The Conflict in Education in a Democratic Society (1953), The University of Utopia (1953), Great Books, the Foundation of a Liberal Education (1954), Freedom, Education, and the Fund: Essays and Addresses, 1946-1956 (1956), Some Observations on American Education (1956), The Learning Society (1968), Zuckerlandl! (1968), and Contemporary Ideas in Historical Perspective (edited with Mortimer Adler, 1977).

From the description of Robert Maynard Hutchins Collection, ca. 1951-1991 (University of California, Santa Barbara). WorldCat record id: 780712087

Biography

From the CSDI Collection (Mss 18) description:

Hutchins, Robert Maynard. Born: Brooklyn, Jan. 17, 1899. Died: May 14, 1977. CSDI: Chief Executive Officer, 1954-1974; President, 1956-1969, 1975-1977; Member, Board of Directors, 1956-1969, 1974-1977; Chairman of the Consultants, 1958-1962; Fellow of the Center, 1965-1974; Senior Fellow, 1969-1974; Chairman, Board of Directors, 1970-1974; Chairman of Fellows, 1971-1974; Life Fellow, 1974-1977. Oberlin College, student, 1915-1917. Yale, A.B.,1921; A.M., 1922; LL.B., 1925. Yale Law School, Lecturer,1925-1927; Professor of Law, 1927-1929; Acting Dean, 1927-1928; Dean, 1928-1929. President, University of Chicago, 1929-1945; Chancellor, 1945-1951. Associate Director, Ford Foundation, 1951-1954. Board of Editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1946-1974; Director, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 1947-1974; Encyclopaedia Britannica Films, Inc., 1947-1974. Publications include: The Higher Learning in America (1936), No Friendly Voice (1936), Education for Freedom (1943), Great Books of the Western World (Editor in Chief, 1948-1957), St. Thomas and the World State (1949), Morals, Religion and Higher Education (1950), The Democratic Dilemma (1951), The Great Conversation: The Substance of a Liberal Education (Great Books of the Western World, v. 1, 1952), The Conflict in Education in a Democratic Society (1953), The University of Utopia (1953), Great Books, the Foundation of a Liberal Education (1954), Freedom, Education, and the Fund: Essays and Addresses, 1946-1956 (1956), Some Observations on American Education (1956), The Learning Society (1968), Zuckerlandl! (1968), and Contemporary Ideas in Historical Perspective (edited with Mortimer Adler, 1977).

RMH = Robert Maynard Hutchins.

From the guide to the Robert Maynard Hutchins Collection, ca. 1951-1991, (University of California, Santa Barbara. Library. Dept. of Special Collections)

Robert Maynard Hutchins, (1899-1977) was educated at Oberlin and Yale. A dynamic lecturer and administrator, Hutchins began his career as a professor and administrator at Yale Law School. Following the 1928 resignation of Max Mason, Hutchins was considered as part of a long list of candidates for President. His experience and qualifications were much debated, but Hutchins was finally elected in 1929, at the age of 30.

Almost immediately, Hutchins began making high-profile media appearances, and gained a national presence as a public intellectual and representative of academic ideals. His visionary and sometimes iconoclastic positions promoted the University as a site of vital, innovative intellectual activity.

Seeing his role as one of leadership and public relationship, Hutchins had his title changed to \"Chancellor\" in 1945. The title of \"President\" now referred to the university's administrative chief, a post filled by Ernest Cadman Colwell. The title of \"Chancellor\" was changed back to \"President\" in 1961, early in the administration of George W. Beadle.

Hutchins spearheaded dramatic and often controversial changes to the university's administrative structure. Graduate departments were reformed within divisions of biological sciences, physical sciences, humanities, and social sciences. A critic of undergraduate specialization and vocational study, Hutchins overhauled the bachelor's degree program to focus on liberal education, \"Great Books,\" and general studies. Undergraduate programs within academic departments were consolidated into the College, reporting to a single Dean. Causing the most public controversy was the elimination of varsity football, which Hutchins and his supporters saw as a distraction from the mission of the university.

Hutchins attracted loyal admirers who supported the University of Chicago through difficult and contentious times, including the Great Depression, World War II, and challenges to academic freedom. While many of his positions were controversial, and some of his reforms were overturned in later years, the ideals of the University of Chicago, as well as its public image, are largely the legacy of the Hutchins administration.

From the guide to the University of Chicago. Office of the President. Hutchins Administration. Records, 1892-1951, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

Walter Paul Paepcke was born on June 29, 1896, in Chicago, Illinois. He was the son of Hermann Paepcke, a Prussian immigrant, and Paula Wagner Paepcke. Walter attended the University School for Boys and the Boy's Latin School where he graduated in 1913. He received a degree in economics and history from Yale University in 1917 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. From 1918 to 1919, Walter served as an ensign in the United States Naval Reserve Forces. During this same time he also attended night classes at the Kent College of Law.

Walter's father Hermann was the president of the Chicago Mill and Lumber Company, which was described in 1909 as being the largest lumber and box company in the country. In the spring of 1919, after being honorably discharged from the U.S. Naval Reserve Forces, Walter came to work at his father's company as the assistant to the treasurer. He held this position until 1921 when upon his father's death he became president.

Through the influence of his parents, who were lovers of music and literature. Walter began a lifelong dedication to promoting and preserving the arts. Due in large part to his father, Walter began a relationship with the cultural community of the University of Chicago. It was in this cultural community that Walter became friends with Professor William A. Nitze, chairman of the Department of Romance Languages, and his family. In 1922, Walter married Professor Nitze's daughter, Elizabeth Nitze, and together Walter and Elizabeth began to make considerable contributions to the liberal arts.

In 1926 Walter assumed dual positions in both the Chicago Mill and Lumber Company and a new company he founded called the Container Corporation of America. This new company had begun as a side line business making paper containers during the economically lean period of World War I. Walter saw the potential of this new enterprise and merged it with businesses he had recently acquired, the Philadelphia Paper Manufacturing Company and the Midwest Box Company. By the late 1940s the Container Corporation of America (CCA) had become the largest domestic producer of paper containers.

Walter had an unusual vision for his new company. CCA set out to promote the service offered by its products not the product itself. It could be said that every household contained something made by CCA. Walter also felt that design was central to the success of his new enterprise. In the 1930s Walter Paepcke and CCA became innovators that brought the concept of modern design and business together. CCA launched an advertising campaign that established the company as the best known in the industry. It also helped to focus considerable light on the modern art and design world. By 1955 Walter was honored for his vision and named Industrial Advertiser of the Year.

Beyond his business interests, Walter and Elizabeth were patrons and promoters of the musical, literary, and artistic worlds. Walter Paepcke served as a trustee or as a member of the board of directors for the University of Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Orchestral Association, Cliff Dwellers Club, Great Books Foundation, and the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

One unique project Walter Paepcke undertook was a festival in honor of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. His friend, Robert Hutchins, chancellor of the University of Chicago, and Professor Guiseppe Borgese came to him in 1947 with the idea of honoring the German philosopher and poet on the 200th anniversary of his birth. Walter had read Goethe's writings since his youth and was very much in favor of helping to create a program to honor Goethe. A short time earlier on a trip to Colorado, Walter had seen the town of Aspen and its surrounding countryside. After searching unsuccessfully for a location near Chicago for the celebration, the group decided that the festival could be held in Aspen, Colorado. With considerable involvement on Walter's part, especially financially, the festival took place in June 1949. As a result of the work Walter did to help organize the Goethe Bicentennial Festival, he began purchasing property in and around Aspen for future development.

The development of Aspen, Colorado led to Walter Paepcke's most ambitious undertaking. Spurred by the success of the Goethe Festival, Walter established the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies in 1950. The Aspen Institute, a non-profit institute, was to be an intellectual and cultural center of continuing education. Part of its programs were geared towards giving executives the opportunity to understand their role in society and to develop goals and convictions for their lives.

It was said that Walter Paepcke sold big business on its responsibilities as a purveyor of culture. He devoted a lifetime to the patronage of the arts while building and leading a company that became the nation's largest producer of paperboard containers. Paepcke died in Chicago on April 13, 1960.

From the guide to the Paepcke, Walter P. Papers, 1912-1961, (Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A.)

Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899-1977) was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of William James Hutchins, a professor of theology who ultimately became President of Berea College (Kentucky). Hutchins enrolled at Oberlin (where his father taught) in 1915 but discontinued his undergraduate studies in 1917 to serve with the Ambulance Corps of the U. S. Army. For his conduct, he was decorated by the Italian government. He resumed his education at Yale in 1919, graduating in 1921.

He graduated from the Yale Law School in 1925 while also serving as Secretary of the University since 1923. He joined the faculty of the Law School in 1925, becoming a full professor in 1927. He became Acting Dean (1927) and then Dean of the Law School in 1928. While at Yale, he was instrumental in creating the Institute of Human Relations, an interdisciplinary center for the legal, medical, and sociological study of contemporary social problems.

Hutchins' youth made his appointment as President of the University of Chicago something of a surprise, but according to Harold Swift, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, the search committee was concerned to find an individual with the personality and the intellectual drive to fill the position. Hutchins' gregarious nature and his commitment to curriculum reform, evident at Yale, seemed to make him an ideal candidate to provide the kind of leadership and vision that the University had not had since William Rainey Harper.

The initial years of Hutchins' administration were dramatic ones. He accepted and implemented plans for a general reorganization of the University that had been in the works since the administration of Ernest D. Burton (1923-25). These reforms were intended to simplify the administrative structure of the University, to promote interdisciplinary work among the faculty, and to redefine the undergraduate curriculum. The so-called \"New Plan\" or \"Chicago Plan\" created four graduate divisions-Humanities, Social Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Biological Sciences – and established a consolidated College as a separate division of the University. Hutchins' major interest, however, was in the nature and goals of undergraduate education in general and the College in particular. Curricular reforms, with which his name has become more or less synonymous, emphasized the role of the College in providing general education grounded in philosophy and philosophical analysis. Impatient with the increasingly fine division of academic labor and the intensification of research specialization, Hutchins became an outspoken advocate of the value of general education. He lectured tirelessly on the meaning of college and seemed to relish his self-assumed role as a leading American educator.

Hutchins' candor and glibness, his self-confidence and (to some) his dogmatism were mixed blessings. The Walgreen investigations (1935) into possible subversive activities on the part of certain faculty at the University put Hutchins in the public eye as an eloquent defender of academic freedom against the claims of naive xenophobes. On the other hand, his style and opinions antagonized parts of the faculty who came to resent what they interpreted as arrogance and a sort of \"party line\" within the University. Their fears of Hutchins' power and their perception of the declining role of faculty governance at the University, stood behind the Senate Memorial (1944) to the Board of Trustees. Protesting some of Hutchins' assertions about the role of the University in contemporary society, the Memorial coincided with widespread administrative reforms designed at least in part to more clearly define the respective roles of the President and the University Senate in the making of educational policy.

As a public figure, Hutchins championed a variety of issues and causes. Although he opposed America's entry into World War II, he cooperated with the government in the establishment of the Metallurgical Laboratory (1942) on campus as part of the Manhattan Project. Following the war, Hutchins was in the forefront of groups seeking to control the destructive potential of nuclear energy and to evaluate the broader implications of scientific research. He was sympathetic to the idea of a single world order (which he could trace to Thomas Aquinas) and in 1945 established, at the request of G. A. Borgese and Richard McKeon, the Committee to Frame a World Constitution. One year earlier he had been appointed chairman of the Commission on the Freedom of the Press. Funded by grants from Time, Inc. and the Encyclopedia Britanica (of which Hutchins had been a director since 1943), the Commission inquired into the nature, function, duties, and responsibilities of the press in America. It was particularly sensitive to the constraints on a free press in the contemporary world.

Controversial and opinionated, Hutchins served as President (and then as Chancellor) of the University longer than any other individual. He retired in 1951 to assume the Directorship of the Ford Foundation.

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Silas Douglass Cater (1923-1995) was a Washington editor for Reporter magazine from 1950 to 1963, and national affairs editor from 1963 to 1964. He was Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Army in 1951, and Special Assistant to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1964 to 1968. Cater also served as a professor at several universities in the 1960s and 1970s.

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A nonprofit educational and research corporation of 40 southern universities and colleges through which these institutions participate in and support the nation's nuclear energy program.

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Perry graduated from Harvard in 1897 and taught philosophy at Harvard.

From the description of Papers of Ralph Barton Perry, 1891-1957 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 76973152

Perry received his A.M. in 1897 and his Ph.D in 1899 from Harvard, and taught philosophy at Harvard.

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John Marsden Ehle Jr., author of novels and works of non-fiction, was born in Asheville, N.C., and has lived most of his adult life in Winston-Salem. He served as special assistant to North Carolina Governor Terry Sanford, 1963-1964, and has been instrumental in establishing and furthering many significant educational, desegregation, and anti-poverty projects. He is married to British actress Rosemary Harris.

From the description of John Ehle papers, 1942-1993. 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The Medical Alumni Society of The Ohio State University College of Medicine, since 1931 with the exception of 1939, has given the honor of \"Man of the Year\" to a doctor(s) during their annual reunions. In 1973 the award name changed from the title \"Man of the Year\" to \"Professor of the Year.\" And in 1975, Margaret (Peg) Hines was the first woman to be so honored.

From the guide to the Man/Professor of the Year Photograph Collection, 1934-1993, (Medical Heritage Center)

The Ohio State University Medical Center Service Board was founded in 1985. The Service Board's purpose is to provide support for the patient care, teaching, and research mission of The Ohio State University Medical Center. This is accomplished through fun-raising projects, public relations, and volunteer service for University Hospitals, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The OSU Hospital East, OSU & Harding Behavioral Healthcare & Medicine, and the College of Medicine. Members work cooperatively with the Volunteer Services Departments. In keeping with the tradition of the University, members benefit from educational symposia and programs on current health and social issues, all a part of The Ohio State University Medical Center's quest for excellence.

Service Board Presidents Jan Mekhjian, 1985-86 JoAnn Davis, 1986-87 Bette Dare, 1987-88 Kay Bradford, 1988-89 Patty Bennett, 1989-90 Amelia Nasrallah, 1990-91 Sandra Sherrill, 1991-92 Ruth Mount, 1992-93 Suzanne Marlin, 1993-94 Jane Kaiser, 1994-95 Christine Olsen, 1995-96 Ruth Paulson, 1996-97 Maddie Hebert, 1997-98 Virginia Gauthier, 1998-99 Mary Jo Cosio, 1999-00 Mim Brierly, 2000-01 Ramona Whisler, 2001-02 Carole Schuller, 2002-03 Linda Lucas, 2003-04 Maggie Cunningham, 2004-05 Bettie Keating, 2005-06 Peggy Hull, 2006-07 Zrelder Smith, 2007-08 Zrelder Smith, 2008-09 Joyce St. Pierre, 2009-10

From the guide to the The Ohio State University Medical Center Service Board Collection, 1980-2006, (Medical Heritage Center)

Lionel Topaz was born in Russia May 15, 1875. He moved to England in 1897 and came to America 1903. He married in Boston in 1904 and had three children, Mae, Oscar, and Martin. Topaz established \"The Optometric Weekly\" in 1910 and founded The Professional Press, Inc. in 1919. He was the publisher of numerous books in the field of visual optics and a close friend of Charles Sheard, author, researcher and educator for whom Ohio State's Sheard Foundation for Research in Vision is named. Topaz died in Chicago, Illinois on July 23, 1942.

The Lionel Topaz Memorial Library of Visual Science was dedicated October 31, 1955. The library was located in the Optometry Building on W. Tenth Ave., behind Hamilton Hall. The building was partly financed through a development fund started by Lionel's children, who sought to erect a memorial to their father. The fund also received contributions by the optometrists of the state and nation on a campaign which raised $106,000 toward the library's cost.

In 1987, due to cost increases and difficulty in maintaining a current optometry collection, the Lionel Topaz Memorial Library of Visual Science merged with the Health Sciences Library. Although several reference books were left in Fry Hall at the request of faculty to maintain a reading room collection, approximately 4,000 volumes were moved to the Health Sciences Library. This collection of unique optometry books was added to the Coleman Alcove, the rare book collection of the Health Sciences Library housed in the Medical Heritage Center. Donated by Dr. Richard Hall and Dr. Charles Sheard, these materials were given to the Optometry Department to exemplify the developments in the field of optometry.

At the time of its closing, the Topaz Library was the oldest departmental library at Ohio State and the largest, most complete optometry library in the world.

From the guide to the Lionel Topaz Memorial Library of Visual Science Collection, 1933-1989, (Medical Heritage Center)

The Division of Cardiovascular Medicine at The Ohio State University Medical Center is a collaborative center for patient care, teaching and research.

The Ohio State University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine is a national and local leader in heart research, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The Ohio State University has pioneered the development of many cardiovascular procedures used today including in the 1960s Among the first in the nation to perform cardiac catheterization; 1970 First coronary artery bypass surgery at OSU; 1970s Dobutamine trials for heart failure patients; 1981 Coronary angioplasty introduced; 1986 First OSU heart transplant; 1992 OSU cardiologists were among the first in central Ohio to perform radiofrequency catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias; 1999 First robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery in U.S.; 2000 First cardiovascular MR in central Ohio; 2001 First CT angiography in central Ohio; 2003 OSU Medical Center's Charles Love, MD, implants the nation's first fully digital pacemaker; 2005 The nation's first permanent device (the HeartPod) for monitoring and treating congestive heart failure was implanted using a minimally invasive cardiac catheterization procedure; and, 2007 Vascular Medicine Program debuts as part of the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.

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Born on January 10, 1910 in Lyon, the French conductor and composer, Jean Martinon entered the Lyon and Paris conservatoires to study the violin. At Lyon, his teacher was Maurice Foundray and at the Paris Conservatory, he studied violin technique with Jules Boucherit. While at the Paris conservatory, Martinon took composition with Albert Roussel and Vincent d'Indy. After completing the composition courses, he studied conducting with Charles Munch and Désormière. He graduated from the Paris Conservatory in 1928, winning a premier prix.

Martinon's familiarity with conducting started in France, followed by various appointments in Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. In 1946, he embarked on a conducting career directing the Concerts du Conservatoire in Paris and the Bordeaux Symphony. The successful debut with the LPO led to his appointment as associate conductor of the orchestra in 1947. From 1947-1950 Martinon directed the Radio Eireann orchestra, Dublin and in 1951, he returned to Paris to conduct the Concerts Lamoureux until 1957. From 1957-1959, Martinon conducted the Israel Philharmonic. His appointment as the next conductor of the Düsseldorf Symphony occurred in 1959. Martinon was in Düsseldorf until 1963 when the Chicago Symphony Orchestra selected him as their music director, a position he held until 1968. During that same year, he returned to France to direct the French National Radio Orchestra and served as the principal conductor of the Hague Residentie–Orkest from 1974 until shortly before his death in 1976.

Martinon's extensive experience as a composer led to his approach to conducting. The Symphoniette pour orchestre á cordes, piano, harpe et timbales, op. 16, from 1935, is one of three first attempts at composition. After enlisting in the war, Martinon's imprisonment in a German camp, Stalag IX A, resulted in several new compositions, Psaume 136, le Chant des Captifs, Musique d'Exil, Sonatina No.3, Sonatina No. 4 for wind instruments, and various choral works. In 1946, the city of Paris awarded a prize to his composition le Chant des Captifs. After the war, other notable compositions include Symphonie no. 3 (Irlandaise), the Concerto no. 2 pour violin et orchestre, op. 5, dedicated to Szeryng, and the Concerto pour cello et orchestre, op. 52, composed for Pierre Fournier. For the stage Martinon composed two works, the ballet Ambohimanga ou la Cité Bleue and in 1949 the opera Hécube with a libretto by Serge Moreux. Symphony no.4 Altitudes was the outcome of a commission from the Chicago Symphony to commemorate its 75th anniversary.

Martinon had recently taken on a position at the Paris Conservatory to teach conducting when he died from a serious illness on March 1, 1976.

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Administrative History

In 1982 Jane Muramoto produced for public broadcasting television station KQED in San Francisco, a half-hour documentary film of Kenneth Patchen's California years.

Kenneth Patchen: Hurrah for Anything, conveys the personal and human side of Patchen's creativity as told by Miriam Patchen, poet Al Young, small press printer Jonathan Clark, poet and playwright James Schevill, and UCSC Special Collections librarian, Rita Bottoms. The documentary also draws upon existing recordings of Kenneth Patchen reading with jazz ensembles and a 1959 Pacifica network radio interview.

Film is a production of KQED's Events and Presentations Unit. Producers/Directions: Jane Muramoto and Allen Willis. Executive Producers; Jim Scalem and Nat Katzman.

From the guide to the \"Kenneth Patchen: Hurrah for Anything\" film production records, 1982, (University of California, Santa Cruz. University Library. 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Harry Golden was journalist and publisher, best known for his quotable editorials in the Carolina Israelite. Born in New York as Harry Goldhurst, he attended City College and worked as a reporter before taking a job with the Charlotte Observer. Staying in North Carolina, he founded the Carolina Israelite, writing every word of the bimonthly paper, and gaining an international readership for his views on civil rights, racism, and other topics of the day. His humorous approach to social issues won him a wide readership, and helped him to operate a pro-civil rights publication in the American South. When a 1928 conviction for mail fraud surfaced in 1958, he was defended by Adlai Stevenson and Carl Sandburg, and eventually pardoned by President Richard Nixon.

From the description of Harry Golden postal card to Paula, 1958 September 9. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 232360848

Harry Golden was born in eastern Europe early in 1902. While he was still a small child, his family moved first to Canada, and later to New York. By the time of his adulthood, he learned to deal with investments on the New York Stock Exchange. Later, he moved to Charlotte, N.C., and began a career in journalism, writing, publishing. Many of his published works concerned the civil rights movement and social norms in America in the 1960s. Many of his books were best-sellers. Golden died in 1981.

From the description of Harry Golden theatre programs, 1923-1975 1923-1975. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 518374772

American writer.

From the description of Correspondence 1960. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 50267182

Journalist Harry Golden, Jr., began working for the Chicago Sun-Times in 1966 and became City Hall correspondent for the newspaper in 1967.

From the description of Harry Golden, Jr., papers, 1967-1987. (Chicago History Museum). WorldCat record id: 717282927

Harry Lewis Golden was born Herschel Goldhirsch on May 6, 1902 in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1905 the Goldhirsch family emigrated to Lower East Side of New York City. Golden graduated from P.S. 20 elementary school in 1917 and from East Side Evening High School around 1920. Between 1921 and 1929, he worked various jobs in New York and became a stockbroker. In 1929, Golden's brokerage firm declared bankruptcy and he was convicted for mail fraud and sentenced to five years in the Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta. Following his parole in 1933, Golden wrote and sold advertising for The New York Daily Mirror and The New York Post.

From 1941 to 1944, Golden worked for the Charlotte Labor Journal and The Charlotte Observer. In 1942, he commissioned The Charlotte News to print the first issue of the Carolina Israelite, which had an initial circulation of 800. Golden first met Carl Sandburg in 1948. In 1950, Golden wrote and published his first book, Jews in American History, with Martin Rywell. During the period 1956-57, Golden began popularizing his civil rights convictions through his articles in the Israelite on \"vertical integration.\"

An accidental fire destroyed his offices in 1958, the year in which he released his first best-seller, Only in America, and his mail fraud conviction and prison sentence were revealed in The New York Herald Tribune. President Richard M. Nixon pardoned him in 1974. Golden died in Charlotte on October 2, 1981.

From the description of Papers, Part one, 1898-1970. (Unknown). 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Over this time the station was managed by Damian Little, a student at WVWC who made C92 sound very commercial, with produced bumpers, IDs and jingles. The live internet stream was added in 1999. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wvwc-radio-station-buckhannon-w-va.jpg", "ownedBy": [ "West Virginia Wesleyan College" ], "website": [ "http://www.wvwc.edu/c92/" ], "placeNames": [ "Buckhannon", "West Virginia" ], "airtableId": "recZWRfuRXRsORtQN" }, "airtableId": "recij35zOnbLekbSp" }, { "id": "smith-marshall-p", "name": "Smith, Marshall P.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recij8A9tHKrELEQM" }, { "id": "the-asia-foundation", "name": "The Asia Foundation", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recijH6HrSufLKD0P" }, { "id": "cauzey-mozelle", "name": "Cauzey, Mozelle", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recijo8QuJAJxHcQG" }, { "id": "rice-stevens", "name": "Rice, Stevens", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciju4PuwoTG7asl" }, { "id": "cowing-u-cleal", "name": "Cowing, U. Cleal", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recijy2k0LefhnyOu" }, { "id": "wqln-television-station-erie-penn", "name": "WQLN (Television station : Erie, Penn.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7954705", "name": "WQLN", "wikidataLabelDescription": "PBS member station in Erie, Pennsylvania, United States", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WQLN_(TV)", "inceptionDate": "1967-01-01T00:00:00Z", "altNames": [ "WQLN (Television station : Erie, Pa.)" ], "website": [ "http://www.wqln.org/" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/158548188" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hn0xnq" ], "airtableId": "rec847tsDnS4L2JBt" }, "snac": { "snacId": "36357639", "altNames": [ "WQLN (Television station : Erie, Pa.)" ], "airtableId": "recgnw4wq2EVz0xQ9" }, "airtableId": "recikfyELH5rIMR38" }, { "id": "harrison-burt", "name": "Harrison, Burt", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q105325011", "name": "Burton D. 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Professor and broadcasting executive.

Station manger, KWSU, Pullman, Washington; Board member, National Association of Educational Broadcasters; Board member, National Educational Radio; Board member, Association of Public Radio Stations.

From the description of Burt Harrison papers, 1977-1982. (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 33348969", "altNames": [ "Harrison, Burt." ], "subjects": [ "Public radio--History" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "rec7sNTD4nRCxOJ1q" }, "airtableId": "reciljb8Ingu29J2H" }, { "id": "proffitt-roy-f", "name": "Proffitt, Roy F.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recinKGRGqo2KGO50" }, { "id": "newcomb-theodore-m", "name": "Newcomb, Theodore M.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recinnRkWx1K4BKrq" }, { "id": "goggin-richard-j", "name": "Goggin, Richard J.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recio6UlPbFnzCqVu" }, { "id": "borders-william-holmes-1905-1993", "name": "Borders, William Holmes, 1905-1993", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q8012448", "name": "William Holmes Borders", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American activist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holmes_Borders", "birthDate": "1905-01-01T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1993-11-23T00:00:00Z", "description": "Rev. William Holmes Borders, Sr (2/24/1905 –11/23/1993) was a civil rights activist and leader and pastor of Wheat Street Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia from 1937 to 1988. Borders' influence in the black community was the trigger for a local radio station to offer him a weekly program in 1940. Listeners of both races tuned in to hear information about segregation, disfranchisement, patriotism (this was during World War II), and black migration to the north. The program became the second-highest-rated broadcast in Atlanta. ", "occupation": [ "cleric" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84042259" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/62941033" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84042259" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tb1v0f" ], "airtableId": "rec3UXSLsihkqXCVx" }, "snac": { "snacId": "11289950", "birthDate": "2/24/1905", "deathDate": "11/23/1993", "altNames": [ "Borders, William Holmes, 1905-1993" ], "airtableId": "recIltiPYn2N0QgCI" }, "airtableId": "recioLv3564AoDFEH" }, { "id": "morley-christopher-1890-1957", "name": "Morley, Christopher, 1890-1957", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recipS2k0lmlyPrxq" }, { "id": "rhythm-aces-musical-group", "name": "Rhythm Aces (Musical group)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q2409423", "name": "Amazing Rhythm Aces", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amazing_Rhythm_Aces", "altNames": [ "Amazing rhythm aces" ], "website": [ "http://www.theacesforreal.com" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n96017154" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/138509497" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n96017154" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6qh3wcb" ], "airtableId": "recsHFkLOecnBfFVy" }, "snac": { "snacId": "20737575", "altNames": [ "Amazing rhythm aces" ], "airtableId": "rec7dJ8ZsycN9rhwP" }, "airtableId": "recipW43Zswy6jS5u" }, { "id": "beckwith-judd", "name": "Beckwith, Judd", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciqrKWDFkbORWwE" }, { "id": "maddi-salvatore-r", "name": "Maddi, Salvatore R.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciquROiJ1Hh5sWe" }, { "id": "holland-spessard-l", "name": "Holland, Spessard L.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recir3wI2cEThcBa9" }, { "id": "owen-tom", "name": "Owen, Tom", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recirFKnnVF3W2d4t" }, { "id": "grubb-ted", "name": "Grubb, Ted", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recisjx5lpeChuAfY" }, { "id": "wsus-radio-station-stevens-point-wis", "name": "WSUS (Radio station : Stevens Point, Wis.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recit98Euvv4eApe6" }, { "id": "halvorson-w-ferron", "name": "Halvorson, W. Ferron", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recitvgYI2EsaAR3o" }, { "id": "joint-committee-on-educational-television", "name": "Joint Committee on Educational Television", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107621629", "name": "Joint Committee on Educational Television", "wikidataLabelDescription": "committee concerning educational television", "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n92087864" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/159589599" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xt1khm" ], "airtableId": "rec7WMg6XrVJ8p49Q" }, "snac": { "snacId": "18497085", "description": "

The Joint Committee on Educational Television, or JCET, was formed around 1950 to represent education's interest in television. It was made up of several organizations at the intersection of education and broadcasting, including the American Association of School Administrators, the American Council on Education, the Association for Education by Radio-Television, the Association of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, the National Association of State Universities, the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, the National Council of Chief State School Officers, and the National Education Association of the United States. During its existence, the JCET submitted comments and testimony before congress and the Federal Communications Commission, as well as published numerous reports concerning educational television. Its reports were primarily designed to serve as status updates on the state of educational television as well as reference documents, such the 1954 reports \"Programs Presented by Educational and Cultural Institutions on Commercial Television Stations Including Courses for Credit\" and \"Two Years of Progress in Educational Television\".

\n From the combined records of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), held by the University of Maryland and the Wisconsin Historical Society, and compiled as part of the Unlocking the Airwaves project (unlockingtheairwaves.org).", "altNames": [ "Joint Committee on Educational Television (U.S.)", "JCET" ], "subjects": [ "Public broadcasting", "Public broadcasting--United States", "Radio", "Educational broadcasting", "Public broadcasting--History--Sources", "Educational broadcasting--History", "Educational broadcasting--United States--History--Sources", "Public radio", "Public radio--History", "Radio broadcasting--20th century" ], "placeNames": [ "Washington (D.C.)" ], "associatedWith": [ "American association of school administrators", "American council on education", "Association of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities", "National Association of Educational Broadcasters", "National Association of State Universities", "National Congress of Parents and Teachers", "National education association of the United States", "United States. Federal Communications Commission.", "Harley, William G., 1911-1998", "Probst, George E.", "Steetle, Ralph W., 1912-" ], "sameAs": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107621629" ], "airtableId": "recqfgJx3NDqJvpXl" }, "airtableId": "reciu5TLYO1IJtH6I" }, { "id": "the-washington-post", "name": "The Washington Post", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "reciuU8O2OHcDK04T" }, { "id": "fly-james-lawrence", "name": "Fly, James Lawrence", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciuryXuUWjQY431" }, { "id": "stegath-william-b", "name": "Stegath, William B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recivYjv6kLEknRn4" }, { "id": "petit-claude", "name": "Petit, Claude", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recivgzzqnFKuJckN" }, { "id": "kerte_sz-istva_n-1929-1973", "name": "Kerte_sz, Istva_n, 1929-1973", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciwWKr43ZwW4z1z" }, { "id": "satterfield-david-e-iii", "name": "Satterfield, David E., III", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciwmkkkwA6QqoLV" }, { "id": "crist-raymond-e", "name": "Crist, Raymond E.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recixVzmgHzhvEED2" }, { "id": "kogan-herman", "name": "Kogan, Herman", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recixktgkEG3dypgY" }, { "id": "cooper-dennis", "name": "Cooper, Dennis", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciyIpt4avQOyeKZ" }, { "id": "nader-ralph", "name": "Nader, Ralph", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reciywKBBZJqsN5x2" }, { "id": "kbyu-radio-station-provo-utah", "name": "KBYU (Radio station : Provo, Utah)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6326441", "name": "KBYU-FM", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Classical music radio station in Salt Lake City", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBYU-FM", "inceptionDate": "December 31, 1945", "description": "KBYU-FM is a classical music radio station run by Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. Operating at 89.1 MHz, it is known on-air as Classical 89. It is a production of BYU Radio. It transmits at an effective radiated power of 32 kW. Its transmitting tower is located on a peak of the Oquirrh Mountains northwest of the university campus, and southwest of Salt Lake City. The station previously broadcast at a frequency of 88.9 MHz (during which time its nickname was Classical 88). The frequency was shifted in 1988 by directive of the FCC, to alleviate interference for nearby frequencies used for aerial navigation, and to allow for a new full-power station to be built on 99.5 in the Salt Lake market. Classical 89 also has the following translators: 89.5 FM K208BZ Spanish Fork, 106.9 FM K295BW Nephi, 96.1 FM K241BV Milford, 100.3 FM K262BM Cedar City, 100.7 FM K264BM Ivins. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/kbyu-radio-station-provo-utah.png", "ownedBy": [ "Brigham Young University" ], "website": [ "http://www.classical89.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr00037966", "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr00037967" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/149358733" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr00037967" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6r83k5t" ], "placeNames": [ "Provo", "Utah" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "arts", "title": "Arts" } ], "airtableId": "recZzKm4iQZ8IUlZu" }, "snac": { "snacId": "9629385", "description": "

KBYU is the official radio station of Brigham Young University. The \"Speaking of Music\" series was a collection of programs with interviews and music, recorded by the KPFA radio station.

From the description of \"Speaking of Music\" program tapes, 1983-1989. (Brigham Young University). WorldCat record id: 137730930

The KBYU radio station began broadcasting to parts of the Brigham Young University campus in 1946. In 1960 KBYU began broadcasting on an FM frequency, and its name was changed to KBGR.

The KBYU Radio station began broadcasting in 1946. It was the first collegiate radio station of this kind west of the Mississippi. Originally KBYU broadcast to the Allen Hall, Amanda Knight Hall, and Knight-Mangum Hall. In 1948 KBYU began to broadcast city wide, but in 1951 the broadcasts were again limited to campus. KBYU was off the air during the 1952-1953 school year due to technical problems. In 1960 KBYU began broadcasting on an FM frequency, and its name was changed to KBGR. While there were full time directors that oversaw the station, it was mostly run by students in the Radio Club. Faculty station managers of KBYU have included: T. Earl Pardoe (1946-1951), Owen Rich (1951-1952), James (Jim) Ludlow (1952-1953). Starting in 1953 at the return of Owen Rich the station began running under co-mangagers; those included Owen Rich and James (Jim) Ludlow (1953-1955), Owen Rich and Lynn McKinlay (1955-1960).

Broadcast Services (1960-2003) was a division of Brigham Young University's College of Fine Arts and Communications. This oversaw the broadcasting of KBYU, a radio station located on BYU campus since 1965. In 2003, the name of this unit was changed to BYU Broadcasting.

Broadcast Services was a division of Brigham Young University's College of Fine Arts and Communications. Broadcast Services provided four main services for the public: BYU television and radio stations, as well as KBYU-TV and KBYU-FM radio. BYU began broadcasting KBYU programs from campus in 1965 and continually strove to provide programs that would portray the values held by Brigham Young University. KBYU-FM was formally known as KBRG (1960) and KBYU (1946-1960). Broadcast services was renamed BYU Broadcasting in 2003.

The KBRG was the first FM radio station at Brigham Young University. It began broadcasting in 1960.

The KBRG was Brigham Young University's first FM station. The FCC approved BYU to start broadcasting under KBRG on May 9, 1960, as the letters KBYU were assigned to a Liberty Ship from World War II. In November 9, 1960, BYU began to broadcast as KBYU-FM. Owen Rich (1960-1960) served as the only director of KBRG.

The KBYU-FM is a radio station in Provo, Utah. It was previously known as KBRG, and was renamed in 1960.

KBYU-FM began broadcasting in 1960, and was previously known as KBRG. Managers for KBYU-FM have included: Owen Rich (1960), Lynn A. McKinlay (1960-1963), Gene Henderson (1963-1966), Leland H. Stott, Jr. (1970-1973), Jay Sheldon Monson (1973- 1979), Walter B. Rudolph (1979- ).

From the guide to the KBYU-FM audiotapes and other material, 1934-1983, (L. Tom Perry Special Collections)", "altNames": [ "KBYU (Radio station : Provo, Utah)" ], "subjects": [ "Colleges and Universities", "Radio broadcasting--Utah--Provo", "Arts" ], "airtableId": "recUGlT7F3smU2bau" }, "airtableId": "recj0IMkHoANwZaOt" }, { "id": "martin-andrew-b", "name": "Martin, Andrew B.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj0ybjhV3pBKyBQ" }, { "id": "moeller-leslie-g", "name": "Moeller, Leslie G.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj1EZCvb6ur2qPP" }, { "id": "schroeder-spence", "name": "Schroeder, Spence", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj1JVEYJpeJ5uXp" }, { "id": "gordon-ml", "name": "Gordon, M.L.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj1ikaue93YYAS1" }, { "id": "macy-john-w-jr", "name": "Macy, John W., Jr.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj25eTJscWR2exd" }, { "id": "deutschman-ward", "name": "Deutschman, Ward", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj39bt2JZmz1N31" }, { "id": "cortese-louis", "name": "Cortese, Louis", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recj4ENwkO5UK81Wa" }, { "id": "kwgs-radio-station-tulsa-okla", "name": "KWGS (Radio station : Tulsa, Okla.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q14708544", "name": "KWGS", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Public radio station in Tulsa, Oklahoma", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWGS", "description": "KWGS 89.5 FM is the flagship National Public Radio station in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The station was Oklahoma's first FM radio station and is one of two stations operated by the University of Tulsa. The station was established in 1947 through the initiative of TU speech professor Ben Graf Henneke, later president of the university. The call letters are the initials of Tulsa oil man and philanthropist William G. Skelly, who provided the funding. TU's other radio station is a classical music station, KWTU. 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Tyler", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio executive", "birthDate": "1895", "description": "Tracy Ferris Tyler, B.A., Doane College (Crete, NE) (1916); M.A., University of Nebraska (1923); Ph.D., Columbia University Teachers College (1933). Professor of education at the University of Minnesota and served as coordinator of the University's Foreign Operations Administration with Seoul National University. Pioneer in the field of radio and television education. From the description of Tracy F. Tyler papers, 1933-1964. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). WorldCat record id: 617536263Tracy Tyler was born on January 16, 1895 in Washington, D.C. He earned his B.A. degree in 1916 from Doane College (Crete, NE), his M.A. in 1923 from the University of Nebraska, and his Ph.D. in 1933 from Columbia University's Teachers College. From 1916-1930, Tyler was a teacher and superintendent of secondary education in Nebraska. He joined the faculty at the University of Minnesota in 1938 as a lecturer in the college of education. He was promoted to assistant professor in 1939, associate professor in 1949 and professor in 1954. He also served as assistant to the dean of the summer school, and assistant to the vice president for academic administration (1961-1963). During World War II, Tyler was appointed as coordinator for the University's defense committee, which planned and oversaw the University's war projects. Tyler was appointed as coordinator of was appointed to the post of coordinator of the University's Foreign Operations Administration with Seoul National University of Korea (Sŏul Taehakkyo) in 1954. He served in this capacity until the project ended in 1962. He retired from the University of Minnesota in 1963. Tyler was considered a pioneer in the field of radio and television education. He began teaching radio and television courses at the University in 1938. He served as the secretary and research director of the National Committee on Education by Radio (1931-1936), was editor of the Journal of the Association for Education by Radio-Television, and served on the executive committee of the Educational Press Association of America. From the guide to the Tracy F. Tyler papers, 1933-1964, (University of Minnesota Libraries. University of Minnesota Archives [uarc])", "altNames": [ "Tyler, Tracy Ferris, 1895-", "Tyler, Tracy Ferris, b. 1895", "Tyler, Tracy Ferris" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001076852" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/56986413" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2001076852" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6bs6328" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "television-in-education", "title": "Television in education" } ], "airtableId": "reccm6xhoTB8Dpwe1" }, "snac": { "snacId": "24818163", "description": "

Tracy Ferris Tyler, B.A., Doane College (Crete, NE) (1916); M.A., University of Nebraska (1923); Ph.D., Columbia University Teachers College (1933). Professor of education at the University of Minnesota and served as coordinator of the University's Foreign Operations Administration with Seoul National University. Pioneer in the field of radio and television education.

From the description of Tracy F. Tyler papers, 1933-1964. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). WorldCat record id: 617536263

Tracy Ferris Tyler, B.A., Doane College (Crete, NE) (1916); M.A., University of Nebraska (1923); Ph.D., Columbia University Teachers College (1933). Professor of education at the University of Minnesota and served as coordinator of the University's Foreign Operations Administration with Seoul National University. Pioneer in the field of radio and television education.

Tracy Tyler was born on January 16, 1895 in Washington, D.C. He earned his B.A. degree in 1916 from Doane College (Crete, NE), his M.A. in 1923 from the University of Nebraska, and his Ph.D. in 1933 from Columbia University's Teachers College. From 1916-1930, Tyler was a teacher and superintendent of secondary education in Nebraska. He joined the faculty at the University of Minnesota in 1938 as a lecturer in the college of education. He was promoted to assistant professor in 1939, associate professor in 1949 and professor in 1954. He also served as assistant to the dean of the summer school, and assistant to the vice president for academic administration (1961-1963). During World War II, Tyler was appointed as coordinator for the University's defense committee, which planned and oversaw the University's war projects.

Tyler was appointed as coordinator of was appointed to the post of coordinator of the University's Foreign Operations Administration with Seoul National University of Korea (Sŏul Taehakkyo) in 1954. He served in this capacity until the project ended in 1962. He retired from the University of Minnesota in 1963.

Tyler was considered a pioneer in the field of radio and television education. He began teaching radio and television courses at the University in 1938. He served as the secretary and research director of the National Committee on Education by Radio (1931-1936), was editor of the Journal of the Association for Education by Radio-Television, and served on the executive committee of the Educational Press Association of America.

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The Radio Corporation of America was incorporated in Delaware on October 17, 1919, and changed its name to RCA Corporation on May 9, 1969. For over fifty years it was one of the country's leading manufacturers and vendors of radios, phonographs, televisions, and a wide array of consumer and military electronics products. Through subsidiaries, it operated the country's first radiotelegraph, radiotelephone and radio facsimile systems, as well as its pioneer radio and television networks. The company will always be identified with David Sarnoff (1891-1971), who began working for a predecessor company as an office boy in 1906, became vice president in 1922, president in 1930, and served as chairman from 1947 to1970. Sarnoff was one of the first to grasp the full potential of radio and television and imparted to the company its reputation for research and innovation.

David Sarnoff's son Robert succeeded to the presidency in 1966 and was named CEO in 1968. The younger Sarnoff began a program of conglomerate diversification, acquiring publisher Random House, Inc., and the Hertz Corporation rental car business in 1966. In a makeover designed to erase its historic connection with radio, the Radio Corporation of America became RCA Corporation on May 9, 1969. Robert Sarnoff also began an ill-fated push to make RCA the number two computer manufacturer, but after only a year, RCA sold its entire computer business to Sperry Univac in 1971-73.

Robert Sarnoff was ousted in 1975. The company continued to lose market share in consumer electronics to Japanese competition. Subsequent managers pursued a program of divestiture and downsizing that reduced the company to a core of telecommunications, electronic components, aerospace and military electronics and the NBC radio and television networks.

RCA Corporation was merged into the General Electric Company on June 9, 1986.

From the description of Records, 1887-1983 (bulk, 1914-1968). (Hagley Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122641045

The Radio Corporation of America was incorporated in Delaware on October 17, 1919, and changed its name to RCA Corporation on May 9, 1969. For over fifty years it was one of the country's leading manufacturers and vendors of radios, phonographs, televisions, and a wide array of consumer and military electronics products. Through subsidiaries, it operated the country's first radiotelegraph, radiotelephone and radio facsimile systems, as well as its pioneer radio and television networks. The company will always be identified with David Sarnoff (1891-1971), who began working for a predecessor company as an office boy in 1906, became vice president in 1922, president in 1930, and served as chairman from 1947 to1970. Sarnoff was one of the first to grasp the full potential of radio and television and imparted to the company its reputation for research and innovation.

David Sarnoff's son Robert succeeded to the presidency in 1966 and was named CEO in 1968. The younger Sarnoff began a program of conglomerate diversification, acquiring publisher Random House, Inc., and the Hertz Corporation rental car business in 1966. In a makeover designed to erase its historic connection with radio, the Radio Corporation of America became RCA Corporation on May 9, 1969. Robert Sarnoff also began an ill-fated push to make RCA the number two computer manufacturer, but after only a year, RCA sold its entire computer business to Sperry Univac in 1971-73.

Robert Sarnoff was ousted in 1975. The company continued to lose market share in consumer electronics to Japanese competition. Subsequent managers pursued a program of divestiture and downsizing that reduced the company to a core of telecommunications, electronic components, aerospace and military electronics and the NBC radio and television networks.

RCA Corporation was merged into the General Electric Company on June 9, 1986.

From the description of Records, 1914-1968. (Hagley Museum & Library). 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On March 22, 1948, Iowa State College (University) sponsored a 90th anniversary celebration in honor of the founding of the college, which occurred on the same date in 1858 when the charter act establishing a state agricultural college became law. The celebration included a symposium, luncheon, departmental open houses, and a dinner.

From the description of 90th anniversary collection, 1947-1948. (Iowa State University). WorldCat record id: 54799482

In 1958, Iowa State College celebrated the centennial of its founding on March 22, 1858. President James H. Hilton appointed a committee to oversee events, including the production of publications, films, and books, and campus celebrations. The celebrations include a Founder's Day celebration, the centennial VEISHEA (the student-run spring festival) and the centennial commencement.

From the description of Centennial celebration collection, 1955-1959. (Iowa State University). WorldCat record id: 54799304

Lampe was the Administrative Director of the School of Religion at the university.

From the description of Correspondence to Franz Werfel, 1945. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155864534

Iowa State University, founded on March 22, 1858, marked the sesquicentennial anniversary (150th year) of its founding with a year-long, university-wide celebration. Starting with kick-off events held during VEISHEA 2007, the celebration continued throughout the following twelve months, culminating with concluding ceremonies held during VEISHEA 2008.

The closing ceremonies of the sesquicentennial celebration took place on a chilly, snow-covered Saturday during VEISHEA 2008. The ceremonies included a tribute to Iowa State students enlisted in the armed services who gave their life in service to the country; a military flyover of central campus; a speech by Clayton Anderson, the first Iowa State graduate to venture into space; and the presentation of a U.S. flag that flew over the nation's capitol on March 22, the anniversary date of Iowa State's founding. The ceremony concluded with the dedication of a newly landscaped area near the campanile which included a bench and a plaque commemorating the sesquicentennial.

From the description of Sesquicentennial Celebration collection, 2004-2009. (Iowa State University). 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Twin Cities PBS (abbreviated TPT, from the name Twin Cities Public Television used on-air until 2011 and still used as the organization's legal name) is a non-profit organization based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, that operates the Twin Cities' two Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television stations, KTCA-TV and KTCI-TV, both licensed to Saint Paul. It produces programs for local, regional and national television broadcast, operates numerous websites, and produces rich media content for Web distribution. Twin Cities PBS also serves the Mankato market (via K26CS-D [relaying KTCA] and K29IE-D [relaying KTCI] in nearby St. James through the local municipal-operated Cooperative TV [CTV] network of translators), as that area does not have a PBS member station of its own. The organization was first incorporated in 1955 as Twin City Area Educational Television. KTCA began broadcasting in 1957, and a second station KTCI, began broadcasting in 1965. In 1960, KTCA prepared the report \"Upper Midwest Six-State Educational Television Network Survey\" for the National Association of Educational Broadcasters with a grant from the Hill Family Foundation. The report was a feasibility study for developing an educational television network spanning multiple states. Two of KTCA's notable programs were \"Black Voices\", which highlighted work by Black artists, and \"The Runner\", a news program by and for local Native American populations.

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During World War II, Northwestern offered its facilities for use by the War Department. The Army, Navy, and Civil Aeronautics Administration operated eleven training programs at Northwestern in addition to the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (N.R.O.T.C.) established in 1926: the Navy V-7, Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School; the Navy V-5, Naval Aviation Prepatory Program; the Navy V-1, Accredited College Program; the Naval Training School (Radio); the Army Signal Corps Officers Training School; the Naval H-V(P) and Army Medical and Dental program; the Civil Aeronautics Administration War Training Service; the Civilian Pilot Training Program; the Naval Training School (Cooks & Bakers); the Naval V-12 Unit (Navy College Training Program); and the Civil Affairs Training School.

From the description of Military Training Program Records, 1941-1949. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122276651

Nathaniel Leverone was born on June 26, 1884 in Wakefield, Massachusetts. After graduating from Dartmouth College, Class of 1906, Leverone came to Chicago. He held sales and management positions in a variety of businesses before founding the Canteen Corporation (formerly the Automatic Canteen Corporation), which manufactured and serviced automatic vending machines, in 1929. Leverone stepped down from the chairmanship of the Canteen Corporation in 1960 to pursue philanthropic, civic, and religious endeavors. He died in 1969.

In 1968, Leverone donated $5,000,000 to Northwestern University to fund the construction of a building to house the Graduate School of Business Administration (now the Kellogg Graduate School of Management). According to the University's press release announcing the gift, Leverone made the donation \"not only as a friend of Northwestern but to strengthen private higher education and 'to help perpetuate the free enterprise system as an integral part of the American way of life'\" (August 15, 1968).

Leverone died on May 29, 1969. On July 8, 1970, Leverone's widow attended the groundbreaking ceremony for Nathaniel Leverone Hall. Mrs. Leverone died on October 31, 1972.

See also Nathaniel Leverone, Pioneer in Automatic Merchandising by Gladys Zehnpfennig (Minneapolis, MN: T.S. Denison & Company, 1963) and The Evolution of Management Education: A History of the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, 1908-1983, by Michael W. Sedlak and Harold F. Williamson (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983.

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Washington, D.C. association.

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Ross Robert Barnett (1898-1987) was the Governor of Mississippi from 1960 to 1964.

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Portland, Oregon radio station licensed in 1923 and operated by Benson Polytechnic High School Students.

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Born in Louisiana, blues guitarist and singer Johnny Copeland (1937-1997) was raised in Houston, Texas, where he formed the band Dukes of Rhythm. Although he recorded albums and performed with Sonny Boy Williamson and Bib Mama Thornton in Texas, Copeland only received recognition after moving to New York City in 1975. Six years later, he signed with Rounder Records and released his album with Arthur Blythe and Byard Lancaster, Copeland Special . In 1982, during a tour of West Africa, Copeland recorded Bringing It All Back Home, becoming one of the first American blues musicians to record in Africa, and, in 1986, he won a Grammy Award for his album with Albert Collins and Robert Cray, Showdown . Diagnosed with cardiomyopathy, Copeland underwent seven open-heart operations in the 1990s. Receiving a heart transplant in 1996, he died due to complications of surgery to repair a heart valve the next year.

Source:

Strauss, Neil. Johnny Copeland, 60, Who Sang Texas Blues and Played Guitar. New York Times, July 4, 1997.

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As well as scoring a UK top twenty trad jazz hit with \"Petite Fleur\" in 1959, he helped the careers of many musicians. These included the blues singer Ottilie Patterson, who was at one time his wife, and Lonnie Donegan, whose appearances with Barber triggered the skiffle craze of the mid-1950s and who had his first transatlantic hit, \"Rock Island Line\", while with Barber's band. He provided an audience for Donegan and, later, Alexis Korner, and sponsored African-American blues musicians to visit Britain, making Barber a significant figure in launching the British rhythm and blues and \"beat boom\" of the 1960s. Barber was born in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, on 17 April 1930. His father, Donald Barber, was an insurance statistician who a few years later became secretary of the Socialist League, while his mother was a headmistress. 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Founded in 1918, the American Council on Education is a coordinating body for American institutions of higher education.

From the guide to the American Council on Education Latin American Slide Collection N/A., 1945, (Benson Latin American Collection, The University of Texas at Austin)

Founded in 1918, the American Council on Education (ACE) is the nation's unifying voice for higher education. ACE serves as a consensus leader on key higher education issues and seeks to influence public policy through advocacy, research, and program initiatives.

From the description of American Council on Education meeting minutes, 1923-1950. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754864034

1980 Wingspread Conference on Women in Higher Education: Past, Present, and Future sponsored by the American Council on Education and the Johnson Foundation and held in Racine, Wis. Wingspread Conference on Graduate Training in Women's History, October 21-23, 1988.

From the description of Records, 1958-1988 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007123

American nonprofit organization for the promotion of education.

From the description of American Council on Education records, 1918-2007. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754872541

The American Council on Education was established in 1918 to coordinate the services of educational institutions and organizations to the federal government during World War I. After the war it intensified its study of American education, developed a series of national examinations, and expanded its services to educational institutions.

The American Council on Education Conference on Women in the Defense Decade was convened to stimulate discussion of \"what women's attitudes, philosophy and activities should be\" during 1951-60. With the onset of the Cold War and the Korean conflict, particular emphasis was placed on the ways in which women could contribute to the defense and development of the United States.

From the description of Records, 1951. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007065

Biographical/Historical Sketch

Founded in 1918, the American Council on Education (ACE) is the nation's unifying voice for higher education. ACE serves as a consensus leader on key higher education issues and seeks to influence public policy through advocacy, research, and program initiatives.

From the guide to the American Council on Education minutes, 1923-1950, (Department of Special Collections and University Archives)

Introduction the American Council on Education Guide

During a blizzard in Chicago in January 1918, four educators representing professional associations deliberated on how to best meet the wartime needs of American higher education. Before World War I was over, these four educators were joined by others and the Emergency Council on Education was created. This fledgling organization, with an annual budget of two thousand dollars, soon shed its wartime nature and changed its name to the American Council on Education. From 1918, ACE has steadily increased in size and stature in American higher education.

How ACE became one of the pre-eminent institutions in higher education during its history is reflected in its archives. This aggregate of the permanent, noncurrent records documents the various goals, programs and accomplishments of the council between 1918 and 1977. Just as the Council had dropped its transitory name in 1918, to one more appropriate for a permanent organization, an archives of an organization does not include all the records created or received by it during its existence. Most records of an organization are of a temporary nature and, once their current use is over, can be destroyed because the purpose for their existence is satisfied. During the arrangement and description project just concluded, records of a non-current nature were appraised as to their value and either blessed as archives or destroyed. Over half of the records accumulated by the Council were either duplicates, publications, or simply not judged to be of permanent value.

This descriptive inventory of the ACE Archives provides the membership of the Council, the staff of the Council, and interested researchers, a means to use the almost three hundred linear feet of permanent records constituting the archives. Because of the Council's central role in directing American higher education over the last sixty years, a brief historical sketch of significant events documented in the archives follows. This is by no means intensive or extensive and is meant only to highlight some of the educational issues ACE and its members have faced in the twentieth century.

World War I not only thrust the United States into a leadership position in world affairs but also brought out the lack of vocational education training and universal military training in the United States. These issues, as well as the exchange of students between American and foreign educational institutions in Europe, occupied the Council. Because the institution was the central coordinating organization of other educational associations and individual members, building a membership and remaining financially sound were vital activities and occupied a great amount of energy of Donald J. Cowling and Samuel P. Capen, the first two directors of the Council. As chief executives of the Council, these two individuals felt it their responsibility for reporting to the membership proposed higher education legislation. Capen, as the second director, established a quarterly publication, the Educational Record in 1920, in order to report to the Council membership pertinent issues and activities. This publication has served a vital need in higher education, and for over fifty years has summarized the activities of the committees and commissions of ACE. From its early history to the present, committees and commissions have been central to the accomplishments of the Council. Because the commissions and committees created and maintained their records separate from the records of the Office of the Director, they are retained in that manner in the ACE Archives. The records of commissions and committees created during the tenure of Cowling were not broken in 1919 when Capen became director and can be located in the office records of the latter.

The quantity of records created during the tenures of Cowling and Capen is quite small, however that is not unusual when considerations are made for a Council staff of one or two employees. In addition, much of the correspondence of committee members would be maintained among the papers of these university administrators and professors.

If Cowling and Capen were the copilots in getting the Council off the ground, the third director of the organization was responsible for guiding it through its first decade of growth. Charles Riborg Mann directed the Council between 1922 and 1934. Man reflected his times when he opposed federal funding for higher education. Just as strongly, he promoted the use of standardized testing by use of a standardized psychological test. In 1927 this test was administered to 64,000 freshmen in 188 colleges and universities. Over the next fifty years, the diagnostic value of this examination as an addition to secondary school grades became standard in American education. During his tenure the council began publishing what today is the Handbook of American Colleges and Universities. Not all efforts of the council ended in success. The chair of the committee on Federal Relations reported in 1925 that seven years of efforts to promote the creation of a Federal Department of Education was unsuccessful. The committee reported \"the termination of the 68th Congress and than God.\" In April 1929, President Herbert Hoover established the National Advisory committee on Education and named Mann as chairman. Four other members of the Executive Committee of the council were appointed to this presidential committee. Much of the committee's activities can be followed in the archives of the Council.

When Director Man resigned in 1934, the former U.S. Commissioner of Education, George F. Zook, was appointed executive. With membership of the Council declining because of the depression, Zook and the Executive Committee reduced Council dues from $100 to $50. Also the Constitution was amended to rename the chief executive the president rather than the director.

In 1936, the Council announced the formation of the American Youth Commission and elected former Secretary of War Newton D. Baker as chairman. During most of the depression, about four out of ten unemployed workers were American youth. The records of the Commission document noteworthy achievements of the commission in relating to the harsh realities faced by American youth. Such Council publications as Growing Up in the Black Belt and Youth and the Future had a significant impact on how Americans viewed their youth.

Anticipating wartime needs, the Council began publication of Higher Education and National Defense in 1940. Later, this publication was renamed Higher Education and National Affairs and is prominent today in the literature of higher education. During World War II the Council was frustrated because no overall higher education plan met the approval of the War Department. In various ways the Council and its new Committee of Relationship of Higher Education to the Federal Government cooperated with government agencies. The government request to conserve paper reduced the size of the Educational Record and the amount of records created by the Council. Remembering that many colleges and universities granted blanket credit for military experience in World War I, the council published 50,000 copies of a pamphlet, Sound Educational Credit for Military Experience. At the conclusion of the war, the Council established the Veterans Testing Service, which was later renamed the General Educational Development Testing Service. During its existence the Service tested almost three million adults.

In 1945 and 1946, Dr. Zook's efforts to promote international education and cultural exchange were successful as he and other educators attended the San Francisco Conference. This influence can be seen in the Charter of the United Nations. Zook was also named program chairman of the United States National Commission for UNESCO and continued to campaign for cultural exchange programs. Also in 1946, Zook was named by President Truman as chairman of the President's Commission on Higher Education. Various committees of the Council examined the need for higher education assistance to those returning from the armed services. A special committee was established to study the problems of the more than 123,000 disabled American veterans enrolled on college campuses. A special Council sampling survey of housing for veterans attending classes was performed.

Upon Zook's retirement in 1950, the American Council on Education moved to its new headquarters and received its new president, Arthur S. Adams. Because of the Korean Conflict, the manpower question occupied the attention of the Council. A special conference on the role of women in the mobilization of human resources was sponsored in New York City. The Executive Committee again voiced objection to a proposed universal military training program then before Congress.

Major concerns of higher education during the McCarthy Era were the questions of academic freedom and national security. In 1953, the Educational Record published two articles describing infringements on academic freedom at Rutgers and Harvard. The council held two special conferences on the questions of academic freedom and national security. A new Commission on the Education of Women was launched by the Council in 1953.

As the Council staff increased in the 1950s, the need for a Council library became evident. In 1956 a small staff library was opened with a contribution of $450.

Spurred by the Russian launching of Sputnik, the Council published A Proposed Program of Federal Action to Strengthen Higher Education in the Service of the Nation. The Council stressed that the nation should improve and strengthen our educational system rather than imitate the Russian model. The Council's Problems and Policies Committee followed by distributing 130,000 copies of its study, Public Understanding and Support of Higher Education. By the 1960s, the professional staff of the Council had expanded and offered the membership more institutional research capability and expertise.

In 1961 the new president, Logan Wilson, made substantive changes in the organizational structure of the Council. Wilson' goal was to have a small staff of professionals assigned to major areas of council interest. These council offices or divisions were assisted by advisory committees or commissions representing the wide spectrum of Council membership. Within this organizational framework a large number of leaders of American higher education were involved in Council activities. In addition, a publications department and a department of research and analysis were established in the 1960s as service oriented components of the Council. Although new divisions or operations were created and others expanded or reduced in size, the basic organizational structure introduced by Wilson still stands. From the 1960s, the Council, and higher education in general, has paid greater attention to the federal government's impact on higher education. Today, almost all operating units of the Council are aware of the influence of government in the higher education enterprise.

Logan Wilson's talents stretched far beyond organizational management. He brought about creation of a Committee of Educational Opportunity which addressed the need for greater opportunities for blacks in higher education. Wilson and other members of the board also directed the Council to look at the urban scene in the 1960s. In that same area, ACE influenced the Higher Education Act of 1965 by urging direct financial assistance for needy and able students. These came to be known as \"opportunity grants.\" In 1969 the ACE annual meeting theme, \"The Campus and Racial Tension,\" was proposed by the staff director of the Office of Research. During this period, the commission on Acadmic Affairs published ACE Special Reports relating to the needs of black America.

Despite the ferment in the 1960s on American campuses, overseas assistance to newly established African educational institutions was carried out through the Council's Africa Liaison Committee, established in 1959. Most of the committee's early efforts were directed toward sub-Sahara Africa. In 1965 the committee was renamed the Overseas Liaison Committee and expanded its activities into the Caribbean and Pacific Ocean areas. The activities and accomplishments in assisting educational institutions in these areas are fully documented in the records of the committee.

After a decade of service as president of the Council, Logan Wilson was succeeded in 1972 by Roger W. Heyns. The new president focused on federal legislation affecting higher education and in achieving a better representation of institutional interests on the Board of the Council. Following intensive study, the Board was expanded to include six new members. Also, to cope with the growing demands of relating higher education and the federal government, Stephen K. Bailey was appointed vice president in charge of all Council activities in governmental relations. The Council interaction with government was evidenced by the presentation of 27 oral or written statements to congressional committees or federal agencies during 1973. Thus, under the leadership of Heyns and Bailey, ACE became more the leader and voice for higher education when new legislation was being considered. The Council staff became more conversant with legislative staffs and provided expertise when needed. When Heyns resigned on May 31, 1977, Bailey became acting president for three months until a successor, J. W. Peltason, assumed the chief executive's position.

It appears that by both the volume and complexity of Council records pertaining to governmental relations, the ACE has assumed the vital role of articulating and promoting the interests of higher education in the legislative arena.

This historical sketch, although providing some idea of the documentation available in the archives, is no substitute for a careful study of the descriptive guide of the ACE Archives, 1918-1977, provided in the rest of this document.

George C. Chalou, Archival Consultant, American Council on Education, 1982.

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", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wuom-radio-station-ann-arbor-mich.png", "altNames": [ "WUOM (Radio station : Ann Arbor, Mich.)" ], "ownedBy": [ "University of Michigan" ], "website": [ "http://www.michiganradio.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2019040154" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/2830155345594706430008" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2019040154" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6m10q2b" ], "placeNames": [ "Michigan", "Ann Arbor (Mich.)", "Ann Arbor", "United States of America" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "radio-plays", "title": "Radio plays" }, { "id": "lectures-and-lecturing", "title": "Lectures and lecturing" }, { "id": "dance", "title": "Dance" }, { "id": "forums-discussion-and-debate", "title": "Forums (Discussion and debate)" }, { "id": "arts", "title": "Arts" }, { "id": "radio-broadcasting", "title": "Radio broadcasting" }, { "id": "american-poetry", "title": "American poetry" }, { "id": "children", "title": "Children" }, { "id": "documentary-radio-programs", "title": "Documentary radio programs" } ], "airtableId": "recEHGbjo102qmf80" }, "snac": { "snacId": "53517751", "description": "

Radio station of the University of Michigan; formerly University of Michigan Broadcasting Service.

From the description of WUOM records, 1914-1982. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34421429

Radio broadcasting at the University of Michigan began in 1923 when students in the Department of Electrical Engineering set up a homemade broadcasting station in the West Engineering Building. On January 14, 1924 a federal license was issued, authorizing the university to operate station WCBC on 1,070 kilocycles, with 200 watts of power for unlimited time. However, the equipment was experimental and proved inefficient for more than periodic transmission. Consequently, the department submitted to the regents a request for $20,000 to build a more professional station, and a yearly appropriation of $3000 to maintain it. However, the regents, believing that the university's broadcasting program could be carried out with less expense through the cooperation of a commercial station which had an established audience, refused the request. As a result, when the station's license expired in June 1925, no application for renewal was filed, and the station's privilege was canceled in October.

Lack of administrative support for funding did not mean lack of support for radio broadcasting. In the same year that WCBC's license was allowed to lapse, the regents established the University of Michigan Broadcasting Service (UMBS) and appointed Waldo Abbot, then instructor in rhetoric in the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, as director of the Broadcasting Service, a position he would hold until his retirement in 1957. During the 1925-26 academic year arrangements were made with Detroit radio station WJR for the regular broadcasting of programs originating on the campus, chiefly talks presented by faculty and musical programs by School of Music students and organizations.

The first of these \"Michigan Night\" programs featured University President Clarence Cook Little, who, in his remarks set forth the broadcasting mission of the university: \"to give to the former students, alumni and alumnae, a few reminders of the spirit of the campus [and] to give to the citizens of the State entertainment and a brief opportunity to become acquainted with certain of the policies which are shaping the efforts [of the university] to serve the State as wisely and as widely as we can.\" [1]

In 1933 UMBS became a unit of the Extension Division. Though Abbot continued as director of the Broadcasting Service, he was transferred from the Department of English Language and Literature to the Department of Speech and General Linguistics, in which he instituted courses in radio speech, dramatics, and writing. These were \"hands-on\" courses that provided students with both \"on-air\" and \"behind-the-scenes\" broadcasting experience. The functions of the Broadcasting Service were increased to include class instruction, the recording of speech for students and for faculty research, and the making of recordings to be used by University of Michigan alumni clubs.[2] Radio programming throughout the 1930s and 1940s would consist of music instruction, art and vocational guidance to schools, and a host of adult programs featuring the academic and cultural resources of the university.

One of the first educational institutions to recognize the potential in FM broadcasting--a technological marvel first demonstrated at the 1939 New York World's Fair--the University of Michigan applied for authorization to build a non-commercial frequency modulation station in 1943. Although the FCC granted the permit in 1944, construction was delayed until after World War II, and it wasn't until July 1, 1948 that station WUOM made its debut. Since 1928 UMBS had operated out of a small studio located in Morris Hall. When Morris Hall was torn down to make room for a new administration building (now the Literature, Science and Arts Building) in 1945, UMBS moved into temporary quarters in Angell Hall, while awaiting construction of a \"state of the art\" facility that was to dominate the fifth floor of the new building.

When it first went on the air in 1948, WUOM offered a daily broadcast schedule of forty to fifty hours per week, with scheduled programming from 3:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Then, as now, the largest percentage of this programming consisted of music: faculty chamber music recitals, regular rehearsals of the University Choir and the Symphony Orchestra, an \"informal program of music appreciation\" hosted by Wiley Hitchcock, and recorded classical music. But the new station did not abandon its commitment to sharing the university's cultural and academic resources; rather, it also offered a fairly diverse schedule of radio plays performed, and often written, by the Radio Guild and students in the Department of Speech, a children's story program, foreign language programs, and talks by university faculty.

By 1949, when WUOM finally moved into its new studios, Waldo Abbot could boast that \"at the present [the station is] on the air fifty-five hours a week, devoting fifty percent of its time to transcribed and recorded musical programs. Eleven percent [is] live music presented by faculty, students, and organizations connected with the University's School of Music. Ten percent [is] programs in which students participate, such as dramatic programs, round tables, campus news, etc. Sixteen percent [are] presented by members of the university faculties, either in talks, round tables, interviews, or quiz programs. Six percent is devoted to sports and seven percent to public service programs from off-campus sources.\"[3] That fall, WUOM introduced \"Treasures Off the Shelf,\" an original dramatic series based upon manuscript materials in the university's Clements Library. This series, the first of many such series WUOM would produce over the next twenty years, not only proved popular with listeners, but received a First Award from the Institute for Education by Radio.

Prior to 1950 the focus of WUOM programming had been on adult education and enrichment. That fall, however, the station inaugurated the Radio Classroom, through which it offered the university's academic and cultural resources to school systems throughout the state of Michigan. The first--and longest running--of the Radio Classroom series was \"Festival of Song,\" a program of music instruction and singing lessons designed to enhance the classroom experience of every child. Though the series was first limited to schools in Washtenaw County, response was so positive that by 1952 Radio Classroom series were being carried, either via direct relay or distributed programming, by sixteen stations state-wide, including the Upper Peninsula. When WUOM celebrated its tenth anniversary on July 5, 1958, President Harlan H. Hatcher enthusiastically cited the station's efforts to \"extend the important educational resources of the University to an ever-increasing audience ranging from pre-school youngsters to senior adult citizens... Through the maintenance of professional standards and the recognition of radio as serious art, educational broadcasters have made an important contribution to modern methods of communication. We are confident that the next decade will see the leadership of educational broadcasting extended, and the service of the University's own WUOM to the people of the State of Michigan enriched and expanded.\"[4]

The next decade did indeed see an extension of both leadership and service by WUOM, as well as significant changes in how that service was carried out. In 1961 WUOM received FCC permission to construct an FM station in West Michigan, in order to relay WUOM programming to the metropolitan areas of Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, and Muskegon. WVGR began broadcasting on December 2 of that same year. Though WUOM had always been closely affiliated with the National Association of Educational Broadcasting and its affiliate, National Educational Radio, the 1960s saw an increase in staff involvement. Particularly significant is the role played by station manager Edgar Burrows whose tenure as NAEB chairman encompassed the critical Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, as well as the controversy concerning copyright law revision, and NAEB's 1967 reorganizational study.

Though still responsive to its listeners' preferences for classical music programming, and still committed to its long-standing policy of extending the University's academic and cultural resources to the people of the State of Michigan, in 1960 the station began to increase its emphasis on news reporting and analysis, as well as on broadcasting more of the issues-oriented public lectures and panel discussions held on campus. By 1969 WUOM felt that local, national, and international events were requiring them to spend more time \"interpreting the proper role of the University to the general public, explaining and analyzing the nature of internal conflicts in the light of national and international events, and bringing to the University community itself as balanced and detailed a reporting of events on and off campus as possible.\"[5] Consequently, long-time musical program favorites like The Record Collector, Afternoon Musicale, and Music of the Masters increasingly shared the broadcast schedule with protest rallies, teach-ins and sit-ins, and special sessions of the University Senate.

Subsequent decades have brought even more changes to WUOM--new network affiliation, rapidly changing technologies, budget uncertainties, personnel and leadership turnovers--all of which have, in some way, influenced station operation and programming. Nevertheless the station remains faithful to the mission established in the 1940s by the University Executive Committee on Radio, to \"interpret and report to its audience the various activities of the University with emphasis upon education, research, and training with the intent to develop a broader knowledge, a fuller understanding and deeper appreciation of the humanities, of the sciences, and of social, economic, and civic problems [as well as offering] entertainment consistent with the policies and practices of an institution of higher learning.\"[6]

___________________________

1--Radio Programs Given at the University of Michigan During the Year 1925-1926, Printed Materials, box 34, WUOM, Bentley Historical Library (BHL).

2--\"A Report on Radio Broadcasting at the University of Michigan\", 1943, Annual and miscellaneous reports, 1933-1945, box 32.

3--\"WUOM of the University of Michigan,\" Collins Radio Company, Cedar Rapids, Iowa [1949?], Printed Materials, box 32.

4--WUOM Program Schedule, October 1958, Printed Materials, box 32.

5--University of Michigan Broadcasting Service - Radio WUOM/WVGR Annual Report, 1968-70, Printed Materials, box 32.

6--University of Michigan Broadcasting Service - Radio Station WUOM [By-laws], Executive Committee on Radio, 1947-1948, box 2.

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Ralph McGill, as editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution, was a leading voince for racial and ethnic tolerance in the South from the 1940s through the 1960s. As an influential daily columnist, he broke the code of silence on the subject of segregation, chastising a generation of demagogues, timid journalists, and ministers who feared change. When the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed segregated schools in 1954 and southern demagogues led defiance of the court, segregationists vilified McGill as a traitor to his region for urging white southerners to accept the end of segregation. In 1959, at the age of sixty-one, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing. New Georgia Encyclopedia - Ralph McGill (1898-1969) http://georgiaencyclopedia.org (Retrieved September 23, 2009)

From the description of Ralph McGill - The South and the southerner, 1960-1963? (University of Georgia). WorldCat record id: 459794341

Ralph Waldo Emerson McGill, journalist, editor, and publisher, was born 5 February 1898, in Igou's Ferry, Tennessee, and died 3 February 1969, in Atlanta, Georgia. McGill was a sports editor for the Nashville BANNER (1923-1937); executive editor (1938-1941), editor-in-chief (1941-1960), and publisher (1960-1969) for the ATLANTA CONSTITUTION; he also wrote for the NEW YORK TIMES magazine, ATLANTIC MONTHLY, REPORTER, READER'S DIGEST, and SATURDAY EVENING POST. His awards included a Rosenwald Foundation traveling scholarship (1937), a Pulitzer Prize (1958) for two human rights-related stories, and seventeen honorary doctorates including one from Harvard University. He was married twice, to Mary Elizabeth Leonard (1929) and to Mary Lynn Morgan (1967).

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Professor and broadcasting executive.

President National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 1960-1975; director of Joint Council on Educational Television (JCET), 1960-1975; chairman of Peabody Awards Board; chairman Mass Communications Board, 1970-1976.

From the description of William G. Harley papers, 1942-1965 (bulk 1960-1965) (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 30047208

William Harley was born on October 9, 1911 in Madison, Wisconsin, to Joel Alva and Elizabeth Gardner Harley. He received his BA from the University of Wisconsin in 1935. Upon graduation, he began work at the Wisconsin Broadcasting System as chief announcer while studying for his masters at the University of Wisconsin. He joined the staff of WHA in Madison and assumed the duties of an Instructor in Madison's Department of Radio-Television Education in 1936. He completed the work for his masters in 1940. In June of that year, he married Jewell Bunnell with whom he would have four daughters, Cynthia, Linda, Gratia, and Gail. He became Program Director of the Wisconsin Broadcasting System in 1940 and from 1944 to 1946 served as Acting Director for the System. Harley worked up through the ranks of the Department if Radio-Television Education in the 1940's and 1950's. He was named Assistant Professor in 1942, Associate Professor in 1953, and Professor in 1957.

From 1950 to 1952, Harley was the program coordinator for the Ford-National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) Adult Education Radio Project. Harley left Wisconsin for Washington, D.C., in 1960 to serve as President of NAEB . Concurrently, he became the Director of the Joint Council on Educational Telecommunications (JCET) . He remained in these two positions until 1975. From 1973 to 1975, he also served as President of JCET. Harley received an honorary LL.D from the University of Wisconsin in 1972.

Upon stepping down from NAEB and JCET, he served on the Peabody Awards Board. He was Chairman of this Board from 1981 to 1985. During this period, Harley served on several national and international commissions dealing with communications including UNESCO and the Mass Communications Commission. He even served as Chairman of the Mass Communications Commission from 1967 to 1968 and 1970 to 1976. While working on these commissions, Harley consulted for such organizations as the Rothschild Foundation, the Agency for International Development, and the U.S. Department of State among others. Harley retired in 1987 except for a current stint on the Board of Directors of Americans for Universality of UNESCO and his editorship of The Oldtimers Newsletter . Finally, in 1989, Harley served on the National Committee of OPT IN America, a nonprofit public advocacy group dedicated to promoting the development of fiber optic technology for home and school.

Harley was a member of the Phi Kappa Phi, Phi Eta Sigma, Beta Theta Pi, and the International and Cosmos Clubs of Washington.

Harley died in 1998.

From the guide to the William G. 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The station serves the Nashville, Tennessee, area along with sister station WPLN-FM. WPLN-AM was an effort by the directors of Nashville Public Radio to find a place to program such NPR features at the time as The Diane Rehm Show and similar fare that had a definite and loyal audience but a lesser one than public radio standbys such as NPR's All Things Considered and Morning Edition and American Public Media's now-defunct A Prairie Home Companion (later known as Live From Here). These are heard on WPLN-FM, 90.3 MHz, while some alternative programs were aired on the AM (before 2020, see below). A few features were aired by both at different times. 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Due to the terms of its license, the signal was limited to the confines of the Florida State campus. It was on the air for three hours every night during the week, with a lineup of campus news, interviews, music and an occasional radio drama.\n\nThe station was forced off the air in April 1953 due to complaints that the signal was leaking off campus. Florida State applied for a low-powered FM license, and WFSU returned to the air at 91.5 FM in July 1954. Soon afterward, it joined the National Association of Educational Broadcasters, allowing it to significantly upgrade its programming with offerings from BBC World Service and Radio France. It also began carrying Seminoles football games because no commercial station in Tallahassee would carry them.\n\nIn 1970, WFSU-FM became a charter member of NPR, and was one of the 90 stations to carry the initial broadcast of All Things Considered. In the 1970s, it shifted to a format of mostly classical music.\n\nThe station continued to grow during the 1980s, but was somewhat hampered by problems with its signal. Unlike most NPR stations of the time, it had no backup power source for its transmitter, resulting in frequent outages. The station's reception was also marginal at best in the northeastern part of the city, which is very hilly. To solve the problem, WFSU won approval for a new station on 88.9 FM, operating from a new tower northeast of Tallahassee. All NPR news and information programming moved there on October 14, 1990. Classical music remained on 91.5, which received new call letters, WFSQ. However, due to the legal structure of the changeover, the Federal Communications Commission considers WFSQ to be the same station as the old WFSU. To improve its coverage on the Georgia side of the market, Florida State started WFSL in 2003.\n\nWFSW signed on in 1996, providing Panama City with a second NPR service, alongside Gulf Coast Community College's WKGC-FM. Until WKGC dropped NPR in 2013, Panama City was one of the smallest cities in the country with separate NPR stations.\n\n", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wfsu-radiotelevision-station-tallahassee-fla.png", "ownedBy": [ "Florida State University" ], "website": [ "http://www.wfsu.org/" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6d55jwf" ], "placeNames": [ "Florida" ], "airtableId": "recx5Kp63FdelvwHI" }, "snac": { "snacId": "28077135", "description": "

WFSU-TV is a public broadcast station for educational television located at Florida State University. It provides programming for county schools, university telecourses, and general community audiences. It is licensed to the Board of Regents on and in behalf of the Florida State University. The station is part of the state-wide educational television network that was developed by the Florida Educational Television Commission beginning in 1958 (Ch. 57-312, Laws).

From the description of Films, 1960-1989. (Florida State Archive). WorldCat record id: 32413800", "altNames": [ "WFSU-TV (Television station : Tallahassee, Fla.)" ], "subjects": [ "Public service television programs", "Public television" ], "placeNames": [ "Florida" ], "airtableId": "recwKWfMyFFGCKC4A" }, "airtableId": "recoUQFi01Forz3xi" }, { "id": "hunt-myrtle-f", "name": "Hunt, Myrtle F.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoVjc1r3mA6I8Pe" }, { "id": "enders-john-f", "name": "Enders, John F.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoW45OM6sohQSHO" }, { "id": "graham-edward", "name": "Graham, Edward", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoX2RXQEi7xat5U" }, { "id": "dunnock-mildred", "name": "Dunnock, Mildred", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoXtBRv4nNiIPGW" }, { "id": "bolling-richard", "name": "Bolling, Richard", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1530283", "name": "Richard Walker Bolling", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician (1916-1991)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Walker_Bolling", "birthDate": "1916-05-17T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1991-04-21T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "New York City", "deathPlace": "Washington, D.C.", "description": "Richard Walker Bolling (May 17, 1916 – April 21, 1991) was a prominent American Democratic Congressman from Kansas City, Missouri, and Missouri's 5th congressional district from 1949 to 1983. He retired after serving for four years as the chairman of the powerful United States House Committee on Rules. Born in New York City as the great-great-grandson of John Williams Walker and great-great-nephew of Percy Walker, he attended Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire. At the age of fifteen, upon his father's death, he returned to the family home in Huntsville, Alabama. He then attended the University of the South, in Sewanee, Tennessee, where he studied literature and French, earning a B.A. in 1937 and an M.A., 1939. He went on to further graduate studies, at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1939–1940. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/bolling-richard.jpg", "occupation": [ "politician", "teacher", "academic administrator" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81032275" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/13628224" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81032275" ], "nara": [ "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569960" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63j3n1q" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "world-war-1939-1945", "title": "World War, 1939-1945" }, { "id": "civil-rights", "title": "Civil rights" } ], "airtableId": "recMW85Sj2VFErT3A" }, "snac": { "snacId": "31657683", "description": "

Congressman.

From the description of Reminiscences of Richard Walker Bolling : oral history, 1983. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309721572

Richard Walker Bolling was born May 17, 1916. He served as a U.S. Congressman from the Fifth District of Missouri, 1949 to 1983. He died in Washington, D.C. on April 21, 1991.

From the description of Bolling, Richard Walker, 1916-1991 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10569960

Richard Walker Bolling (1916-1991) was born in New York City and graduated from the University of the South with a B.A. (1937) and M.A. (1939). Residing in Kansas City, Missouri, Bolling represented Missouri's fifth congressional district as a Democratic Congressman in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1949 to 1983.

Source: \"Richard Walker Bolling.\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 4, 2011. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000605.

From the guide to the Richard Walker Bolling Collection 2011-208., undated, (Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin)", "birthDate": "5/17/1916", "deathDate": "4/21/1991", "altNames": [ "Bolling, Richard, 1916-1991" ], "subjects": [ "Civil rights", "World War, 1939-1945", "Legislators--Interviews" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "recyXCQElgCkUQFxi" }, "airtableId": "recoXyuzprgbsGXUq" }, { "id": "bolis-luciano", "name": "Bolis, Luciano", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoY8OtA0uv7u7hw" }, { "id": "bloch-ernest-1880-1959", "name": "Bloch, Ernest, 1880-1959", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoZH8KShNgpxJg1" }, { "id": "higgy-robert-c", "name": "Higgy, Robert C.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107621702", "name": "Robert C. Higgy", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio executive at Ohio State University", "description": "Robert C. Higgy was the founding director of radio station WOSU, and later, television station WOSU-TV at Ohio State University. Higgy developed the station in 1919, under its original call sign of 8XI and then WEAO. He became a professor in the department of electrical engineering at WOSU in 1937. In 1943, Higgy published a book titled \"Fundamental Radio Experiments\" which \"describes experiments designed to present the fundamental principles of electricity and radio in a manner that illustrates the application of those principles in radio communication systems.\"", "altNames": [ "Higgy, R. C." ], "occupation": [ "radio executive" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/259158790730638852326" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61s7hfr" ], "placeNames": [ "Columbus (Ohio)" ], "airtableId": "rec9osVPVYs1zZeoJ" }, "airtableId": "recoZdCyAdb2rQTya" }, { "id": "williams-harold", "name": "Williams, Harold", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recob6Yqv59ZpRVnZ" }, { "id": "green-fletcher-melvin-1895-1978", "name": "Green, Fletcher Melvin, 1895-1978", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recobulDszC5G52t2" }, { "id": "hertzen-heikki-von-1913", "name": "Hertzen, Heikki von, 1913-", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recodAf3vB1xULEE1" }, { "id": "mellencamp-emmy", "name": "Mellencamp, Emmy", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recodZiu7KaoWRg9L" }, { "id": "grumman-russell-m", "name": "Grumman, Russell M.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoiijVXkRktWXoK" }, { "id": "lardner-ring-1885-1933", "name": "Lardner, Ring, 1885-1933", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recom3J5t0wz0LSj1" }, { "id": "burns-john-l", "name": "Burns, John L.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recomGwcrd4AYwlZ2" }, { "id": "swann-donald", "name": "Swann, Donald", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reconePjEabelpEqD" }, { "id": "davenport-dona-lee", "name": "Davenport, Dona Lee", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recooAAOXdWIyvgkp" }, { "id": "coindreau-maurice-edgar", "name": "Coindreau, Maurice Edgar", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recooOarWT5BqRs1j" }, { "id": "diaz-faye", "name": "Diaz, Faye", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoonS0d9DMQ9Krj" }, { "id": "ostroff-anthony-1923", "name": "Ostroff, Anthony, 1923-", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recopAaV0fY7cE2gC" }, { "id": "wilson-a-g-albert-george-1918-2012", "name": "Wilson, A. G. (Albert George), 1918-2012", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recopWlEjxGNHN9NW" }, { "id": "hague-rene", "name": "Hague, Rene", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoq1XEn4v1fqjzQ" }, { "id": "lyle-jack", "name": "Lyle, Jack", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recoqhRNOQHW2Tj4C" }, { "id": "cannon-warren-m", "name": "Cannon, Warren M.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recorTSIjXtRdZlvh" }, { "id": "bartley-robert-t", "name": "Bartley, Robert T.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recos55OIpKaWwnAf" }, { "id": "kosh-zelda-horner", "name": "Kosh, Zelda Horner", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recou5iNgpaap8hqr" }, { "id": "hammond-dave", "name": "Hammond, Dave", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recou6dZTHurnflNM" }, { "id": "macleish-archibald-1892-1982", "name": "MacLeish, Archibald, 1892-1982", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recouMCEJLQnrhn1T" }, { "id": "groff-frank-h", "name": "Groff, Frank H.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recov7AFf1r4xjLkL" }, { "id": "allen-george", "name": "Allen, George", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recovExYFoIJ041Ii" }, { "id": "wentworth-john-w", "name": "Wentworth, John W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recovJKHLlTRhoSYc" }, { "id": "rowland-howard", "name": "Rowland, Howard", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recovk8YkhrTmynP8" }, { "id": "robertson-jim", "name": "Robertson, Jim", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recowlGzqsdcsvTVW" }, { "id": "smith-college", "name": "Smith College", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q49204", "name": "Smith College", "wikidataLabelDescription": "private women's liberal arts college in Massachusetts", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_College", "inceptionDate": "December 31, 1870", "description": "Smith College is a private liberal arts women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts. It was chartered in 1871 by Sophia Smith and opened in 1875. It is the largest member of the historic Seven Sisters colleges, a group of elite women's colleges in the Northeastern United States. Smith is also a member of the Five College Consortium, along with four other nearby institutions in the Pioneer Valley: Mount Holyoke College, Amherst College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst; students of each college are allowed to attend classes at any other member institution. On campus are Smith's Museum of Art and Botanic Garden, the latter designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Smith has 41 academic departments and programs and is structured around an open curriculum, lacking course requirements and scheduled final exams. It is known for its progressive, politically active student body and rigorous academics. Undergraduate admissions is exclusively restricted to women; Smith announced a trans inclusive admissions policy in 2015, however, after criticism from the college community. Smith offers several graduate degrees, all of which accept applicants regardless of gender, and co-administers programs leading to Ph.D.s alongside other Five College members. The college was the first historically women's college to offer an undergraduate engineering degree. Admissions is considered highly selective. It was the first women's college to join the NCAA, and its sports teams are known as the Pioneers. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/smith-college.png", "altNames": [ "Smith College", "Massachusetts" ], "memberOf": [ "Five College Consortium", "Center for Research Libraries", "Women's College Coalition" ], "website": [ "http://www.smith.edu" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79109755" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/158225466" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79109755" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6f802dt" ], "placeNames": [ "Massachusetts--Northampton", "Northeastern states", "United States--Northeastern states" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "christmas", "title": "Christmas" }, { "id": "lectures-and-lecturing", "title": "Lectures and lecturing" }, { "id": "universities-and-colleges", "title": "Universities and colleges" }, { "id": "athletics", "title": "Athletics" } ], "airtableId": "recQFlbUEIuhZOvJ6" }, "snac": { "snacId": "22226963", "description": "

Since 1900, Christmas at Smith College has involved the sending of cards, the singing of carols and the annual Vespers. Smith College's Christmas Vespers has allowed religious and non-religious students alike to come together and appreciate the music and spirit of the holiday season. At this annual candlelight ceremony, Smith College choral groups perform seasonal songs and religious readings.

From the description of Records of Christmas at Smith College, 1900-[ongoing]. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 52235190

The Smith College Alumnae Oral History Project was funded by the President's Office and the College Archives and coordinated by Kelly Anderson. Students from the Archives Concentration and Anderson's class in oral history conducted the interviews with alumnae over Reunion weekend in May 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 in the Alumnae Gymnasium. Interviews were 30 minutes long, on average, and were taped by videographer Kate Geis and Rebecca Rideout, as well as student interviewers. Narrators were asked to reflect on their reasons for choosing Smith, key experiences during their time on campus, significant political and social issues that marked their time at Smith and the impact a Smith education has had on their lives and careers. In 2010, narrators graduated from the classes of 1985-2005. In 2011, narrators were graduates of the classes of 1941-1976. In 2012, narrators were mostly graduates of the classes 1957-1982. In 2013, narrators were primarily graduates of the classes 1943-2008.

From the guide to the Alumnae Oral History Project RG12., 2010-2013, (Smith College Archives)

The materials in this collection have been accumulated over the years from various sources.

From the guide to the Historical Postcard Collection RG 10., 1900-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

The tradition of dances and recreation at Smith is longstanding. From social gatherings, teas and parties in the 1880s and 1890s, to the hosting of the \"Supper Dance\" Weekend of the 1920s through the 1940s, to the present day traditions of Friday Teas, Winter Weekend, Spring Weekend and Rugby Prom are among the activities.

From the description of Files on dances and recreation at Smith College, 1881-1990. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 52235100

Athletics have been an important part of Smith College life since Senda Berenson started the program in the late 1800's. The first women's collegiate basketball game was held at Smith in 1893 after Berenson adapted the game for women. For many years, all freshmen and sophomores were required to take a sport as part of their regular studies. The Smith College Athletic Association prevented intercollegiate competition, maintaining that it would hurt the spirit of friendly intramural competition at the college, but the intramural programs drew much interest, and spots on class teams were highly coveted. The first intercollegiate games were allowed in 1971, and Smith College joined the Northeast Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. In 1981, Smith became the first women's college to join the NCAA, in which it remains a division III member today.

From the guide to the Athletics Subject Files RG 80., ca. 1890-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

Since 1900, Christmas at Smith College has involved the sending of cards, the singing of carols, and, of course, the annual Vespers. Smith College's Christmas Vespers have allowed religious and non-religious students alike to come together and appreciate the music and spirit of the holiday season for over one hundred years. At this annual candlelight ceremony, Smith College choral groups perform seasonal songs and religious readings.

From the description of Smith College Christmas files, 1900-(ongoing) (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 503317234

Smith College was incorporated in 1871 and opened with fourteen enrolled students in 1875. Therefore, most of the extant buildings were erected after 1875, though there are quite a few that date from the earlier part of the 19th century and even some from the 18th. The campus is and always has been a mixture of constructed and acquired buildings: Smith' s first three buildings were Dewey House-former home of Northampton judge Charles Augustus Dewey, College Hall-built by the trustees as the first academic and administrative building, and Gateway House-built by the trustees as a home for Smith's first president, L. Clark Seelye (1875-1910). Dewey was home to the very first Smith students and today houses faculty offices and meeting rooms. The present-day campus as a whole serves as an \"architectural garden,\" with styles ranging from Colonial to Greek Revival and Victorian Gothic to neo-Georgian, with a dose of \"modern\" styles added more recently.

From the guide to the Buildings Records RG 22., 1875-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

The first dramatic productions at Smith were performed by members of societies in the individual student houses on campus. The first of these was formed by Hatfield House in January of 1878 and was named Alpha Society. Washburn and Hubbard Houses soon followed with Olla Podrida in the fall of 1878 and Tertium Quid in 1879, respectively. Houses also occasionally banded together into groups under one name. Sarm Ganok was the name for the Stoddard- Dewey-Hatfield Houses group, and was adapted from the Chinese words for \"Three Houses.\" To these was added Senior Dramatics in 1883 as a feature of Commencement week, although not officially added to the program until 1887. In 1889 the various dramatic societies had achieved official recognition by the administration of the College and in 1891 it became customary for performances to be held in town at the newly-opened Academy of Music. In 1896, owing to the tremendous popularity of Alpha Society, a sister organization was formed, called Phi Kappa Psi, and by 1901 most of the academic departments were also putting on shows. By 1908 the number of productions had out-paced itself to such an extent as to require limitations. The house dramatic groups were dissolved and in their place a divisional system based on class year was instituted. Four new groups were thus formed, each giving one show per year. The groups were called Cap and Bells, Sock and Buskin, The Players and The Mummers. This system was in turn discarded in 1919 when Samuel A. Eliot, of the Department of English Language and Literature, developed the Dramatics Association to replace it and added a course in play production to the Spoken English curriculum. In 1927 even the Senior Dramatics were taken over and all productions were given through the Dramatics Association and the Theatre Workshop, as the performances by Eliot's students were called. That same year also marked the first year of an actor/actress exchange with Amherst College and an end to the tradition of all-female casts in Smith plays. The Department of Theatre was not formed until the 1942-43 academic year, at which time Hallie Flannagan was made its chair. Seven years later, due to flagging student interest and lack of funds, the Dramatics Association voted to merge with the theatre department. All productions thereafter were produced by the department.

From the guide to the Dramatics Files RG 80., 1878-1949, (Smith College Archives)

Smith College has many traditional special days. One of the earliest special days celebrated at Smith College was Ivy Day. Ivy Day is a day in which departing seniors plant ivy cuts on the Smith grounds, symbolizing their seed of knowledge, in hopes that it will flourish. Many of those traditions include Special Day celebrations for students, staff, faculty and parents.

From the description of Files on special days at Smith College, A-Z, 1884-[ongoing]. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 52235062

In 1892, plans designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted were adopted by President Seelye to turn the Smith College campus into a single large botanic garden, labeling all trees and shrub for aesthetic and educational purposes. Francis Ganong was appointed the first director of the botanic garden in 1894, and a systematics garden, based on the theories of Adolf Engler and Karl Prantl was added to the plan under his direction. The master plan has undergone numerous changes, including new systems of walkways and lawns, the expansion of the Lyman Plant House, the construction of a Japanese tea hut and garden, and the reorganization of the herbaceous garden according to more current evolutionary theories.

From the guide to the Grounds Subject Files RG 24., 1879-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)From the description of Grounds subject records, 1879-[ongoing]. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 53372604

Mountain Day has remained a unique and much-anticipated holiday at Smith College since it was first celebrated in October 1877. According to an article written in The Sophian in 1970, \"On this occasion, the date of which is unknown to all except [the college president], bells ring to announce a surprise holiday on which all academic appointments are cancelled.\" Students are encouraged to use this day to take long walks or bike rides and to enjoy a beautiful fall day free from the stress of everyday life.

From the guide to the Mountain Day and Picnics Files RG 80., 1882-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

Smith College was incorporated in 1871 and opened with fourteen enrolled students in 1875. Therefore, most of the extant buildings were erected after 1875, though some date from the earlier part of the 19th century and the 18th. The campus is a mixture of constructed and acquired buildings: Smith's first three buildings were Dewey House--former home of Northampton judge Charles Augustus Dewey, College Hall--built by the trustees as the first academic and administrative building, and Gateway House--built by the trustees as a home for Smith's first president, L. Clark Seelye (1875-1910). Dewey was home to the very first Smith students and today houses faculty offices and meeting rooms. The present-day campus as a whole serves as an \"architectural garden,\" with styles ranging from Colonial to Greek Revival and Victorian Gothic to neo-Georgian, with \"modern\" styles added more recently.

From the description of Buildings records, 1875-[ongoing]. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 53372597

Smith College had booths at several world fairs and expositions from the 1890s to the 1930s, giving the college unique opportunities to publicize its merits. It was one of the only women's colleges to consistently appear at world fairs. The booths highlighted Smith's history, famous figures, campus, educational opportunities, and distinguished alumnae. The four stated purposes of such displays were to 1) greet and aid alumnae (who had often traveled great distances and were unfamiliar with the area); 2) attract new students; 3) \"make friends\" for the college (leave visitors with favorable impressions); and 4) interest possible donors. The booths were staffed by alumnae and local Smith College Clubs played major roles in planning the events.

The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the first time women had taken an active role in planning the fair. The Smith College booth was in the Women's Building, which brought together many booths related to women's interests and was called \"one of the first major expressions of feminist consciousness\" in the country.

At the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, Smith's booth was in the Palace of Education. This time, the catchphrase was \"bringing Smith to California\" as the college tried to recruit West Coast students. The college took its role as the main representative of higher education for women seriously, and focused on the achievements of college educated women in the world.

The booth at the 1933 Century of Progress fair in Chicago was located at a highly visible junction in the Hall of Social Sciences. Despite early plans to have a combined Seven Sisters display, in the end Smith was the only women's college to have a booth. However, there was a lounge area for alumnae of all women's colleges elsewhere in the same building. The main attraction of the Smith booth that year was the colorful mural background painted by art professor Oliver Larkin, portraying various aspects of student life at Smith.

From the guide to the World Fairs Records RG 12., 1893-1939, (Smith College Archives)

The tradition of dances and recreation at Smith is longstanding. From social gatherings, teas, and parties in the 1880s and 1890s, to the hosting of \"Supper Dance\" Weekend from the 1920s through the 1940s, to the present day traditions of Friday Teas, Winter Weekend, Spring Weekend and Rugby Prom, Smith has seen its fair share of parties.

While much of the information regarding the gatherings cannot be found in the folders, many of the photographs tell their own stories.

There is a plethora of information about the Supper Dance. Preceded by 'walk arounds\" in the 1880s, when the Glee Club was founded in 1888, it hosted a yearly spring concert, which gradually evolved into Spring Dance and Supper Dance. Organized by a student committee, the dance was open to the entire college, with each house hosting its own dance and hired bands. Because Smith women are \"unusually smart as well as unusually attractive, and . . . their hospitality is rightly famous\" according to an article for LIFE magazine, the Supper dance was unusually popular and especially well anticipated by male guests. As their hosts, Smithies paid for their weekend and were allowed to cut in on couples and choose their dance partners. The weekend consisted of Friday classes, dancing lasting the greater part of Saturday with a break for dinner, and Sunday activities. The dance was so famous as to attract photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt of LIFE magazine to take pictures for an article about the Supper Dance in 1937. The Supper Dance continued until the 1940s, probably when wartime took its toll.

From the guide to the Dances and Recreation Files RG 80., 1881-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

The Smith Centennial Study, funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, was a project that President Mendenhall asked Jacqueline Van Voris to undertake in 1970 as an oral history project for Smith College's centennial celebration. Ms. Van Voris dedicated over four years to the project, which culminated with the publication of the book, College: A Smith Mosaic, which she submitted as partial fulfillment of requirements for her MA in Education in 1975. The purpose of the study was to provide a source of information about the importance of education in women's lives. Smith alumnae were interviewed, their observations were recorded on tape and the tapes were transcribed. The interviews were informal conversations conducted in a manner designed to extract pertinent information. The questions were designed to stimulate conversation and to keep the focus on the respondent. Phrasing of the questions encouraged the respondent's frank appraisal of her education. Questions typically asked included: \"Why did you decide to go to Smith? Was it your idea? What was your academic preparation? What courses did you study? What are your remembrances of Smith? What is your general assessment of the education you received? How could college have helped you more? Have your views on education changed over the years since your graduation? Have you ever felt discriminated against because you are a woman?\"

The interviews were conducted and recorded from 1971-74. The book, College: A Smith Mosaic, was published in February, 1975 and lists of respondents were sent to the Directory of Oral History Collections for inclusion in that directory.

From the guide to the Smith Centennial Study Oral History Project RG 12., 1970-75, (Smith College Archives)

The Student Demonstrations files document how Smith College students have expressed their opposition to national and local issues through rallies and protests since 1933. Major events such as the United States' involvement in World War II, presidential elections, and segregation prompted the majority of student demonstrations from the 1930s to 1960s. Issues of the 1980s and 1990s include opposition to the Persian Gulf War, support for Ada Comstock Scholars, as well as rallies to help improve women's safety on college campuses.

The 1986 occupation of College Hall makes up the largest portion of the Student Demonstration files. These folders contain both primary and secondary sources, documenting Smith students' opposition to the Board of Trustees' investment in South African companies that contributed to apartheid.

From the guide to the Student Demonstrations Files RG 80., ca. 1933-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

The idea of a nationally coordinated student strike developed over a period of at least two years of growing tension between the federal administration and minority and student groups who expressed dissatisfaction with the undeclared war in Vietnam, the military draft, and economic consequences of the war. Coordinated by the National Moratorium Committee (organized in June 1969), Moratorium Days held on October 15, 1969 and November 15, 1969 included the suspension of classes, neighborhood canvassing, protest marches and petitions. The third week in March 1970 was proclaimed National Anti-Draft Week. Planned demonstrations were held at local draft board offices, and \"we won't go\" petitions were circulated. In 1970, the Fast for Peace was held on April 13, 14, and 15, as an expression of moral concern about the war. In early May, student opposition intensified with the knowledge of the expansion of the conflict into Cambodia, President Nixon's April 3 announcement of his decision to resume bombing in North Vietnam, and the treatment of dissenters in the United States. On May 4, the day of the killings on the Kent State University campus, \"leaders of the National Student Association and the former Vietnam Moratorium Committee officially called for a nationwide strike of indefinite duration\" (Facts on File 1970, p.299).

At Smith, the Moratorium Days were occasions for student involvement in the local community. Smith students staffed the Green Street Moratorium office, canvassed residents, and coordinated marches down Main Street with the cooperation of local businesses. The first Moratorium Day was October 15, 1969 and was called Work for Peace Day at Smith. Smith's Chaplain the Rev. Richard P. Unsworth participated in a memorial service for Hampshire County veterans held at the Unitarian Church. On the second Moratorium Day, November 15, 1969, a contingent of 250 Smith students and 10 Smith professors attended the march in Washington, D. C to protest the Vietnam War. In Northampton, the weekend of November 15 included a teach-in at Wright Hall, a silent march from Helen Hills Hills Chapel to the center of Northampton and back, and well-attended coffee klatches held in a number of Northampton homes.

A timeline of activities at Smith during the May, 1970 Strike is provided below. During and after the strike, alumnae and friends of the college became involved. On May 30, President Mendenhall announced that his office was receiving 10 letters a day expressing opinions about the strike (tape recording of last Chapel,../../70). Many seminars were repeated during Commencement Weekend for the benefit of alumnae and parents, and a video tape of many of the strike activities was shown. The following organizations formed at Smith due to the strike: the Strike Committee, the Education Committee, the Community Action Committee, Union for National Draft Opposition, Committee on Justice and Repression at Home, Unofficial Committee of Concerned Citizens, Committee on Governance, and the People's Lobby. The activities of the People's Lobby continued beyond the academic year, with students working in Northampton, in Washington D. C., and in their hometown to spread information and coordinate lobbying efforts. Several existing Smith organizations took part in Strike activities; these include: the Student Government Association, the Committee on Educational Policy, the Faculty - Student Committee, and the Young Republican Club.

May 4, 5 p.m.At regularly scheduled all-college meetings, a few students and a professor speak about strike issues, and there is a discussion of race/foreign policy distinction.May 4, 8 p.m.About 30 people opposed to the strike gather in front of Neilson Library. Meanwhile at Paradise pond, Professor Donald Robinson offers a plan for lobbying Congress.May 5About 300 students rally at Davis to hear speeches against U. S. action in Cambodia and in support of Bobby Seale.Smith students vote to strike, 1547 to 437 (12 abstentions).Smith faculty vote to suspend all normal college activities from May 6 to May 10.May 5,ca. 11 p.m.In response to a controversy over whether President Mendenhall had announced the results of the student strike vote at the faculty meeting, students and professors stand outside the President's house in the rain until it is announced that there was a failure of communication and that a faculty meeting will be held the next day.May 6At an all-college meeting, the Sid Waller '70 speech and the BSA speech, both contained in this collection, are delivered.May 7, 4 p.m.The Government Department sponsors a lecture at the J. M. Greene Hall on President Nixon's policy in Cambodia.May 7,5 p.m.A student statement of purpose is read to 15 area clergy and 40 Smith students at a meeting in the Helen Hills Hills Chapel lounge led by the Rev. Richard P. Unsworth and Rabbi Yechiael Lander.May 8, 9 a.m.A memorial service is held in the Helen Hills Hills Chapel for the Kent State dead.May 9Smith students attend a protest march in Washington, D.C.May 10Students from Smith and other area colleges canvass local residents.Black Panther Doug Miranda lectures in the Quad to a group of about 300 people.May 31Commencement exercises bring the Student Strike at Smith College to a close; however, many organizations and students remained active throughout the summer.From the guide to the Student Strike of 1970 Files RG 80., 1968-1971, (Smith College Archives)

Established in 1944, the Southern Mountain Workship was awarded to a graduating senior who was expected to work for nine to ten months in the isolated rural communities of Appalachia with the Conference of Southern Mountain Workers, as well as at two centers run by the CSMW. A stipend was awarded, as well as room and board for the duration of the \"workship.\" The program was administered by a committee made up of Smith College faculty and administrators, in conjunction with the CSMW.

Faculty members of the Southern Mountain Workship Committee included:

Dorothy S. Ainsworth, '1916Stephen T. CraryAlison Cook, 1918Virginia CorwinAlice N. DavisFlorence R. DayNeal B. DeNoodHarriet HitchcockMargaret Alexander MarshMiller, H. (Harriet Zimmerman or Henry Laurence, Jr.)Marie SchneidersGertrude Parker SmithEleanor Lincoln TerryKathering Reding Whitmore

The Southern Mountain Workship award was given to the following students:

1945Betsy Ross Bankart (Sylvester)1946Diana Northrop Lockard (Malan)1947Mary Cabot Holbrook1948Amy Wing1949Mary-Clare Milligan1950Elinor Florence Kuhn1951Elise May Wentworth1952Lee MacMahon/Jane Bishop Nauss1953Sylvia Carstens1954Elizabeth Knowlton Spencer1955none1956Jane Pack Kushner1957Laura Ashton Smith1958Priscilla Ann Baldwin1959Phebe Delight WingFrom the guide to the Southern Mountain Workship Files RG 80., 1944-1960, (Smith College Archives)

\"The origins of Rally Day can be traced to a series of annual celebrations for George Washington's birthday, the first of which was held at Smith College in February 1876. Over time, these celebrations evolved from essentially social dinners or receptions into daylong college events. The addition of a 'rally' to the day in 1894 was eventually reflected in the name Rally Day, first used in 1906. The celebration is now held annually on the third Wednesday in February.

Through the years, students have sponsored and participated in a range of activities: rallies, debates, basketball rivalries, dramatic presentations, singing and dancing. The current tradition of sponsoring an event to benefit a charity began in 1918 when the Rally Day Show was held to raise funds for the Smith College Relief Unit serving in World War I France.

The Smith College Medal has been awarded to outstanding alumnae at Rally Day since 1973. The medalists have become an important part of the program, speaking prior to convocation in classes and afterward in conversations with students.

Dress at Rally Day has evolved as well. In 1944, the senior class began wearing its graduation caps and gowns to the convocation. The day still marks the first time the seniors publicly wear their gowns. In recent years, however, the caps have been replaced by inventive hats of the students' choosing (and sometimes of their own making), in keeping with the 'rallying' and spirited nature of the day.\" (From the Rally Day Convocation Program February 23, 2000)

From the guide to the Rally Day Files RG 80., 1885-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

As an institution Smith College has many traditions, some with history since its inception. One of the earliest special days celebrated at Smith College was Ivy Day. Still celebrated, Ivy Day is a day in which departing seniors plant ivy cuts on the Smith grounds, symbolizing their seed of knowledge, in hopes that it will flourish. Today, cuts are taken from vines around campus and given to first-year students in anticipation of their own Ivy Day celebration.

Many of those traditions include Special Day celebrations for students, staff, faculty, and parents. Included in the Special Days boxes are the Father's Day folders containing programs, POPS! concert programs, photographs, letters, and newspaper clippings. The change from Father's Weekend to Parent's Weekend and then Family Weekend is documented with the information contained in these folders.

Halloween, Thanksgiving, Easter, Float Night are special days included within the folders. And the repertoire of special days continues to grow as Smith College adds new special day traditions to its old ones: Celebration of Sisterhood and Otelia Cromwell Day. Each celebration seeks to acknowledge and diversify, celebrating what is present and what is to come. Smith College, having a history of celebrating, embracing, renewing and creating traditions, will carry several of them into the future and create several more.

From the guide to the Special Days A-Z Files RG 80., 1884-[ongoing], (Smith College Archives)

\"Published when the spirit moves\", Campus Cat was a publication created by Smith students in 1918. Its contents provided information to the campus about going-ons, events, activities, and poked fun at the rituals, trials, and stresses of academia and life on the Smith campus. It was a popular publication, provoking many other related publications such as Freshman Eti-Cat and the Campus Cat-alogue, among others.

The Campus Cat was written by a group of students whose sarcasm and wit are clearly evident in each issue of the publication. It was a highly coveted publication and to be included in the group of Campus Cat writers was to hold a position of prestige. The publication ceased in 1929.

However, in 1949, students brought the Cat back. The Campus Cat was now funded by the college. Each issue, of which there were four a year, was bound in program form. Again, to write for it was to hold a position of prestige. The issues published between 1948 and 1952 were written by the same group of students upon whose graduation, the Cat had lived its second out of nine lives.

From the guide to the Campus Cat Records RG 80., 1918-1952, (Smith College Archives)

The College Hall Occupation Oral History Project was the work of two students enrolled in History 367b, Problems in American History: Autobiography, Biography, and Oral History in Twentieth Century America as taught by Maurice Isserman in spring 1986. The sixteen cassette tapes and two papers were given to the College Archives in the summer and fall of 1986 by the coordinators of the project, Donna Kenny '87 and Maureen Dooley Lawrence '87.

Feb. 20, ThursdayStudent/faculty rally and sit-in encouraging total divestment prior to the spring meeting of the Board of Trustees.Feb. 22, SaturdayTrustees choose not to adopt the divestment proposal set forth by the Senate Ethical Investment Committee.Feb. 24, Monday\"Round-the-clock\" sit-in outside the President's office by circa 200 students and faculty to protest the Trustees' decision.Approximately 90 students spend the night in College Hall.Feb. 25, TuesdayApproximately 150 students join the overnighters and 5:30 a.m. The protesters form human chains to block all entrances to College Hall. Employees are denied entrance to the building.President Dunn refuses to have the protesters arrested.Feb. 26, WednesdayProtesters hold a press conference announcing their position and reading statements of support for the occupation.All-college meeting to discuss South Africa and the occupation of College Hall. Protesters send a group of \"presidential delegates\" to read a statement expressing their conviction that the takeover of College Hall was their only recourse.Feb. 27, ThursdayProtesters agree to negotiate with President Dunn. A small group of protesters begins a hunger strike.Feb. 28, FridayNegotiations continue. Protesters hold a rally and announce the hunger strike to the public.Mar. 1, SaturdayAn agreement is reached between President Dunn, the Board of Trustees, and the protesters.Mar. 2, SundayOccupation ends with a press conference and victory rally. 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Dean of African American historians, John Hope Franklin was born January 2, 1915 in Rentriesville, Oklahoma. His family relocated to Tulsa, Oklahoma shortly after the Tulsa Disaster of 1921. Franklin's mother, Mollie was a teacher and his father, B.C. Franklin was an attorney who handled lawsuits precipitated by the famous Tulsa Race Riot. Graduating from Booker T. Washington High School in 1931, Franklin received an A.B. from Fisk University in 1935 and went on to attend Harvard University, where he received his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees in history.

Franklin began his teaching career at Fisk University before moving on to St. Augustine's College. It was at North Carolina Central University, in 1945, with a $500 advance from Alfred A. Knopf, and help from his wife, Aurelia, that Franklin began writing the classic African American history text, From Slavery to Freedom. The book, co-authored by Alfred A. Moss, Jr. is now in its seventh edition and is published in several different languages. Franklin taught at Howard University for nine years, before becoming the first black to chair the History Department at Brooklyn College in 1956. He was then hired by the University of Chicago in 1964 and chaired the History Department from 1967 to 1970. There, he served as the John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor from 1969 to 1982, when he was made Professor Emeritus. In 1982, Franklin joined the faculty at Duke University as the James B. Duke Professor Emeritus of History.

Active in professional organizations, Franklin has been president of the Southern Historical Society, the Organization of American Historians and the American Historical Association. He is a life long member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, where he served on the editorial board of the Journal of Negro History. In 1997, he was appointed by President Bill Clinton as chairman of the advisory board for One America, the President's Initiative on Race. Franklin has written hundreds of articles and at least 15 books. His recent works include Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantations with Loren Schweninger, George Washington Williams: A Biography and a book about his father My Life and an Era: the Autobiography of Buck Colbert Franklin as well as his own autobiography, The Vintage Years. In 1978 Who's Who in America selected Franklin as one of eight Americans who have made significant contributions to society. Among his many other awards are the Organization of American Historians Award for Outstanding Achievement and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In June 1997, PBS aired First Person Singular: John Hope Franklin, a film produced by Lives and Legacies Films.

Still sought after as a lecturer and advisor, Franklin lives in Durham, North Carolina, where he cultivates orchids.

Franklin was interviewed by The HistoryMakers on November 28, 2003.

Bibliography

Franklin, John Hope. The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790 - 1860. University of North Carolina Press, 1943. ---. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans. Alfred A. Knopf, 1947. Revised 1957, 1967, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1994. ---. The Militant South, 1800 - 1860. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1956. ---. Reconstruction After the Civil War. University of Chicago Press, 1961. ---. The Emancipation Proclamation. Doubleday & Company, 1963. ---. Land of the Free, with John W. Caughey and Ernest R. May. Franklin Publications, Benziger Brothers, 1965. ---. Illustrated History of Black Americans. Time-Life, Inc., 1970. ---. A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Ante-bellum North. Louisiana State University Press, 1976. ---. Racial Equality in America. University of Chicago Press, 1976. ---. George Washington Williams: A Biography. University of Chicago Press, 1985. ---. Race and History: Selected Essays 1938 - 1988. Louisiana State University Press, 1990. ---. The Color Line: Legacy for the Twenty-First Century.. University of Missouri Press, 1993.

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Robert J. Coleman was the long-time director of WKAR, Michigan State University's radio station and an NAEB member station. He was affiliated with WKAR from at least 1935 until 1958, when he retired from Michigan State. During his career, he also served in several leadership positions within NAEB, including on the Board of Directors from 1943-1945, as Vice President from 1946-1947, as Chairman of the NAEB Region III Research Committee in 1953, and as NAEB Treasurer in 1959.

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The University of Kansas (KU) in Lawrence, Douglas County was established in 1864 under constitutional provision. KU is a major comprehensive research and teaching university that serves as a center for learning, scholarship, and creative endeavor. The university is committed to offering the highest quality undergraduate, professional, and graduate programs and offers a broad array of advanced graduate study programs. It fulfills its mission through faculty, academic, and research programs of international distinction and through outstanding libraries, teaching museums, and information technology. KU includes the University of Kansas Medical Center, an integral and unique component of the University of Kansas and the Kansas Board of Regents system. It is composed of the School of Medicine, located in Kansas City and Wichita; the School of Nursing; the School of Allied Health; the University of Kansas Hospital in Kansas City; and a Graduate School. The KU Medical Center is a complex institution whose basic functions include research, education, patient care, and community service involving multiple constituencies at state and national levels. [University of Kansas, \"Statement of Institutional Mission,\" http://www.ku.edu/about/institutional_mission.shtml (accessed 11 March 2009).] [Wilder, Bessie. Governmental Agencies of the State of Kansas, 1861-1956. Lawrence: University of Kansas Publications, 1957.]

From the description of Records of the University of Kansas, 1929 - 2007. (Kansas State Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 692724499

This project originated as part of the course requirements for History 8, United States History, 1865 to the Present, taught by William Juhnke, in an effort to build a data base related to in-migration to Kansas. The collection has since been added to by Mark Rose.

From the guide to the Family History, 1974-77, (University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library Kansas Collection)

During World War II, Camp Concordia at Concordia (Cloud County), Kansas was one of many prisoner of war camps within the United States which housed captured German soldiers. The camp at Concordia was in operation from 1943 to 1945. It was the first and largest Kansas prisoner of war camp, designed to hold over 4,000 prisoners, and included a hospital, water tower, and guard tower. In 1945, a broad curriculum of camp-approved study courses, taught by German-speaking instructors, was offered by the University of Kansas to prisoners at Camp Concordia.

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Harold Dwight Lasswell was a political theorist, author, and professor of law and political science. Lasswell received a Ph.D from the University of Chicago in 1926. From 1939-1946 Lasswell served as director of War Communications Research at the Library of Congress, and from 1946-1970 he taught law and political science at Yale University. In his later career Lasswell became increasingly interested in policy sciences and the Policy Sciences Center in New York City.

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(George Simms), 1921-2005", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recph4uzzXHMJVoZT" }, { "id": "fainsod-merle-1907-1972", "name": "Fainsod, Merle, 1907-1972", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6819677", "name": "Merle Fainsod", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American political scientist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Fainsod", "birthDate": "1907-05-02", "deathDate": "1972-02-11", "deathPlace": "Cambridge", "description": "Merle Fainsod (May 2, 1907 – February 11, 1972) was an American political scientist best known for his work on public administration and as a scholar of the Soviet Union. 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Formerly Carl H. Pforzheimer University Professor and Director of the University Library at Harvard University, Professor Fainsod was the author of \"Government and the American economy\", \"How Russia is ruled\", \"International socialism and the world war\" and other works.

From the description of Papers [manuscript]. 1944-1959. (Libraries Australia). WorldCat record id: 225769354

Fainsod taught government at Harvard and was Director of the Harvard University Library.

From the description of Papers of Merle Fainsod, ca. 1930-1972 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 76973025", "birthDate": "5/2/1907", "deathDate": "2/11/1972", "altNames": [ "Fainsod, Merle, 1907-1972. | How Russia is ruled. 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It is owned by P&Y Broadcasting Corporation. Radio Korea is a division of the Radio Korea Media Group. The station airs Korean–language programming, a blend of talk, news, information, and music for the largest Korean–American community in the United States, and the largest Korean community outside Korea. KMPC is one of four radio stations in the greater Los Angeles area that broadcast entirely in Korean. The others are 1190 KGBN Anaheim, 1230 KYPA Los Angeles and 1650 KFOX Torrance. KMPC broadcasts at 50,000 watts by day, the highest power permitted for commercial AM stations. At night, to reduce interference to other stations on AM 1540, KMPC drops its power to 37,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times. The transmitter is off Carter Drive in the El Sereno district of Los Angeles. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/kmpc-radio-station-los-angeles-ca.jpg", "website": [ "http://www.radiokorea.com/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n90645800" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/149053820" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n90645800" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cc7hs6" ], "placeNames": [ "Los Angeles", "California" ], "airtableId": "recTuBJcuWFI250nj" }, "snac": { "snacId": "51325051", "altNames": [ "KMPC (Radio station : Los Angeles, Calif.)" ], "airtableId": "recIpiV4gXurQkWfK" }, "airtableId": "recpk289FJhgxKdNX" }, { "id": "holmes-presley-d-jr", "name": "Holmes, Presley D., Jr.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q106168552", "name": "Presley Dixon Holmes, Jr.", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American broadcaster", "birthDate": "April 1929", "deathDate": "3 August 2016", "birthPlace": "Illinois", "description": "Presley D. 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Holmes interrupted his pursuit of advanced degrees to work in commercial television in Detroit from 1954 to 1957, on the production staff of WWJ-TV. During the same period, he was a substitute teacher for the Detroit Public Schools. After receiving his Ph.D., Holmes stayed at Wayne State, where he taught speech and public address as an assistant professor from 1959 to 1962. He also directed a Ford Foundation TV Teaching Project from 1960 to 1961, involving videotaping eight complete classroom courses for closed-circuit and broadcast (WTVS) use.\n\nFrom Michigan, Dr. Holmes went to Athens, Ohio to join the Ohio University faculty as assistant professor from 1962 to 1965, and as Director of Broadcasting at WOUB AM-FM-TV and closed-circuit ITV from 1962 to 1970 . From 1966 to 1968, he served as director of the School of Radio-TV, and as an associate professor. 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Presley D. Holmes' formal higher education started at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. In 1950, he obtained his bachelor's degree in Speech, with a minor in English, Social Science and Education. He also received a teaching certificate at the secondary school level. He continued his education at the University of Michigan from 1950 to 1951, where he earned a master's degree in Speech (Radio). After serving in the military as an instructor of U.S. Army Psychological Warfare, from 1951 to 1953, he studied for a year at the University of Paris, Sorbonne, where he was awarded the Degé Annuel, Mention Bien. In 1959, Holmes completed his graduate studies and earned his doctorate in Speech (TV) with a minor in Educational Psychology at Wayne State University in Detroit.

\n

He started his broadcasting career at WHRV, Ann Arbor, while studying at the University of Michigan. Holmes interrupted his pursuit of advanced degrees to work in commercial television in Detroit from 1954 to 1957, on the production staff of WWJ-TV. During the same period, he was a substitute teacher for the Detroit Public Schools. After receiving his Ph.D., Holmes stayed at Wayne State, where he taught speech and public address as an assistant professor from 1959 to 1962. He also directed a Ford Foundation TV Teaching Project from 1960 to 1961, involving videotaping eight complete classroom courses for closed-circuit and broadcast (WTVS) use.

\n

From Michigan, Dr. Holmes went to Athens, Ohio to join the Ohio University faculty as assistant professor from 1962 to 1965, and as Director of Broadcasting at WOUB AM-FM-TV and closed-circuit ITV from 1962 to 1970 . From 1966 to 1968, he served as director of the School of Radio-TV, and as an associate professor. Then, from 1968 to 1970, he was associate dean and tenured full professor in the College of Communication which had undergraduate and graduate programs in four schools: Journalism, Radio-TV, Speech and Hearing Sciences and Interpersonal Communication.

\n

During the early years at Ohio University, from 1962 to 1966, he served the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) as the research editor for the NAEB Journal, later the Educational Broadcasting Review. He also chaired NAEB's Research Committee and Publications Advisory Committee. In addition, he served as a consultant on NAEB's National Project for the Improvement of Televised Instruction as well as the association's ITV Study, Title III, Public Broadcasting Act, 1968 .

\n

In 1970, he joined the NAEB staff in Washington, DC as director of Educational Television Stations division. There, he represented the nationwide PTV stations to Congress, federal agencies and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) . He was a member of the \"six-pack\", which advised CPB on the structure and formation of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) . Among other things he insisted that the 'S' stand for \"service\", not \"system\". His primary responsibility for non-commercial television was developing a plan and draft federal legislation for the long-range financing of public broadcasting and he continued that work as Director of Planning and Research at PBS, after the merger of ETS and PBS in 1973 . His responsibilities there also included system planning for new licensees and development of facilities guidelines, for different types and sizes of stations. From 1974 to 1977, Holmes worked as programming vice president at National Public Radio (NPR) overseeing all program division functions including program production, operations/engineering, development and public information.

\n

From 1977 to 1982, Dr. Holmes taught at the University of Illinois, Chicago as an adjunct professor, in addition to his full-time position as president and chief executive officer of the Chicago Metropolitan Higher Education Council, an interinstitutional cooperative effort to activate an ITV broadcast station. Then, from 1982 to 1987, he was executive director and chief executive officer of the West Virginia Educational Broadcasting Authority, a 3-station public television and an 8-station public radio statewide broadcast service. His final position, from 1987 to 1992, was at Delta College, Michigan, as Director of Broadcasting, general manager of WUCM/WUCX TV/WUCX-FM, and professor of Humanities. He retired in April, 1992.

\n

Throughout his career, Dr. Holmes undertook many consulting projects. From 1964 to 1968, he worked with the Speech Association of America on the Radio-TV-Film Research Papers. Other projects in the sixties included the Appalachian Educational Laboratory in 1967 and the US/AID Teacher Training Project in Kano, Nigeria in 1969. From 1971 to 1974, he assisted the U.S. Office of Education with the Educational Broadcasting Facilities Program. In 1977, he consulted at the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and at the Public Broadcasting Service. In early 1982, he headed a major futures project for the Pennsylvania Public Television Network.

\n

Dr. Holmes also belonged to numerous advisory panels and boards of directors. From 1967 to 1968, he served on the National \"Emmy\" Award Panel of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. He was the first vice president of the newly-formed Central Educational Network as well as treasurer of the Ohio Council on Educational Television Board (1967). He was elected to the National Educational Television (NET) Affiliates Council in 1968. Other board memberships include the Public Service Satellite Consortium Board of Directors from 1975 to 1981, the Illinois Public Broadcasting Council as a charter member of the board of directors starting in 1977, and the Community Advisory Board of WBEZ-Chicago from 1978 to 1979. From 1978 to 1979, Dr. Holmes worked on the Station-College Education Project on Adult Learning, a joint project of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, University of California at San Diego and the University of Mid-America. He also published articles in various journals and textbooks including AV Communication Review and Educational Radio-TV.

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Educator.

From the description of Reminiscences of Raymond Charles Moley : oral history, 1965. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122481645

American political scientist and journalist; adviser to Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1932-1933; United States assistant secretary of state, 1933; editor, Today magazine, 1933-1937; contributing editor, Newsweek, 1937-1968.

From the description of Raymond Moley papers, 1902-1971. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754869712

Assistant United States secretary of state at this time.

From the description of Correspondence with Johan Thorsten Sellin, 1933. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 243693800

Biographical Note

1886, September 27Born, Berea, Ohio1906Ph.B., Baldwin-Wallace College1913A.M., Oberlin College19161919Instructor and Assistant Professor of Politics, Western Reserve University1917Author, Lessons in American Citizenship1918Ph.D., Columbia UniversityAuthor, The State Movement for Efficiency and Economy1919Author, Lessons in DemocracyAuthor, Commercial Recreation19191923Director, Cleveland Foundation1921Author, Parties, Politics and People1922Author, The Cleveland Crime Survey19231928Associate Professor of Government, Columbia University1926Editor and co-author, The Missouri Crime Survey19261927Research Director, New York State Crime Commission19281954Professor of Public Law, Columbia University1929Author, Politics and Criminal Prosecution1930Author, Our Criminal Courts19311933Research Director, Committee on the Administration of Justice, New York State1932Author, Tribunes of the PeopleSpeechwriter and advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt during 1932 Presidential Campaign1933Assistant Secretary of State19331937Editor, Today (magazine)19371968Contributing Editor, Newsweek (magazine)1938Author, Are We Movie-Made?1939Author, After Seven Years1945Author, The Hays Office1949Author, Twenty-Seven Masters of Politics1950Author, Valley Authorities1952Author, How To Keep Our Liberty1955Author, What Price Federal Reclamation1956Co-author, The Upper Colorado Project1958Author, Political Responsibility of Business Men1962Author, The American Century of John C. LincolnAuthor, The Republican Opportunity1966Author, The First New Deal1975Died, Phoenix, ArizonaFrom the guide to the Raymond Moley papers, 1902-1971., (Hoover Institution Archives)", "birthDate": "1886-09-27", "deathDate": "2/18/1975", "altNames": [ "Moley, Raymond, 1886-1975" ], "subjects": [ "Social security", "Presidents--United States--Election--1932", "Newsweek", "Americanization", "Journalism", "Criminology", "Journalism--United States", "Today", "Justice, Administration of", "Justice, Administration of--United States", "Criminology--United States", "Educator--Interviews", "Presidents--Election--1932" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "occupations": [ "Journalists" ], "airtableId": "reclCRK1v09i8YzYp" }, "airtableId": "recpp6k0j8oXQua2D" }, { "id": "krolik-richard", "name": "Krolik, Richard", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recpp9S8MdZXZzqAR" }, { "id": "allen-virginia-f", "name": "Allen, Virginia F.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recppdeWy78wTCw03" }, { "id": "ziembicki-stanislas", "name": "Ziembicki, Stanislas", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recpppIOl3wcmNO3N" }, { "id": "smythe-dallas-w", "name": "Smythe, Dallas W.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1154635", "name": "Dallas Walker Smythe", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American sociologist and economist", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Walker_Smythe", "birthDate": "1907", "deathDate": "1992", "birthPlace": "Regina", "deathPlace": "Langley", "description": "Dallas Walker Smythe (March 9, 1907 – September 6, 1992) was a political activist and researcher who contributed to a political economy of communications. He believed that research should be used to develop knowledge that could be applied to policies in support of public interest and the disenfranchised in the face of private capital. He focused his research on mass media and telecommunications. Some of his main ideas included the \"invisible triangle\" (broadcasters, advertisers and audience members), and the \"audience commodity\". Much of his effort was focused on differentiating between Administrative and Critical Communications research. Dallas Walker Smythe was born in 1907 in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. His father ran a hardware store in Regina, and his mother was a nurse from Caledonia. His parents married in 1906. His father was a Presbyterian, and his mother followed the Church of England. Religion was important in his early childhood. The family didn't follow any particular church, but often read the passages in the New Testament that discussed the ethical principles of Christianity, which held ideas of primitive socialism. 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KFJM (90.7 FM) is a public radio station in Grand Forks, North Dakota airing an adult album alternative format with news in the mornings, jazz in the late evenings and blues and folk on the weekends. It carries programs from NPR and Public Radio International. KFJM shares its coverage area with Minnesota Public Radio outlets KNTN and KQMN, both licensed to Thief River Falls, Minnesota. This makes Grand Forks one of the smallest markets with competing NPR stations. KFJM signed on in 1995 as KFJY on 90.7 MHz. It was the University of North Dakota's third radio station, joining the original KFJM, an AM station dating back to 1923, and KFJM-FM on 89.3 MHz, which had been established in 1976. KFJY simulcast KFJM with an adult album alternative (AAA) format and jazz overnight. During April 1997, both stations went off the air as the floodwaters went through the transmitter site.

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C. Ray Carpenter was research professor of psychology and anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, 1940-1970, and University of Georgia, 1970-1974. He studied primate behavior, produced primate films and videotapes, and researched communication processes. Carpenter died in 1975.

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American historian and editor.

From the description of Address books [manuscript] ca. 1925-1934. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647963645

Historian, biographer, University of Virginia professor.

From the description of Papers of Dumas Malone [manuscript], 1913-1986. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647816236

Professor of History at the University of Virginia; Editor of the \"Dictionary of American biography,\" and biographer of Thomas Jefferson.

From the description of Oral history interview of Dumas Malone by Edmond Fuller [manuscript], March 15, 1977. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647920401

Professor of History at the University of Virginia, editor of the \"Dictionary of American biography,\" and biographer of Thomas Jefferson.

From the description of Oral history interview of Dumas Malone by Charles E. Moran [manuscript], March 24, 1977. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647920394From the description of Oral history interview of Dumas Malone by Raymond C. Bice [manuscript], March 17, 1983. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647920397

Historian.

From the description of Reminiscences of Dumas Malone : oral history, 1954. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309736616

American historian and writer.

From the description of Jefferson the Virginian [manuscript] ca. 1967. 1967. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647957435

Historian of American and Virginia history.

From the description of Address to the Associates of the University of Virginia Library [manuscript], 1972 April 4. (University of Virginia). 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The 20th Commemoration of the Kent State shootings, held in 1990, remains one of the largest-attended of all the annual gatherings. Preparations had begun a few years in advance, culminating in the creation of the May 4 20th Anniversary Commission, at the behest of President Michael Schwartz, in 1989. The Commission's recommendations included the establishment of a platform party and a list of speakers and events. In addition, the May 4 Memorial, designed by Bruno Ast, was formally dedicated at the commemoration on May 4, 1990.

From the description of May 4 20th Commemoration records, 1985-1991 (bulk 1990-1991). (Kent State University). WorldCat record id: 457049209

The Kent State University photo directories were previously known as the Photo Directory and Profiles \"Look Around\" before being known as the New Student Record. These publications were produced from 1967 through 1992 and were under the authority of the Student Government, Office of Advising and Orientation/Inter-Fraternity Council, Kent State Greeks, and most commonly the Orientation Honor Society. These photo directories, similar to yearbooks, were intended for use by incoming freshmen as a means to become acquainted with their fellow peers, university traditions and customs and other general information about Kent State University.

From the guide to the Kent State University New Student Record collection, 1967-1992, (Kent State University Libraries. Special Collections and Archives.)

From the formation of a mustache club in 1926, to the controversial events of May 4, 1970, the Daily Kent Stater has played an integral role in documenting the history of Kent State University. The student-run daily campus newspaper first appeared as the Searchlight on February 25, 1926. Just over five months after its establishment, the Searchlight was replaced by the Kent Stater on July 29, 1926. The newspaper took on its current title as the Daily Kent Stater in December of 1953. Today, the Daily Kent Stater is published Monday through Friday during the regular school year, and weekly on Wednesdays during the summer months. The newspaper also maintains an online edition currently called KentWired.com, published jointly with Kent State University's TV-2.

From the guide to the Daily Kent Stater microfilm collection, 1926-2013, (Kent State University Libraries. Special Collections and Archives.)

The 20th Commemoration of the shootings on May 4, 1970 remains one of the largest attended of all the annual gatherings. Preparations began a few years in advance, culminating in the official creation of the May 4 20th Anniversary Commission, at the behest of President Michael Schwartz, in 1989. Among other obligations, the Commission issued a report with recommendations for the Commemoration. These recommendations included the establishment of a platform party and a list of possible speakers and events for May 4, 1990. In addition, the May 4 Memorial, designed by Bruno Ast, was formally dedicated at the 20th Commemoration on May 4, 1990.

From the guide to the May 4 20th Commemoration records, 1985-1991, 1990-1991, (Kent State University Libraries. Special Collections and Archives.)

The Kent State University student handbooks, commonly referred to as \"K\" books, were produced each academic year from approximately 1928-1970 (exceptions noted) under the authority of Student Council, and later both Student Council and the Publications Policy Committee. These generally pocket-sized guides were intended for use by incoming freshmen as a means of becoming acquainted with university rules, regulations, traditions and customs, activities, campus organizations and other information about life at Kent State University. There are several academic years during which the books were either not published, or if they were published, they are not currently included in this collection. More detail on available dates can be found in the scope and content.

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Director of the University of Iowa radio station, WSUI.

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Financial advisor and civic leader Tamara Harris Robinson was born on August 13, 1967 in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands to Theresita Shelburn Harris and Earl Harris. Robinson graduated from the Philadelphia High School for Girls in 1984, and went on to earn her B.A. degree in economics, with a minor in Spanish, from the University of Pittsburgh in 1988. She then earned her M.B.A. degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1989, and her M.S.W. and E.M.P.A. degrees from New York University in 2012.

From 1990 to 1994, Robinson worked as an associate at Prudential Financial in Newark, New Jersey and Scranton, Pennsylvania. Robinson then became an equity research analyst at Deutsche Bank in 1996. In 1997, she began working at Salomon, Inc. in Hong Kong. Robinson and her then-husband founded the North Jersey Advocates for Education and the Robinson Harris Foundation in 2004, working with the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) to provide scholarships for minority students. Robinson served as president of the North Jersey Advocates for Education from 2003 to 2009. In 2011, Robinson founded the Haramat Group, serving as chief executive officer. Then, in 2013, she founded Tamara Harris LLC, a divorce consultation firm. Robinson became an adjunct professor at New York University's Silver School of Social Work in New York City in 2015.

Robinson was active in various organizations throughout her career as well. From 2008 to 2013, she served as vice chair of the United Negro College Fund board of directors, and as chair of the UNCF's 2012 \"A Mind Is…\" Gala. Robinson also served as an adjunct professor of public child welfare at Montclair State University and as an adjunct instructor of management and organization practice at New York University Silver School of Social Work. She was a member of the National Association of Professional Women, the Studio Museum in Harlem's Global Council, the Apollo Theater's Women's Committee, and the Davis Museum at Wellesley College's Director's Council. Robinson served on the board of trustees at Second Stage Theatre as well.

Robinson has two daughters, Paige Robinson and Simone Robinson.

Tamara Harris Robinson was interviewed byThe HistoryMakerson December 17, 2016.

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The China Medical Board was established in November 1914 as a division of the Rockefeller Foundation to develop modern western medicine in China. The Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) was established in 1017 as part of the CMB's program, designed to be a research center as well as a medical school. Plans to develop a second school were delayed and ultimately abandoned. The Board ceased to be a division of the Foundation in 1927, and the funding if medical projects in Asia was taken over by the Medical Education division of the Foundation. Ownership of the PUMC was given to the China Medical Board of New York, inc., which was created to support the PUMC and/or similar institutions in the Far East or in the United States. A concluding grant of $10 million from the RF to the China Medical Board, inc. was made in 1947.

From the description of China Medical Board Records, 1913-1929. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 154270219

The Consultive Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is a group of governments, foundations and international agencies that seeks to improve the quality and quantity of food production and the standard of living in developing countries. Since 1971 it has supported international agricultural research centers in which scientists work on crops, livestock, and farming systems. The records of the technical advisory group which supports the activities of CGIAR (1971-1980) are also included in this Foundation record group.

The International Center or Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) wsa founded in 1968 by the Rockefeller, Ford, and W.K. Kellogg foundations to work on agricultural systems for the tropics of the Americas, with emphasis not only on crops but also on the animal species that could convert unused grasses and legumes into meat and dairy products.

From the description of Agricultural Institute Development records, 1970-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122578011

The Rockefeller Foundation was established in May 1913 by John D. Rockefeller, by act of the New York State Legislature, \"to promote the well-being of mankind throughout the world\". From its earliest years, several separate organizations and divisions have carried on the Foundation's work in carefully selected fields. In 1913, the International Health Board (originally the International Health Commission) was formed in order to extend the work of the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the Eradicationof Hookworm Disease. The following year, the China Medical Board was established as a division of the Foundation to develop modern western medicine in China; the Board ceased to be a division of the Foundation in 1927. In 1919, a formal Medical Education Division was established to carry outa program of medical education outside the United States. With the 1929 reorganization of the Foundation, the International Health Board was disbanded and an International Health Division was organized. The China Medical Board was established as a separately incorporated institution, and the China Medical Board of the Foundation ceased to exist. The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial was combined with the Foundation and the Spelman Fund of New York was chartered to continue activities of the LSRM which were not absorbed by the Foundation.

The Foundation adopted a program which it largely continues today, which included public health work, the advancement of knowledge in the medical and natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts and humanities.

From the description of Rockefeller Foundation Archives,1910-(1912-1989). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 154270054", "altNames": [ "Rockefeller Foundation" ], "subjects": [ "Public health--Endowments", "Biomedical materials--Research", "Philanthropists", "Medical education--Endowments", "Digital art", "Chemistry--Endowments", "Refugees", "Hospitals", "Industry", "Missions--Educational work", "Economic development", "Vivisection", "Agriculture", "Sexology--Research--Endowments", "Green Revolution", "Endowments", "Mission, foreign", "Electronic Records", "Nursing education--Endowments", "Student unrest", "Endowments--Statistics", "Endowments--Finance", "World War, 1914-1918", "Hospitals--staff--nurses", "Mass media", "Hospital phamacies", "Agriculture--Endowments", "Public health", "Tropical medicine--Endowments", "Biology--Research--Endowments", "Dentistry", "Peking Union Medical College", "Interactive videos", "Education--Endowments", "Biology--Endowments", "Labor and laboring classes", "Communication", "Artists", "Trade schools", "Medical education", "War relief--20th century", "Real property" ], "placeNames": [ "Central America", "Asia", "Europe", "United States", "China", "Canada", "New York (State)", "Mexico", "Africa", "South America" ], "airtableId": "rec1QQRzKChzytbvS" }, "airtableId": "recsNSzbvmBa5aUd9" }, { "id": "hallman-eugene-s", "name": "Hallman, Eugene S.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recsO2GNUrEbuHNd2" }, { "id": "wusc", "name": "WUSC", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recsPuulGaARnProO" }, { "id": "rapaport-emanuel", "name": "Rapaport, Emanuel", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recsQCa0eSEpgg96H" }, { "id": "day-clarence-1874-1935", "name": "Day, Clarence, 1874-1935", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recsQKwsvavHe569t" }, { "id": "papp-frank-1909-1996", "name": "Papp, Frank, 1909-1996", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q107621681", "name": "Frank Papp", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio producer for the National Association of Educational Broadcasters", "birthDate": "1909", "deathDate": "1996", "employer": [ "National Association of Educational Broadcasters" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2009155061" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6r89732" ], "airtableId": "rec9d3haZ4j37tANY" }, "airtableId": "recsRH9O21b2OzXaC" }, { "id": "snyder-jim", "name": "Snyder, Jim", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recsRrevQAtDo0xlW" }, { "id": "keaton-tom", "name": "Keaton, Tom", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recsSEi7w86mXT7fr" }, { "id": "farago-ladislas", "name": "Farago, Ladislas", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recsSgX0lyUou4Yqz" }, { "id": "weta-radiotelevision-station-arlington-va", "name": "WETA (Radio/television station : Arlington, Va.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7949066", "name": "WETA", "wikidataLabelDescription": "classical music public radio station in Washington, D.C.", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WETA_(FM)", "inceptionDate": "December 31, 1969", "description": "WETA (90.9 FM) is a non-commercial, public FM radio station licensed to serve Washington, DC, broadcasting a classical music format. Its studios are located in Arlington, Virginia and its broadcast tower is located near Arlington at (38°53′30.0″N 77°07′54.0″W / 38.891667°N 77.131667°W / 38.891667; -77.131667). WETA is a grandfathered “superpower” station. The station covers the Washington metropolitan area with the highest analog effective radiated power (ERP) of any FM station in the market with 75,000 watts. This exceeds the maximum analog ERP limit allowed for a Class B FM station, and is also above the maximum allowable analog ERP for the station's antenna height above average terrain (HAAT) according to current FCC rules, which is 32,000 watts at 186 meters. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/weta-radiotelevision-station-arlington-va.png", "website": [ "http://www.weta.org/fm/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no88001746" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/132801198" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no88001746" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6741pzk" ], "placeNames": [ "Washington, D.C." ], "airtableId": "recKU9ervFeKnQgFc" }, "snac": { "snacId": "54380021", "description": "

WETA (90.9 FM) is a non-commercial, public FM radio station licensed to serve Washington, DC, broadcasting a classical music format. Its studios are located in Arlington, Virginia and its broadcast tower is located near Arlington at (38°53′30.0″N 77°07′54.0″W / 38.891667°N 77.131667°W / 38.891667; -77.131667). WETA is a grandfathered “superpower” station. The station covers the Washington metropolitan area with the highest analog effective radiated power (ERP) of any FM station in the market with 75,000 watts. This exceeds the maximum analog ERP limit allowed for a Class B FM station, and is also above the maximum allowable analog ERP for the station's antenna height above average terrain (HAAT) according to current FCC rules, which is 32,000 watts at 186 meters.

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Gilbert Vivian Seldes, author, journalist, drama critic, editor and director of TV for the Columbia Broadcasting System. Attended Harvard (1914), was a war correspondent, editor of The Dial 1920-1923. Wrote numerous books on topics of the times: the depression, contemporary America, the movies, and prohibition and also wrote detectice stories under the name of John Forbes. An early director of TV for the Columbia Broadcasting Company. Brother of George Seldes.

Lola Kovener, autograph seeker.

From the description of Letters to Lola Kovener, 1937 Feb. 22, 1938 July 29. (University of Virginia). 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(Harry Estill)", "Moore, Harry Estill", "Harry Estill Moore", "Harry Moore" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb97058725" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/279469682" ], "worldcat": [ "https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nb97058725" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nj164w" ], "airtableId": "recxiigHxlZzSyHHi" }, "snac": { "snacId": "14534443", "description": "

Harry Estill Moore (1897-1966) taught sociology at the University of Texas at Austin for nearly thirty years. Topics of his scholarly work included regionalism, education, mass communication, and responses to disasters. Moore, who was born in Louisiana, earned his undergraduate and masters degrees from the University of Texas, and his doctorate from the University of North Carolina, as did his wife, Bernice Milburn Moore. In addition to teaching at the University of Texas (1937-1966), Harry Estill Moore was coordinator of the Southwest Cooperative Program in Educational Administration (1950-1955) and editor of the Southwestern Social Science Quarterly (1956-1966).

From the guide to the Harry Estill Moore Papers, 1915-1977, (Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin)", "altNames": [ "Moore, Harry E. (Harry Estill)" ], "airtableId": "rec2UrwHN0wdHNVW5" }, "airtableId": "rect8ZCugf5Bq8Tnd" }, { "id": "mcclure-john", "name": "McClure, John", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "rect8lCeNdpioBUwf" }, { "id": "antheil-george", "name": "Antheil, George", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q137739", "name": "George Antheil", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American avant-garde composer, pianist, author and inventor", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Antheil", "birthDate": "1900-07-08T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1959-02-12T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Trenton", "deathPlace": "New York City", "description": "George Antheil (/ˈæntaɪl/; July 8, 1900 – February 12, 1959) was an American avant-garde composer, pianist, author, and inventor whose modernist musical compositions explored the modern sounds – musical, industrial, and mechanical – of the early 20th century. Spending much of the 1920s in Europe, Antheil returned to the US in the 1930s, and thereafter spent much of his time composing music for films, and eventually, television. As a result of this work, his style became more tonal. A man of diverse interests and talents, Antheil was constantly reinventing himself. He wrote magazine articles (one accurately predicted the development and outcome of World War II), an autobiography, a mystery novel, and newspaper and music columns. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/antheil-george.jpg", "occupation": [ "composer", "pianist", "film score composer", "inventor" ], "fieldOfWork": [ "composer" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80004366" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/5120859" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80004366" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64t6jc5" ], "placeNames": [ "United States", "Oregon", "New Jersey", "France--Paris" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "composition-music", "title": "Composition (Music)" }, { "id": "music", "title": "Music" }, { "id": "composers", "title": "Composers" }, { "id": "opera", "title": "Opera" }, { "id": "piano-music", "title": "Piano music" }, { "id": "endocrinology", "title": "Endocrinology" }, { "id": "orchestral-music", "title": "Orchestral music" }, { "id": "ballet", "title": "Ballet" } ], "airtableId": "recYJSSxctIeDQeWK" }, "snac": { "snacId": "71840435", "description": "

George Antheil, 1900-1959, composer of ultramodern music in the 1920's, prominent in the Parisian literary and artistic avant-garde of the period; subsequently composer of film scores in Hollywood as well as orchestral works and ballets; after 1939 composing in a more traditional style.

From the description of George Antheil papers, 1919-1959. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 460879070

Composer.

From the description of An explanation of my evolution since 1924, 1927 Dec. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 643089921From the description of George Antheil autograph postcard to Mabel and Bob Schirmer, 1931. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 643089914From the description of Papers, 1925-1938. (Indiana University). WorldCat record id: 36165849

American composer.

From the description of George Antheil letter to Pierre Monteux, 1949 Jan. 6. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597682From the description of George Antheil autograph letter to David Sackson, 1948 Nov. 29. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597661From the description of George Antheil letter to Johnny Green, 1955 Sept. 25. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597667From the description of George Antheil letter to David Sackson, 1948 Dec. 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597677From the description of George Antheil letter to Pierre Monteux, 1948 Sept. 13. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597658From the description of George Antheil letter to Johnny Green, 1954 Feb. 22. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597672From the description of George Antheil autograph letter to Pierre Monteux, 1946 Mar. 1. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597654From the description of George Antheil letter to David Sackson, 1952 Nov. 5. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 502306258From the description of George Antheil letter to Johnny Green, 1955 May 28. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 503597675From the description of Materials relating to \"Ballet mecanique,\" 1925-1971. (Getty Research Institute). WorldCat record id: 122394278

George Antheil was born in Trenton, New Jersey, and studied music with Constantin von Sternberg, Ernest Bloch, and with Clark Smith at the Philadelphia Conservatory. He established a reputation in Europe as a concert pianist and composed music for ballet, opera, orchestra, piano, and voice. He composed film scores and wrote an autobiography, Bad boy of music (1945).

From the description of George Antheil letter to Allen Churchill, 1936 Oct. 26. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 61387438

George Antheil (b. July 8, 1900 in Trenton, New Jersey; d. February 12, 1959 in New York City) was a composer, pianist, author and inventor. He first gained fame and notoriety in the 1920s for his mechanistic compositions. As the self-proclaimed \"bad boy of music,\" he enjoyed an avant-garde reputation and strove to be in the vanguard of artistic development in both his music and writings about music. He composed orchestral works, chamber pieces, ballets, operas, and film and television scores. In later years, Antheil's music evolved from the avant-garde to a more personal idiom that is far less well-known. Böske Antheil was a writer and wife of George Antheil.

From the description of George and Böske Antheil papers, 1875-1984 (bulk 1920-1958). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 658833375From the description of George and Böske Antheil papers, 1875-1984 (bulk 1920-1958). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 643779250

American composer and pianist of German descent.

From the description of Typewritten letter signed, dated : Hollywood, Ca., 24 February 1944, to [Nikolay] Malko, 1944, 24 February. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270680604From the description of Typewritten letter signed, dated : Hollywood, 25 August 1955, to Johnny [Green], 1955 Aug. 25. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270873948

Composed 1939 but not performed at the World's Fair. Presumed lost until 1939, when holograph and autograph ms. discovered at the Fleisher Collection. First performance Carnegie Hall, New York, 29 October 1995, American Composers Orchestra, Paul Lustig Dunkel conductor [without film or narration].--Cf. Fleisher Collection.

From the description of Music to a World's Fair film for World's Communications Building / Antheil. 1939. (Franklin & Marshall College). WorldCat record id: 42695180

George Antheil was an American composer.

From the description of Antheil articles in Modern Music, 1935-1939. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122486682From the description of Correspondence between George Antheil and the American Federation of Musicians, 1957 June 28-July 10. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122314292From the description of The American composer's heritage / George Antheil. 1954-1955. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122314285From the description of TLS, 1930 Mar 20, Vienna, Austria, to Mr. Hill. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122431388From the description of [Bad boy of music. Selections / George Antheil]. [before 1945] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122378832From the description of Music in America / by George Antheil. [1938?] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 86164367From the description of Articles (early), Trenton, Berlin, Paris / George Antheil. [19--] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 144652512From the description of Instructions for my system of orchestral indication / by George Antheil. 1957. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 144652535From the description of Notes on compositions, ca. 1923-ca. 1947. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 144652511From the description of Regie book to Transatlantic / [George Antheil]. [1930?] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122517772From the description of [Article on sonata form / George Antheil]. [19--] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122534881From the description of [Poems] / George Antheil. [19--] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122534887From the description of The musical score to The pride and the passion / George Antheil. 1957. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122687197From the description of Antheil articles in various periodicals, 1923-1957. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122576303From the description of George Antheil notebook, [1953?]. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122580968From the description of Volpone revision discussions : Saturday April 12 onwards, for Alfred Perry and ourselves / George Antheil. 1952 April 12-May 12. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122576322From the description of Composing a modern opera / George Antheil. [19--] (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122580937From the description of Fulbright correspondence, 1951-1955. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122576324From the guide to the TLS, Vienna, Austria, to Mr. Hill, 1930 Mar 20, (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

George Antheil was an American composer. In the 1920's he was involved in the avant-garde scene in Paris and composed ultra-modern music, then wrote more accessible operas and orchestral works, and finally moved to Hollywood and composed film scores while continuing his other composition. He was the author of the autographical Bad Boy of Music.

From the description of George Antheil papers, 1912-1959. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122517967From the guide to the George Antheil papers, 1912-1959, (The New York Public Library. Music Division.)

Antheil was born on June 8, 1900, in Trenton, NJ; he began piano lessons at age six and later studied composition under Ernest Bloch from 1919-21; after a successful tour of Europe as a concert pianist in the early 1920s he took up residence in Paris, and began composing, using jazz rhythms and mechanical devices in symphonic music; his most famous work, Ballet mécanique (1924), intended as an accompaniment to the experimental Fernand Leger film of that name, is a score that calls for such unorthodox instruments as mechanical pianos, airplane propellers, and electric bells; his opera Transatlantic (1927-28) was staged in Frankfurt in 1930; from 1929-33 he divided his time between Europe and the US, solidifying a fundamentally American style, using a synthesis of American folk-like material that appears in almost all of his later compositions; returning permanently to the US in 1933, he continued to write for musical theater and wrote ballet scores for George Balanchine and Martha Graham; he began composing for Hollywood films in 1935 while continuing his work for the concert hall and settled in Hollywood in 1936; in the 1940s, he embraced a new romantic spirit in his music, especially in his successful symphonies no. 4 & 5; wrote a set 4 operas in the early 1950s; died in New York on Feb. 12, 1959.

From the description of Motion picture and television music collection, 1936-1957. (University of California, Los Angeles). WorldCat record id: 39526257

George Antheil, American composer and pianist.

Opera, composed 1949-1952. First performed 1953.

From the description of Volpone : a comic opera in three acts / by George Antheil ; libretto by Alfred Perry ; freely adapted from Ben Jonson's play Volpone. [1953?] (Yale University). WorldCat record id: 599250748

George Antheil (b. July 8, 1900 in Trenton, New Jersey; d. February 12, 1959, New York City) was a composer, pianist, author and inventor. He first gained fame and notoriety in the 1920s for his mechanistic compositions. As the self-proclaimed \"bad boy of music,\" he enjoyed an avant-garde reputation and strove to be in the vanguard of artistic development in both his music and writings about music. He composed orchestral works, chamber pieces, ballets, operas, and film and television scores. In later years, Antheil's music evolved from the avant-garde to a more personal idiom that is far less well-known.

Mary Louise Curtis Bok (b. August 6,1876 in Boston; d. January 4, 1970 in Philadelphia) was founder of the Curtis Institute of Music and served as patron to composer George Antheil throughout much of his career. Antheil first made the acquaintance of Bok in 1921 through former theory and composition teacher Constantin von Sternberg. Despite her generous financial support, Bok was not, as she wrote in a letter to Antheil dated April 13, 1931, \"in sympathy with the so-called modern trend,\" and generally disapproved of Antheil's music. Antheil dedicated a number of his musical works to Bok, including Night piece, Six little pieces for string quartet, and Symphonie in Fa. She was married to Edward W. Bok, editor of Ladies' home journal, until his death in 1930. In 1943, she married violinist Efrem Zimbalist then director of the Curtis Institute.

From the description of George Antheil correspondence with Mary Louise Curtis Bok, 1921-1940. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 651155332

George Antheil (b. July 8, 1900 in Trenton, New Jersey; d. February 12, 1959, New York City) was a composer, pianist, author and inventor. He first gained fame and notoriety in the 1920s for his mechanistic compositions. As the self-proclaimed \"bad boy of music,\" he enjoyed an avant-garde reputation and strove to be in the vanguard of artistic development in both his music and writings about music. He composed orchestral works, chamber pieces, ballets, operas, and film and television scores. In later years, Antheil's music evolved from the avant-garde to a more personal idiom that is far less well known.

Little is known about George Antheil's relationship with Stanley Hart (dates unknown), a writer and lecturer in fine arts at Columbia University during the 1920s. Hart was a childhood friend of Antheil's who lived in Trenton, New Jersey and New York City throughout the decade in which they exchanged letters.

From the description of George Antheil correspondence to Stanley Hart, 1919-1931 (bulk 1922-1923). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 651155334

Biographical Note

Mary Louise Curtis Bok, founder of the Curtis Institute of Music, served as patron to George Antheil throughout much of his career. Antheil first made the acquaintance of Bok in 1921 through former theory and composition teacher Constantin von Sternberg. Despite her generous financial support, Bok was not, as she wrote in a letter to Antheil dated April 13, 1931, \"in sympathy with the so-called modern trend,\" and generally disapproved of Antheil's music. Antheil dedicated a number of his musical works to Bok, including Night Piece, Six Little Pieces for String Quartet, and Symphonie in Fa .

From the guide to the George Antheil Correspondence with Mary Louise Curtis Bok, 1921-1940, (Music Division Library of Congress)

Biographical Note

Entries refer to the activities of George Antheil unless otherwise specified.

1900 July 8Born, Trenton, New Jersey1906Begins piano studies1916Begins studies in music theory and composition with Constantin von Sternberg in Philadelphia1919Begins studies in composition with Ernest Bloch in New York City1920Begins work on Symphony No. 11921Meets Mary Louise Curtis Bok, who acts as his benefactress for nineteen years1922Embarks on European concert tour with stops in Budapest, Dresden, Munich, Vienna, and Berlin1922Meets Igor Stravinsky1923Moves to Paris, where he lives above Silvia Beach's bookshop Shakespeare and Company1925First private performance of Ballet Mécanique is held at the Maison Pleyel1925 November 4Marries Böske Markus in Budapest1926 June 19First public performance of Ballet Mécanique at the Champs Elysées Theatre, with Vladimir Golschmann conducting1927 April 10American premiere of Ballet Mécanique at Carnegie Hall, produced by Donald Friede, with backdrops by Joseph Mullen1928Moves to Vienna to work on Transatlantic (originally titled Glare)1930 May 25Premiere of Transatlantic in Frankfurt1933Returns to the United States1934 February 28First performance of Helen Retires at Juilliard School of Music1935First synchronized film scores produced, including The Scoundrel and Once in a Blue Moon1936Antheil family settles in Hollywood, California1937 June 8Son Peter born in Los Angeles1940sWrites numerous articles for Esquire and other publications on various topics, including music, romance, endocrinology, and World War II, while also composing film scores1944 February 13Premiere of Symphony No. 4 by the NBC Symphony Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski1945Publication of autobiography, Bad Boy of Music1953 December 27Stage premiere of Capitol of the World at the Metropolitan Opera House, with choreography by Eugene Loring1959 February 12Dies of a heart attack in New York CityFrom the guide to the George and Böske Antheil Papers, circa 1875-1984, (bulk 1920-1958), (Music Division Library of Congress)

Biographical Note

Little is known about George Antheil's relationship with Stanley Hart (dates unknown), a writer and lecturer in fine arts at Columbia University during the 1920s. Hart was a childhood friend of Antheil's who lived in Trenton, New Jersey and New York City throughout the decade in which they exchanged letters.

From the guide to the George Antheil Correspondence to Stanley Hart, 1919-1931, (bulk 1922-1923), (Music Division Library of Congress)

Biographical Note

Antheil was born on June 8, 1900, in Trenton, NJ; he began piano lessons at age six and later studied composition under Ernest Bloch from 1919-21; after a successful tour of Europe as a concert pianist in the early 1920s he took up residence in Paris, and began composing, using jazz rhythms and mechanical devices in symphonic music; his most famous work, Ballet mTcanique (1924), intended as an accompaniment to the experimental Fernand Leger film of that name, is a score that calls for such unorthodox instruments as mechanical pianos, airplane propellers, and electric bells; his opera Transatlantic (1927-28) was staged in Frankfurt in 1930; from 1929-33 he divided his time between Europe and the US, solidifying a fundamentally American style, using a synthesis of American folk-like material that appears in almost all of his later compositions; returning permanently to the US in 1933, he continued to write for musical theater and wrote ballet scores for George Balanchine and Martha Graham; he began composing for Hollywood films in 1935 while continuing his work for the concert hall and settled in Hollywood in 1936; in the 1940s, he embraced a new romantic spirit in his music, especially in his successful symphonies no. 4 & 5; wrote a set 4 operas in the early 1950s; died in New York on Feb. 12, 1959.

From the guide to the George Antheil Motion Picture and Television Music Collection, 1936-1957, (University of California, Los Angeles. Library. University of California, Library Special Collections)

George Antheil was born on July 8, 1900 in Trenton, New Jersey. His parents were Henry William and Wilhelmine Huse Antheil. Although Antheil claimed to be of Polish descent, he was actually German and grew up speaking both German and English. He attended Trenton Central High School, but there is no indication that he graduated. Antheil studied piano lessons at an early age and in 1919 began to study with Constantin Ivanovich Edler von Sternberg at the Sternberg School of Music. He also briefly studied piano at the Settlement Music School. In his autobiography, Bad Boy of Music, Antheil claimed to have been a student alternately at the Curtis Institute of Music and what he refers to as the \"Curtis Settlement School,\" which did not exist. Both of these statements were untrue.

Antheil traveled around Europe as a concert pianist playing \"modern music\" as well as his own compositions. Antheil became friends with many of the important intellectuals of that time, including Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, and Ezra Pound. During this time, and for quite a few years after, Antheil was financially subsidized by Mary Louise Curtis Bok (who founded the Curtis Institute of Music). While in Europe, Antheil met a student named Böski Marcus from Hungary. They married in 1925. Antheil's best known piece during the 1920s was a composition entitled Ballet Mécanique scored for piano and percussion. The American premiere of this piece was deemed a failure and Antheil's reputation was never the same.

In the 1930s, Antheil moved to California and concentrated on writing film scores for such directors as Man Ray and Cecil B. DeMille. He continued to compose symphonies during this time. His 1953 opera, Volpone, opened to mixed reviews, but Antheil continued to write.

In addition to composing, George Antheil was interested in writing in general. He was a music critic, contributed columns to Esqure and other periodicals, and wrote two detective novels based on his hobby of studying glandular endocrinology. His autobiography, Bad Boy of Music, was a bestseller. Antheil is also credited to co-inventing (with Hedy Lamarr) a torpedo guidance system.

George Antheil died of a heart attack in 1959.

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Publisher; Madison, Wisconsin.

From the description of Don Anderson papers concerning John Steuart Curry, 1942-1973. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122333416From the description of Don Anderson papers relating to John Steuart Curry, 1942-1973. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 710017990

Ann Arbor, Mich., disability rights activist; disability rights and education coordinator of the Ann Arbor Center for Independent Living.

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American anthropologist.

From the description of Letter 1968 June 12. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 38156541

Anthropologist.

From the description of Collection re Margaret Mead, 1978-1979. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71131863

Anthropologist, author, and educator.

From the description of Margaret Mead papers and South Pacific Ethnographic Archives, 1838-1996 (bulk 1911-1978). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71068917

Margaret Mead was an anthropologist.

From the guide to the An Anthropologist at work: writings of Ruth Benedict / by Margaret Mead, n.d., (American Philosophical Society)

Mead was a cousin to Mildred Howells (daughter of William Dean Howells) on one side of the family as well as being a cousin to Van Wyck Brooks on the other.

From the description of Correspondence to Van Wyck Brooks, [between 1959 and 1963]. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 181759160

Anthropologist, ethnologist.

Margaret Mead was Curator Emeritus of Ethnology in the Dept. of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History and Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Columbia University.

Anthropologist.

Gregory Bateson lived from 1904 to 1980.

From the description of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson: Analysis of Balinese togogs (carvings), [ca. 1930]-1941. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 155511831

One of the world's foremost anthropologists.

Taught at Fordham, Columbia and other universities; made many expeditions to the South Pacific; authored hundreds of articles and more than a score of books; curator of the American Museum of Natural History.

From the description of Film collection for the teaching of anthropology, 1939-1978. (Hampshire College). WorldCat record id: 18062122

Biographical Note

1901, Dec. 16Born, Philadelphia, Pa.19191920Attended DePauw University, Greencastle, Ind.1923B.A., Barnard College, New York, N.Y.Married Luther Sheeleigh Cressman (divorced 1928)1924M.A., psychology, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.19251926Field trip to American Samoa as a National Research Council fellow for the study of adolescent girlsAssociate, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii19261969Assistant curator (1926), associate curator (1942), and curator (1964-1969) of ethnology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N.Y.; retired in 1969 as curator emeritus1928Married Reo Fortune (divorced 1935)19281929Field trip to Manus, Admiralty Islands, with Reo Fortune, as a fellow of the Social Science Research Council for a study of young children1929Ph. D., anthropology, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.1930Field trip with Reo Fortune to study the Omaha Indians19311933Field trip to New Guinea with Reo Fortune to study the Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli people1936Married Gregory Bateson (divorced 1950)19361939Field expedition with Gregory Bateson to Bali and New Guinea to study the Iatmul people1939Birth of daughter, Mary Catherine Bateson19391941Visiting lecturer in child study, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.19421945Executive secretary, Committee on Food Habits, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.19471951Lecturer, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.19481950Director, Columbia University Research in Contemporary Cultures, New York, N.Y.1953Field trip to Manus, Admiralty Islands, with Theodore and Lenora Schwartz1954Adjunct professor of anthropology, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.19551962Member, Board of Directors of the American Association for the Advancement of Science19561957President, World Federation for Mental Health1957Recipient, Viking Medal in General Anthropology, Wenner Gren Foundation19571958Returned to Bali with Ken Heyman19571978Visiting professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio1960President, American Anthropological Association19611978Wrote regular feature for Redbook magazine with Rhoda Bubendey Métraux19641965Field visits to Manus, Admiralty Islands19661968Chairperson, Committee on Science in the Promotion of Human Welfare, American Association for the Advancement of Science1967Field visits to Manus, Admiralty Islands, to make the film \"New Guinea Journal\" and to New Guinea to consult with Rhoda Bubendey Métraux on the Iatmul peopleHelped establish Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, N.Y.1969Received William Proctor Prize for Scientific Achievement, Scientific Research Society19691971Professor of Anthropology, Fordham University, New York, N.Y.1971Field visits to Manus, Admiralty Islands, and to New Guinea and SamoaReceived Arches of Science Award, Pacific Science Center; Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science, UNESCO and the Government of India; and Joseph Priestley Award, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa.1972Chairperson, advisory committee to the U.S. delegation to the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological SciencesCo-chairperson, U.S. Task Force on the Future of Mankind and the Role of the Churches in a World of Science-based TechnologyMember, organizing committee for the IXth International Congress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Chicago, Ill.President, Scientists' Institute on Public Information and the Society for General Systems ResearchSpecial guest of secretary general, United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, Sweden1973Field visit to study the Arapesh people at Hoskins Bay, New Britain1975President, American Assocation for the Advancement of ScienceField visit to Manus, Admiralty IslandsMember, National Academy of Sciences1977Field visit to Bali1978, Nov. 15Died, New York, N.Y.From the guide to the Margaret Mead Papers and the South Pacific Ethnographic Archives, 1838-1996, (bulk 1911-1978), (Manuscript Division Library of Congress)", "birthDate": "12/16/1901", "deathDate": "11/15/1978", "altNames": [ "Mead, Margaret, 1901-1978" ], "subjects": [ "Population", "Technology and civilization", "Culture", "Anthropology--Sepik River Valley (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea)", "Omaha Indians", "Human settlements", "Ethnology--Papua New Guinea--Admiralty Islands", "Ethnology--American Samoa", "Balinese (Indonesian people)", "Samoans", "Anthropology--Papua New Guinea--Admiralty Islands", "Anthropology--American Samoa", "Peace", "Cybernetics", "Ethnology--Sepik River Valley (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea)", "Anthropology--Great Plains", "Ethnology--Indonesia--Bali", "World War, 1939-1945", "Wood carving", "Anthropology--Study and teaching--Audio-visual aids", 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KFDY was the South Dakota State College (now South Dakota State University) radio station and a member of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. It was founded on April 23, 1923 in Brookings, South Dakota, and in its early years, had a focus primarily on agriculture-related programs. In 1936, it was producing about 39 programs per week, about 70% of which were educational and 30% of which were entertainment. Also in 1936, about 40% of its total programs were music, 40% were speaking, 10% were dramatics, and 10% were miscellaneous. At the time, it was one of the best-equipped radio stations in South Dakota in terms of technological infrastructure. In a 1938 Pictorial Review of NAEB member stations, the following 'Ten Outstanding Programs of KFDY' are listed:

\n
\nWeekly Soil Conservation Broadcasts
\nAgricultural Question Box
\n4-H Club Weekly Broadcast
\nHome Management Specialist
\nHome Extension Agent Leader
\nPlay Awhile
\nNutrition Specialist
\nIn the Day’s News
\nWeekly Organ Broadcasts
\nVocational Problems
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BIOGHIST REQUIRED Alvin (1928- ) and Heidi Toffler, authors and futurists.

From the guide to the Alvin and Heidi TofflerPapers, 1955-1984, (Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library, )

Alvin (1928- ) and Heidi Toffler, authors and futurists.

From the description of Alvin and Heidi Toffler Papers, 1955-1984. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309768882", "birthDate": "10/4/1928", "altNames": [ "Toffler, Alvin" ], "subjects": [ "Civilization, Modern--1950-", "Social change", "Social history--1945-" ], "occupations": [ "Authors, American--20th century" ], "airtableId": "rec7TMOqvoc5Vm3qq" }, "airtableId": "rectr4dOTP3nGwKQF" }, { "id": "tyler-ralph-w-ralph-winfred-1902-1994", "name": "Tyler, Ralph W. (Ralph Winfred), 1902-1994", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7288216", "name": "Ralph W. Tyler", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American educator", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_W._Tyler", "birthDate": "1902-04-22T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1994-02-18T00:00:00Z", "description": "Ralph W. Tyler (1902–1994) was an American educator who worked in the field of assessment and evaluation. He served on or advised a number of bodies that set guidelines for the expenditure of federal funds and influenced the underlying policy of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Tyler chaired the committee that developed the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). He has been called by some as \"the father of educational evaluation and assessment\". Tyler was born on April 22, 1902, in Chicago to a professional family. His maternal grandfather was in the Civil War and had been appointed as a judge in Washington by president Ulysses S. Grant. His father, William Augustus Tyler, had been raised in a farm, and had become a doctor. Deeply religious, there came a time when both of Tyler's parents thought that the medical profession was too lucrative and that they should realign their priorities, at which point his father became a Congregational minister. As the sixth of eight children, Tyler grew up in Nebraska where he recalled having to trap animals for food and wear donated clothing. He worked at various jobs while growing up, including his first job at age twelve in a creamery. ", "occupation": [ "designer", "educator" ], "memberOf": [ "American Academy of Arts and Sciences" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80015402" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/32129577" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80015402" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6jq1f2p" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "education", "title": "Education" } ], "airtableId": "recmEqBDJFI2FLW86" }, "snac": { "snacId": "73207418", "description": "

Educator and university administrator. A.B., Doane College, 1921. A.M., University of Nebraska, 1923. Ph. D. University of Chicago, 1927. Professor of education, University of Chicago, 1938-1953. Chairman, Department of Education, University of Chicago, 1938-1948. University Examiner, University of Chicago, 1948-1953. Dean, Division of Social Sciences, University of Chicago, 1948-1953. Director, Center for Advanced Study of the Behavioral Sciences, 1953-1967.

From the description of Papers, 1932-1988 (inclusive). (University of Chicago Library). WorldCat record id: 52246292

Educator.

From the description of Reminiscences of Ralph Winfred Tyler: oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 269253117From the description of Reminiscences of Ralph Tyler: oral history, 1983. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 269253099

Ralph W. Tyler was born in Chicago, IL on April 22, 1902, the son of Reverend William A. Tyler. He earned his BA at Doane University in Nebraska and his Master's degree in 1923 at the University of Nebraska. Tyler's Ph.D. was granted by the University of Chicago in 1927. After teaching at the University of Nebraska (1922-1927) and the University of North Carolina (1927-1929), Tyler moved to Ohio State University as Professor of Education and Research Associate of the Bureau of Educational Research (1929-1938).

Tyler specialized in measuring the application of education. Before arriving at the University of Chicago he led \"the eight year study\" which measured to what degree students absorbed information given to them by their teachers. The study showed that children learned best at their own pace and students best retained information compounded by experience. This program led to national testing for pre-college students.

When Tyler met with the President of the University of Chicago to recommend methods for testing applicants, the thirty five year old professor held a reputation as a progressive educator who smoked cigars constantly and raced cars against trains. Although University of Chicago president Robert Hutchins believed in classical education, in 1938 he risked hiring Tyler as the Chief Examiner and Director of the Board of Examinations, Professor of Education, and Chair of the Department of Education. Tyler accepted and moved to Chicago with his entire testing staff.

Tyler became acting Dean of Social Sciences when Dean Robert Redfield took a leave of absence in 1946. Tyler was officially appointed as dean in 1948. He streamlined the committees between the departments and promoted interdisciplinary studies. Additionally, Tyler participated in University life by contributing to the Great Books Program and to the Chicago Roundtable radio discussions. Additionally, Tyler continuously published the results of his work.

Through the course of his tenure at the University of Chicago his positions included: Chairman, Department of Education, University of Chicago (1938-48); University Examiner, University of Chicago (1938-53); Dean, Division of the Social Sciences, University of Chicago (1948-53); Director, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California (1953-67); Acting President, Social Science Research Council (1971-72); Vice President, Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (1975-78); and President, System Development Foundation (1969-until his death?).

Additionally, Tyler served as the official Director of the Examinations Staff of the U.S. Armed Forces Institute from 1943-1954 during which the military asked him to administer tests to measure the effectiveness of its training programs.

In the 1960's, Tyler worked with his colleagues on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, measuring educational achievements around the United States. Tyler advised six U.S. Presidents and assisted in writing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. After leaving the University of Chicago in 1953, Tyler moved to California as the founding director of the Center for the Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, funded by the Ford Foundation (1953-1967). Throughout the 1980's Tyler commuted from California to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst to teach and advise the Coalition for School Improvement.

Tyler's style of testing became common and was known as the \"Tyler Rationale\". His methods were initially considered unorthodox because he advocated the involvement of teachers and parents at every level of school reform. Tyler believed that the purpose of education was to teach children how to function as citizens. He stated, \"Carrying on citizenship is the most important reason for public education…As society keeps moving forward, we need to have more and more education to understand problems that are much more complex than those that were dealt with in 1776.\"

Tyler's wife, Flora V. Tyler passed away before he did. Ralph Tyler suffered from cancer and passed away on February 18, 1994. He was survived by his brother, Keith I. Tyler; his daughters, Helen Parisi and Ann Fathy; and his son, Ralph W. Tyler, Jr.

Some of his more famous projects included: Director of Evaluation, Eight-Year Study (1934-42); Director, Cooperative Study in General Education (1939-45); Director, Examinations Staff, U.S. Armed Forces Institute (1943-53); Chairman, Exploratory Committee on Assessing the Progress of Education (1964-68); and Senior Consultant, Science Research Associates, Inc. (1967-82).

He was also a member of a number of associations and throughout the course of his career held broad associations well beyond the University of Chicago including: Member, National Advisory Mental Health Council (1959-63); Chairman, National Commission on Resources for Youth (1964-79); Chairman, National Commission for Cooperative Education (1962-75); Honorary Life Chairman (1975-?); President, National Academy of Education (1965-69); Chairman, Research Advisory Council of the U.S. Office of Education (1967-70); Member, National Science Board, 1962-68; Vice Chairman (1966-68); and Member, National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children (1965-72)

Some of his notable publications were: Constructing Achievement Tests (1934); Appraising and Recording Student Progress, with E.R. Smith (1942); Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction (1949); Educational Evaluation; New Roles, New Means, editor (1969); Crucial Issues in Testing, with R. Wolf (1974); Perspectives on American Education (1976); \"Changing Concepts of Educational Evaluation.\" [Monograph] International Journal of Educational Research 10 (1986).

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During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the University of Cincinnati experienced a wave of protest and radicalism on campus, much like other universities throughout the United States. The height of the protest occurred in May of 1970, immediately after the Kent State shootings. UC closed on May 8th due to the fear of possible violence on campus, and later in the month, university administration decided to cancel the remainder of the Spring quarter.

From the guide to the University of Cincinnati Campus Unrest Collection, 1964-1990, 1964-1990, (University of Cincinnati, Archives and Rare Books Library)

In 1988, the University of Cincinnati hired Cresap, a consulting company to find ways to reduce costs in the administration of the University. Cresap submitted their study to the University in August of 1988. The report made 170 recommendations that would result in a savings of $11 million. The report suggested the elimination of a number of administrative and staff positions including 40 positions in the University Libraries alone.

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The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was formed on 2 November 1936 consisting of two radio networks: Trans-Canada (English) and the French network. In 1952 two television stations began broadcasting in Toronto and Montreal.

From the description of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation collection. 1929-[195-]. (McMaster University). 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Lawyer.

From the description of Reminiscences of Leonard Harold Marks : oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). 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The Baccalaureate service is an inter-religious ceremony for all graduating Emory University students receiving bachelor's degrees and consists of prayers, music, and an address by the Emory University President. The Commencement ceremony includes all Emory University graduates and consists of an address by the commencement speaker, the conferral of honorary degrees and awards, and the conferral of degrees en masse.

From the description of Emory University Baccalaureate and Commencement collection, 1918-2011. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 775804579

Emory University faculty began teaching at Emory's Atlanta campus in 1919 after being officially transferred from Oxford, Georgia following Emory College's reincorporation as Emory University. Since then, they have been involved in the administration of the University, its teaching, and its students. The faculty are organized by school, each represented by a corresponding Dean.

From the description of Emory University Faculty records, 1917-2002 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 761205244

Music at Emory has taken many forms. Students, faculty, musical professionals and amateurs have performed at Emory as part of Emory ensembles, orchestras, chorales or through various hosted events such as concert series, festivals, and recitals. Prominent among Emory's musical organizations is the Emory Glee Club, which travelled to Cuba, Europe, and the White House to perform.

From the description of Emory University musical activities and organizations records, 1917-1995. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 770035964

Emory University's convocation is a ceremony marking the beginning of each academic year. Included in the ceremony is the procession of deans and faculty, an invocation, hymn, welcoming remarks to the entering class, an address, benediction, and recessional.

From the description of Emory University Convocation records, 1922-2007. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 769768928

In the late 1930s, Emory University faculty members, particularly Haywood Jefferson Pearce, became involved in the investigation of the Dare stones, inscribed stones attributed to Eleanor White Dare and other members of the Roanoke Colony.

From the description of Dare stones collection, 1937-1987. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 776171961

This series was created to house records of Greek social fraternities collected from various sources by the Emory University Archives.

From the description of Fraternity records collection, 1895-1996 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 758673461

Student poilitical organizations at Emory University were formally established as chapters of national organizations in the 1960s and included Young Republicans, Young Democrats, and Young Americans for Freedom. Later, chapters of Amnesty International and College Republicans also established themselves at Emory.

From the description of Student political organization records, 1962-1997 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 773929851

Emory University was officially desegregated in September of 1962 and admitted its first African American undergraduate in the fall of 1963.

From the description of Emory University desegregation collection, 1960-1994. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 770297711

National sororities at Emory began as social clubs that were organized soon after the Emory College of Arts and Sciences became a coeducational institution in 1954. The clubs were coordinated by the Interclub Council. In 1958 the Student Organizations and Activities Committee of the Student Council recommended that national sororities be accepted on campus. The request was granted, and on May 8, 1959 ten of the original twelve social clubs were chartered as chapters of national sororities. The Panhellenic Council was organized to oversee the activities of the new chapters. The Intersorority Council is now the representative body governing sororities at Emory.

From the description of Sorority records collection, 1958-1995 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 773757298

These biographical files combine records received from the Emory University Alumni Association and Emory University News and Information Service with additions by Emory University Archives staff.

From the description of Emory University biographical files, 20th century (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 776906819

Student religious organizations founded at Emory University are often ecumenical in nature and seek to bring together Christians from many denominations for religious activity and charitable work.

From the description of Student religious organizations records, 1921-1969 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 774037345

Emory University Quarterly was a interdisciplinary scholarly publication that ran from 1945 to 1967. The purpose of the publication was to provide an outlet for scholarship written by Emory University faculty, students, alumni, and other affiliated individuals. The Emory University Quarterly was edited by Emory University professor Thomas H. English until his retirement in 1964.

From the description of Emory University Quarterly correspondence, 1945-1966 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 779394438

The Emory Players began productions a few years after Emory's relocation to Atlanta, while other theater and dance groups have also become part of performing arts at Emory.

From the description of Student performing groups collection, 1925-1986 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 775794463

Emory College was founded in 1836 in Oxford, Ga. and later expanded and moved to Atlanta, Ga. in 1915. The University has observed both dates as anniversaries with various events and celebrations.

From the description of Emory University anniversary observances collection, 1936-2011 (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 779897936

The Lord of Misrule and Spirit of Emory, Dooley, first appeared anonymously in a letter to The Phoenix literary magazine in 1899. In 1909, the skeleton appeared again in print, signing the letter \"Dooley.\" Dooley is feted annually at Dooley's Week with dances, concerts, and other programmed events.

From the description of Dooley collection, 1952-2000. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 776246726

The Emory environs collection was formed for the purpose of documenting the geographic area surrounding the Emory University campus on Clifton Road in Atlanta, Georgia.

From the description of Emory Environs collection, 1928-1994 (Unknown). 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The LICBC, now comprised of seventeen member institutions, was established in 1946 as a cooperative broadcasting venture in adult education. In 1951, the LICBC founded the WGBH Educational Foundation as a nonprofit corporation having broad cultural, informational, and educational aims. The Foundation operates: WGBH-FM, 89.7, Boston; WGBH-TV, Channel 2, Boston; WGBX-TV, Channel 44, Boston; and WGBY-TV, Channel 57, Springfield. WGBH, which is a member of the Public Broadcasting Service, receives funding in part from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, corporate underwriters, private foundations, and membership. Expanded educational activities include: interactive multimedia software, home video, CD-ROM, and print materials.

From the description of Administrative records of the Lowell Institute Cooperative Broadcasting Council (LICBC) and WGBH Educational Foundation, 1945-1994 (bulk 1951-1991). (Commonwealth of Massachusetts State Archives). WorldCat record id: 86123368

The New Television Workshop originated at WGBH ca. 1974 to serve as a creative center within the WGBH Educational Foundation. Its purpose was to support the development and production of experimental video art works across many disciplines including dance, drama, music, performance and the visual arts. Production was done primarily on video, although some production work was done on film. Fred Barzyk, a WGBH producer and director, was the Workshop's Executive Director from 1974 to 1982. Susan Dowling was Executive Director from 1982 to 1993 at which time the Workshop ceased production at WGBH. Major broadcast series created by the Workshop included \"Artist's Showcase,\" \"Frames of Reference,\" \"Dance for Camera,\" and \"New Television.\" Of individual works, \"Visions\" was created for WNET (New York) and \"Alive From Off Center\" for KTCA (St. Paul-Minneapolis). \"Poetry Breaks,\" a series of poets reading their works which was broadcast between shows as \"filler,\" was co-produced by the Workshop and Leita Hagemann Luchetti.

From the description of New Television Workshop Collection, 1967-1999. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 180705705

April 5, 1968, the day after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the City of Boston approached WGBH/Channel 2 with the hopes of broadcasting special programming to ease racial tension in the city. Within six hours of the request, WGBH televised a James Brown concert taking place in the city that evening. In the weeks following the broadcast, WGBH management decided to create a weekly program produced by African Americans that would be about African Americans. The program, called Say Brother, debuted July 15, 1968, and offered a variety of public affairs programming relevant to African American communities throughout the United States, such as the desegregation of schools, civil rights, Black political leadership, religion, African liberation, and popular culture, while ensuring coverage of issues in Boston's African American neighborhoods, such as affordable housing, community clinics and health care facilities, local student movements, state politics, and community schooling.

Say Brother's early producers included Jim Boyd, Ray Richardson, and John Slade (through 1973) and Topper Carew and Marita Rivero (through the 1975 season). In the fall of 1975, under Rivero's direction, Say Brother aired thirteen programs developed specifically for a national audience for broadcast by PBS. National programming, however, was short-lived, and Say Brother quickly returned to being locally-televised in the winter of 1976. Between the fall of 1976 and spring of 1983, Barbara Barrow-Murray produced the program, significantly adding multicultural content (through the 1980 season) that incorporated issues in Boston's Chinese American, Hispanic American and Native American communities. Successive producers--Beth Deare, Juanita Anderson, and Cynthia Johnson--have continued to program based on social, cultural, economic, and intellectual issues relevant to African Americans. The program was renamed Basic Black in 1998.

From the description of Say Brother Television Program Collection,f1968-1982. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 180705492

The Ten O'Clock News was a nightly news program produced and broadcast by WGHBH, a public television station located in Boston, Massachusetts. The Ten O'Clock News succeeded Evening Compass, a news program broadcast on WGBH in 1974 and 1975. Evening Compass found an audience through its in-depth coverage of school desegregation in Boston, which began in 1974. Reporters Pam Bullard, Ed Baumeister, Paul de Give, Gary Griffith, Greg Pilkington, Judy Stoia and others covered press conferences with city officials, protests by activists on both sides of the issue and the effect of court-ordered desegregation on the Boston Public School System. The Ten O'Clock News debuted in 1976, and many of the Evening Compass staff members worked on the show.

Christopher Lydon signed on to anchor The Ten O'Clock News in 1977, and was joined by a series of four co-anchors, including Gail Harris in 1984 and Carmen Fields in 1987. The program featured nightly in-studio interviews as well as coverage of local, national and international issues by a group of reporters including Christy George, Marcus Jones, Meg Vaillancourt, David Boeri and Hope Kelly. The program was broadcast on WGBH until May 1991. The Ten O'Clock News Project has preserved 523 tapes from the Ten O'Clock News library. The tapes focus on news stories related to Boston's African American community, and include coverage of school desegregation in Boston, race relations, politics, education, health care, urban issues and the arts.

From the description of The Ten O'Clock News Project, 1974-1991. (Unknown). 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Bennett", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician (1904-1964)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Bennett", "birthDate": "1904-01-10T00:00Z", "deathDate": "1964-08-09T00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Garden", "deathPlace": "Chevy Chase", "description": "John Bonifas Bennett (January 10, 1904 – August 9, 1964) was an American lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 to 1964. Bennett was born in Garden, Michigan, his mother was an immigrant from Luxembourg. He attended the public schools, and graduated from Watersmeet High School. He graduated from Marquette University Law School in 1925 and took a post-graduate course at the University of Chicago Law School in 1926. 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John Bonifas Bennett was a Representative from Michigan. He was born in Garden, Delta County, Mich. on January 10, 1904. He attended the public schools, and graduated from Watersmeet High School in Michigan, and from Marquette University Law School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1925. Bennett took a postgraduate course at Chicago, IL University Law School in 1926, and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1925 and the Michigan bar in 1926. He practiced law in Ontonagon, Michigan from 1926-1942. Bennett was a prosecuting attorney of Ontonagon County from 1929-1934, deputy commissioner of the Michigan Department of Labor and Industry from 1935-1937, and was elected as a republican to the Seventy-eighty Congress from January 3, 1943-January 3, 1945. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1944 to the Seventy-ninth Congress, and resumed the practice of law. In 1946, Bennett was elected to the Eightieth and to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1947, until his death, August 9, 1964.

From the guide to the John B. Bennett papers, 1928-1964, (Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan)

Republican Congressman from Ontonagon in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

From the description of John B. Bennett papers, 1928-1964. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34421760

Republican Congressman from Ontonagon in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

From the description of John B. Bennett photographs. 1947-1964. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 180878279", "birthDate": "1/10/1904", "deathDate": "8/9/1964", "altNames": [ "Bennett, John B. (John Bonifas), 1905-1964" ], "subjects": [ "Apportionment (Election law)--Michigan", "Finnish Americans--Michigan", "Finnish Americans", "Legislators--Michigan", "Townsend Plan", "Elections--Michigan--1954", "Old age pensions--United States", "Social security--United States", "Radio in politics", "Apportionment", "Radio programs, Public service", "Legislators" ], "placeNames": [ "Michigan", "Ontonagon (Mich.)", "Upper Peninsula (Mich.)" ], "airtableId": "recA9Mwe8qgQMjNGJ" }, "airtableId": "recwDp3k9P5yeOpvy" }, { "id": "rodri_guez-bou-ismael", "name": "Rodri_guez Bou, Ismael", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recwEvyMvdecvoLjo" }, { "id": "freeman-frankie-m", "name": "Freeman, Frankie M.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recwF1yYjK8bBNg0o" }, { "id": "hickey-philip-j", "name": "Hickey, Philip J.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recwFIAusmohrGN4X" }, { "id": "morgenbesser-sidney-1921-2004", "name": "Morgenbesser, Sidney, 1921-2004", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recwFIDkr1SIXHZab" }, { "id": "university-of-oregon", "name": "University of Oregon", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q766145", "name": "University of Oregon", "wikidataLabelDescription": "public research university in Eugene, Oregon, USA", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oregon", "inceptionDate": "1876-01-01T00:00Z", "altNames": [ "UO", "Oregon", "U of O" ], "memberOf": [ "ORCID, Inc.", "Association of Research Libraries", "Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition", "Center for Research Libraries", "Pac-12 Conference", "Orbis Cascade Alliance" ], "website": [ "http://www.uoregon.edu" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80126183" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/125426825" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80126183" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rj889j" ], "placeNames": [ "Eugene" ], "airtableId": "recWJW3iQaYM9ex6J" }, "snac": { "snacId": "48300345", "description": "

The Univeristy of Oregon was established on October 19, 1872 and began classes on October 16, 1876. In 1915 there were 119 professors and instructors; by 1934 that number had grown to over 174 faculty.

From the guide to the Faculty bulletins and scrapbooks, 1914-1934, (Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon Libraries)

The High School debating league was started by the Oregon Teacher Association. The University of Oregon contributed by publishing the Debating News newsletter and scheduling and hosting the championship debate. The University of Oregon's President also served on the league committee.

From the guide to the High School Debating League records, 1910-1924, (Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon Libraries)", "altNames": [ "University of Oregon. Center for Teaching Writing" ], "subjects": [ "College publications--Oregon", "Debates and debating--Oregon", "Colleges and Universities", "Education, Higher--Oregon--Eugene", "Physicians--Miscellanea" ], "placeNames": [ "Washington (State)--Adams County" ], "airtableId": "recvWoMfwK1DZHeAt" }, "airtableId": "recwFecRb5g29iYFt" }, { "id": "slater-bill", "name": "Slater, Bill", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q862468", "name": "Bill Slater", "wikidataLabelDescription": "English footballer (1927-2018)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Slater_(footballer)", "birthDate": "1927-04-29T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "2018-12-18T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Clitheroe", "deathPlace": "Oxfordshire", "description": "William John Slater, CBE (29 April 1927 – 18 December 2018), also commonly known as W. J. Slater, was an English professional footballer. Slater made the majority of his appearances for Wolverhampton Wanderers, with whom he won three league championships and the FA Cup. Slater started his career as a 16-year-old amateur at Blackpool in 1944 and played in the 1951 FA Cup Final in which Blackpool lost to Newcastle United, becoming the last amateur to play in an FA Cup Final at Wembley. Another record he jointly holds is Blackpool's fastest-ever goal: 11 seconds into a game against Stoke City on 10 December 1949. This was matched by James Quinn in 1995. Slater made his Blackpool debut on 10 September 1949, in a goalless draw at Aston Villa. As an inside-forward, he competed with Allan Brown for the number 10 position for the majority of his time at the seaside. ", "occupation": [ "association football player", "cricketer" ], "airtableId": "rectnwbu45SC5Y0pL" }, "airtableId": "recwFgyBj0EzHk6TS" }, { "id": "isaacs-harold-r-harold-robert-1910-1986", "name": "Isaacs, Harold R. (Harold Robert), 1910-1986", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recwGv8UZC5wRd44z" }, { "id": "bronowski-jacob-1908-1974", "name": "Bronowski, Jacob, 1908-1974", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q374117", "name": "Jacob Bronowski", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Polish-born British mathematician", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bronowski", "birthDate": "1908-01-18T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1974-08-22T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Łódź", "deathPlace": "East Hampton", "description": "Jacob Bronowski (18 January 1908 – 22 August 1974) was a Polish-British mathematician and historian. He is best known for developing a humanistic approach to science, and as the presenter and writer of the thirteen-part 1973 BBC television documentary series, and accompanying book, The Ascent of Man, which led to his regard as \"one of the world's most celebrated intellectuals\". Bronowski's family moved to Germany and then to England while he was a child. In England, he won a scholarship to study mathematics at the University of Cambridge. His interests have been described as ranging \"widely, from biology to poetry and from chess to Humanism\". He taught mathematics at the University College Hull between 1934 and 1942. During World War II he led the field of operations research and worked to increase the effectiveness of Allied bombing. After the war he headed the projects division of UNESCO. Bronowski wrote poetry and had a deep affinity with William Blake. From 1950 to 1963 he worked for the National Coal Board in England. From 1963 he was a resident fellow of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, until his death in 1974 in East Hampton, New York, just a year after the airing of his Ascent of Man. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/bronowski-jacob-1908-1974.jpg", "occupation": [ "mathematician", "poet", "historian", "philosopher", "television presenter", "humanist", "biologist" ], "fieldOfWork": [ "mathematics" ], "employer": [ "University of Hull" ], "memberOf": [ "American Academy of Arts and Sciences" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50041276" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/54274208" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50041276" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6989123" ], "airtableId": "recy93Rgx90qosDiA" }, "snac": { "snacId": "66370554", "description": "

Jacob Bronowski, a mathematician by training, was well known for his work in literature, intellectual history and the philosophy of science. At his death in 1974, Bronowski was Research Professor and Fellow of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, California and Director of the Council for Biology in Human Affairs there. At the Salk Institute, which he joined in 1964, Bronowski's field of research was 'human specificity', that is, the analysis of those functions which characterize man and make him unique among animal species.

From the description of Jacob Bronowski papers. 1953-1974. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 225145303", "birthDate": "1/18/1908", "deathDate": "8/22/1974", "altNames": [ "Bronowski, Jacob, 1908-1974" ], "airtableId": "recTZx9ZfinVHKlhx" }, "airtableId": "recwHQU0upxCFMPRv" }, { "id": "evans-bergen-1904-1978", "name": "Evans, Bergen, 1904-1978", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q4891516", "name": "Bergen Evans", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American lexicographer", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen_Evans", "birthDate": "1904-09-19T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1978-02-04T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Franklin", "description": "Bergen Baldwin Evans (September 19, 1904 – February 4, 1978) was a Northwestern University professor of English and a television host. He received a George Foster Peabody Award in 1957 for excellence in broadcasting for his CBS TV series The Last Word. Bergen Evans was born in Franklin, Ohio, the son of Rice Kemper Evans, a doctor, and Louise Cass Evans. He received a bachelor of arts degree in 1924 from Miami University. He received his master's degree (1925) and doctorate (1932) from Harvard University, and was a Rhodes Scholar at University College, Oxford, in 1930. He was married to Jean Whinery on August 5, 1939. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/evans-bergen-1904-1978.JPG", "occupation": [ "lexicographer", "linguist" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50009000" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/79131955" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50009000" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nw1kv9" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "race", "title": "Race" }, { "id": "anthropology", "title": "Anthropology" }, { "id": "gender", "title": "Gender" } ], "airtableId": "recvt367M5qQrvbzr" }, "snac": { "snacId": "9240444", "description": "

Professor of English, Northwestern University, 1932-1974; short-story writer; radio/tv game show panelist; faculty member, Famous Writers' School; co-author, The Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage (1957).

From the description of Bergan Evans Papers, 1921-1978. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122605099

Bergen Baldwin Evans was born on September 19, 1904 in Franklin, Ohio, the third child of Rice Kemper and Louise Cass Evans' six children. Evans joined the faculty of Northwestern University as in the department of English in 1932. He was an incredibly popular instructor, and remained at Northwestern until his retirement in 1974. In addition to his career as an English scholar, Evans was an author and was involved with many television and radio programs. He died in 1978.

In 1909 Evans' father, a fourth generation doctor, gave up his practice to accept a clerkship in the consular service in Sheffield, England. The family lived there until 1915 when Rice Evans' salary could no longer support his large family. That and the outbreak of World War I forced him to send his children back to America to live with an aunt in Franklin, Ohio.

Bergen Evans was educated in both English and American schools and entered Miami University in Oxford, Ohio at the age of fifteen. Despite nearly being dismissed after his first year as a result of his unorthodox study habits, Evans graduated in 1924 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. After earning an M.A. from Harvard in 1925 he returned to Miami University and taught English from 1925 to 1928. Thereafter he attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar from 1929 to 1931, receiving a B.Litt. degree in 1930. He returned to Harvard where he received a Ph.D. in English Philology in 1932. The subject of his dissertation was Samuel Johnson's career as a biographer.

In September of 1932, Evans began his teaching career at Northwestern as an Instructor in English. He remained at Northwestern until his retirement in 1974, being promoted to Assistant Professor in 1936, Associate Professor in 1939, and Professor in 1944. His courses, in particular, Introduction to Literature, became extremely popular, enrolling more students than any other course offered at the university.

Evans simultaneously pursued a second career as an author, publishing short stories in national magazines. As a result he won the Scribner Prize in 1939. As a feature writer for the American Mercury from 1947 to 1950 he contributed a column entitled \"The Skeptics Corner.\" Evans also published a number of books, with the first coming about by chance. Teaching in the university's Evening Division he became acquainted with a student, Herman Bishop, a mechanic, with whom he wrote Your Car is Made to Last, a car repair book for the layman. Evans second book, The Psychiatry of Robert Burton, written with G.J. Mohr in 1944, analyzed Burton's grasp of modern psychology while writing in the 17th century. His first book to gain popular attention was The Natural History of Nonsense (1946). He next published The Spoor of Spooks and Other Nonsense (1954) as a result of his long-standing interest in myths and superstitions.

Evans' major contribution to scholarship was The Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage, which he authored in collaboration with his sister, Cornelia Evans Goodhue, in 1957. A vocabulary-building book containing chapters on British-American vocabulary, Word-A-Day, was released in 1963. Evans also wrote two reference works: Dictionary of Quotations (1968) and Dictionary of Mythology (1970). Evans also edited anthologies and literary works, including two relating to Samuel Johnson, and wrote essays, book introductions, and textbook chapters, as well as numerous magazine and newspaper articles, and delivered numerous lectures.

In addition to his writing, Evans appeared on television and radio. After appearing briefly in a television program entitled \"Majority Rules,\" Evans became a nationally known personality through \"Down You Go,\" a program based on the parlor game \"hang the butcher.\" The program originated in Chicago and ran from 1951 - 1956 and was revived from 1961 - 1963.

Evans was also involved in several other television and radio panel shows through the 1950s and early 1960s, including \"Of Many Things,\" \"Superghost,\" \"English for Americans,\" \"Inquiry,\" \"The Last Word,\" \"Words in the News,\" and \"Conversation.\" For most of these programs Evans commuted to New York every weekend.

Although he did not appear on the program, beginning in 1955 Evans prepared questions used on the television game show \"The $64,000 Question.\" In 1959 the producers of the show were accused of coaching contestants, including giving them the questions in advance. Illinois State Representative Peter F. Mack, Jr. accused Evans of having been a part of the scandal and called for his resignation from Northwestern. Evans emerged from the scandal unscathed, having received the full support of his students and Northwestern president J. Roscoe Miller.

Evans retired from teaching in May of 1974, having taught three years past the University's mandatory retirement age of 68. He died on February 4, 1978.

Evans married Jean Whinery on August 5, 1939. They had two sons, Derek and Scott. Among the many honors Evans received during his long and productive career were the 1957 Peabody Award for outstanding public service in broadcasting, honorary degrees from Miami (Ohio) University in 1959 and Franklin and Marshall College and the Ohioana Career Medal in 1972.

From the guide to the Bergen Evans (1904-1978) Papers, 1921-1978, (Northwestern University Archives)

Ashley Montagu, born Israel Ehrenberg on June 28, 1905, was a British-American anthropologist, specializing in the areas of race and gender issues, as well as a prolific speaker and author, publishing over 50 books in his lifetime. The son of Jewish tailor Charles Ehrenberg and his wife, Mary Plot Ehrenberg, Montagu was born and raised in London's working class East End neighborhood. Although the reasoning behind his name change was never revealed, it may have been due to anti-Semitic prejudice faced by many East End Jews during his childhood, and Montagu might have felt the need to distance himself from his parents' Russian and Polish backgrounds.

Montagu earned his undergraduate degree from University College London in psychology and anthropology. After studying anthropology at the London School of Economics under Bronislaw Malinowski, Montagu left England for the United States. He arrived at New York City in 1927 and began taking graduate classes at Columbia University. Montagu then traveled to Italy in 1928, where he took classes in ethnography and anthropology at the University of Florence. Upon his return to the United States in 1931, while working as an assistant professor of anthropology at New York University, Montagu married Marjorie Peakes. The couple would have two daughters, Audrey and Barbara, as well as a son, Geoffrey. In 1934 Montagu returned to Columbia University, culminating his postgraduate work at Columbia in 1936 with his dissertation, Coming into being among the Australian Aborigines: A study of the procreative beliefs of the native tribes of Australia, produced under the direction of Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict. Based largely on his dissertation, Montagu's first book, Coming into Being among the Australian Aborigines, was published in 1937. After he completed his education, Montagu taught anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia in 1938 and became an American citizen in 1940. It was during his time at Hahnemann that he began to produce work relating to race, resulting in his seminal work, Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race, published in 1942. The work controversially advanced the argument that race was a social construct imposed upon a complex biological substratum and demolished the arguments for inherent inequality between human populations. The influential nature of Man's Most Dangerous Myth led to Montagu's service on the 4th United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) task force, in 1949. The ten member UNESCO committee, composed of such world-renowned social scientists as Claude Levi-Strauss and E. Franklin Frazier, was created to collect information about the problem of race and to establish educational programs to disseminate its findings. The resultant document, authored by Montagu, the group's rapporteur, was published as the \"Statement on Race\" in 1951. The Committee's final statement on race asserted: 1)All mankind belong to the same species and that the differences between groups are few compared to all of the genetic similarities. 2)That Race designates a group with high frequency of physical characteristics or particular genetic trait and that these traits fluctuate or even disappear over time. 3)The way in which people are grouped does not reflect the capacity or character traits of a particular group. The differences between races are physical and have no correlation with other traits like intelligence.

Upon leaving Hahnemann Medical College in 1949, Montagu moved to Rutgers University, where he was a professor of anthropology and head of the department from 1949 to 1955. While at Rutgers, Montagu wrote perhaps his most famous work, The Natural Superiority of Women, published in 1953. Examining the differences between the sexes anthropologically, Montagu concluded that women were the superior sex because they possessed a better capability to survive both as individuals and in groups- talents necessary for an advancing society. Based on these conclusions, he suggested that women receive equal pay for equal work, a controversial stance at the time.

With his prolific writing skills to rely on financially, and facing strong backlash for his openly liberal views and anti-McCarthy public statements, Montagu accepted a forced retirement from Rutgers in 1955 at the age of 50. Though retired from academic life, he continued to lecture at such institutions as Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Santa Barbara, and New York University. Settling in Princeton, New Jersey, Montagu's work took up a more humanist element with Touching: The Human Significance of the Skin, his effort to encourage parents to take a more physical role in raising their children and especially to encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies. Published during that same year, Montagu's book The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity, a history of the life of disfigured Briton Joseph Merrick, inspired a Tony winning play and later a motion picture. He continued publishing through the 1980s, including The Nature of Human Aggression (1976) and Growing Young (1981), while making numerous and notable television appearances on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show as well as the Phil Donahue Show.

In his lifetime, Montagu received many major awards, among them the American Association of Humanists' 1995 Man of the Year award, the Darwin Award from the American Association of Physical Anthropologist in 1994, and the Distinguished Achievement Award from the American Anthropological Association in 1987. Montagu maintained an active schedule of lecturing and gardening around his Princeton, New Jersey, home until he was hospitalized in March 1999; he died on November 26, 1999 from heart disease, at the age of ninety-four. He was survived by his wife of sixty-eight years, Marjorie, as well as his son and two daughters.

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Radio station WNYC is the oldest municipally owned and operated non-commercial radio station in the United States.

WNYC was credated in the early 1920's by the City government with the expectation that it would provide instruction, enlightenment, entertainment, and recreation to the residents of New York City. The station has played a unique and active role in the interaction between government and citizen, presenting a wide range of programming, with a special emphasis on shows covering community and public affairs of the city. The station has given the citizens and politicians of New York a forum through which they communicate with each other.

Some of the types of programming that WNYC has presented on the air include: programs put together by New York City agencies to inform citizens of the affairs of local government; spot announcements for non-profit organizations; public health programs; programs aimed at specific audiences, such as juveniles; and extensive coverage of United Nations meetings in New York.

From the description of Collection of broadcast recordings [sound recording], 1938-1970. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122517344

Radio station WNYC is the oldest municipally owned and operated non-commercial radio station in the United States.

WNYC was created in the early 1920's by the City government with the expectation that it would provide instruction, enlightenment, entertainment, and recreation to the residents of New York City. The station has played a unique and active role in the interaction between government and citizen, presenting a wide range of programming, with a special emphasis on shows covering community and public affairs of the city. The station has given the citizens and politicians of New York a forum through which they communicate with each other.

Some of the types of programming that WNYC has presented on the air include: programs put together by New York City agencies to inform citizens of the affairs of local government; spot announcements for non-profit organizations; public health programs; programs aimed at specific audiences, such as juveniles; and extensive coverage of United Nations meetings in New York.

From the description of WNYC collection of broadcast recordings [sound recording], 1938-1970. (Unknown). 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Edgar", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recwxnuveutkA3y39" }, { "id": "wled-television-station-littleton-nh", "name": "WLED (Television station : Littleton, N.H.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recwz1COgROWJUkc4" }, { "id": "haberman-frederick-w-frederick-william-1908-1995", "name": "Haberman, Frederick W. (Frederick William), 1908-1995", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recx0LMUhJd3cMWWe" }, { "id": "burnett-vic", "name": "Burnett, Vic", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recx0OU1D3lsftaUM" }, { "id": "wben-tv-television-station-buffalo-ny", "name": "WBEN-TV (Television Station : Buffalo, NY)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "recx0S5XztKisyEds" }, { "id": "bachmann-edwin", "name": "Bachmann, Edwin", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recx0syzE3qwVOrvA" }, { "id": "moraz-fred", "name": "Moraz, Fred", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recx11uUmPccZ4yIb" }, { "id": "maddy-joseph-e", "name": "Maddy, Joseph E.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recx17zMULiUry3Ju" }, { "id": "barry-colman-j", "name": "Barry, Colman J.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recx1P1peLZQiYPbe" }, { "id": "talbot-phillips", "name": "Talbot, Phillips", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1311249", "name": "Phillips Talbot", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American diplomat", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Talbot", "birthDate": "1915-06-07T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Pittsburgh", "deathPlace": "Manhattan", "description": "William Phillips Talbot (June 7, 1915 – October 1, 2010) was a United States Ambassador to Greece (1965–69) and, at his death, member of the American Academy of Diplomacy, the Council of American Ambassadors and the Council on Foreign Relations. 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Associate, Institute of Current World Affairs, 1938-1941 and 1946-1951.

From the description of Phillips Talbot letters, 1939-1950, to Walter S. Rogers. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754867874

Phillips Talbot was born to Kenneth Hammet and Gertrude (Phillips) Talbot in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on 7 June 1915. He received a B.S. (1936) in journalism from the University of Illinois and a Ph.D. (1954) from University of Chicago. He also has received honorary doctorates from Mills College (1963) and Elmhurst College (2007).

He worked as a reporter (1936-1938) for the Chicago Daily News prior to being selected as a fellow (1938-1941 and 1946-1951) with the Institute of Current World Affairs (ICWA). The Institute was established in 1925 by Charles R. Crane in order to \"improve the exchange of information etween the United States and other parts of the world.\" As part of his fellowship, Talbot studied at the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies (1938-1939) and at Aligarh Muslin University in Aligah, India. He also traveled around India studying the country and its culture. After serving in the U.S. Naval Reserve as a Lieutenant Commander (1941-1946) during World War II, he returned to India for a second fellowship with the ICWA.

Talbot taught at the University of Chicao (1948-1950) and at Columbia University (1951). He then became the executive director (1951-1961) of the American Universities Field Staff (AUFS). The AUFS grew out of the activities of the ICWA, and was established in 1951 by a group of seven colleges and universities as a professional agency through which correspondents would send regular reports about foreign areas and would also regularly visit the colleges and universities to lecture, take part in seminars, and meet with faculty and students.

Talbot served as Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (1962-1965), prior to being named the U.S. Ambassador to Greece (1965-1969). He was President (1970-1981) of Asia Society, an organization that was established to promote greater knowledge of Asia in the United States, and he is now a President Emeritus (1981-present) of the society.

He married Mildred Fisher in 1943, and they had three children. Phillips Talbot lives in New York City.

From the description of Papers, 1938-1968. (Iowa State University). WorldCat record id: 191805763

Biographical/Historical Note

Associate, Institute of Current World Affairs, 1938-1941 and 1946-1951.

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WSJK-TV maintained an operation on the campus of East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tenn. This operation closed in 1980.

With state and federal funding it produced community programming and classroom instruction for Channel 22 in Cookeville, Tenn.

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Thomas Joseph Dodd, the third generation of his family to reside in Connecticut, was born in Norwich on 15 May 1907. During his career he served two terms in the U.S. Senate, and became well known for his work on the Nuremburg Trials where he served as Vice-Chairman of the Review Board and Executive Trial Counsel. After an unsuccessful campaign for the Senate in 1970, Dodd retired from public life and died in 1971 at the age of 64.

From the description of Thomas J. Dodd papers, 1919-1971. (University of Connecticut). WorldCat record id: 75959581

Thomas Joseph Dodd, the third generation of his family to reside in Connecticut, was born in Norwich on 15 May 1907. Young Thomas received consistent training in Roman Catholicism, a regimen that significantly shaped his world view as an adult. He attended Norwich public schools and graduated from St. Anselm's Preparatory School in 1926. The future two-term Democratic senator earned a bachelor's degree from Providence College in 1930 and received a law degree from Yale University in 1933. He served as the president of the Yale Democratic Club and led a group of young liberals, the \"Flying Wedge\", to speak on behalf of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal.

In 1934 Dodd married the former Grace Murphy of Westerly, Rhode Island and the couple proceeded to raise a family of six children: Thomas J., Jr., Carolyn, Jeremy, Martha, Christopher, and Nicholas.

In the same year U.S. Attorney General Homer Cummings, another Connecticut native, was so impressed with Dodd's work at Yale that he convinced the young attorney to join the Federal Bureau of Investigation . Dodd became a Special Agent and participated in the apprehension of such notorious criminals as John Dillinger, \"Babyface\" Nelson, and the Bremer kidnappers.

In 1935 Dodd was appointed Director of the National Youth Administration for Connecticut, a position future president Lyndon B. Johnson held for Texas . The NYA aimed to create educational and employment opportunities for young people struggling through the Great Depression. Dodd served as a delegate to the 1936 Democratic national convention. His meteoric rise continued in 1938 with entry into the U.S. Justice Department as a Special Assistant to the Attorney General. He played a pivotal role in the creation of the department's first Civil Rights Division. Dodd's more noteworthy cases included prosecuting the Ku Klux Klan in South Carolina and defending labor's right to organize and bargain collectively in Georgia.

During World War II, Dodd handled cases involving espionage and sabotage that helped cripple Nazi fifth column efforts to destabilize the United States war effort. His work led to the convictions of Reverend Kurt Molzahn, Wilhelm Kunge, Otto Willimanti, and Count Anostase Vonsiatsky on spying charges. Dodd also helped uncover industrial fraud by American firms supplying military hardware, including such New England companies as Anaconda Wire and Cable, Collyer Insulated Wire, Arrow Machine Tool, and Lincoln Machine .

As the war ended, the Allied Powers prepared to convene a military tribunal to prosecute accused Nazi war criminals. U.S. Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, the head of the American legal team, requested that Dodd join the jurists assembling at Nuremberg, Germany . Dodd served as Vice-Chairman of the Review Board and Executive Trial Counsel. The latter position rendered Dodd the second ranking U.S. lawyer and s supervisor of the day-to-day management of the U.S. prosecution team. He shaped many of the strategies and policies through which this unprecedented trial took place and frequently dealt with other Allied legal notables such as Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe of Great Britain and Lieutenant General Roman Rudenko of the Soviet Union . Dodd concentrated upon proving the charge of conspiracy to wage aggressive war and consequently cross-examined German industrialists as well as military and political leaders. He reconstructed the will of the last president of the Weimar Republic, Paul von Hindenburg, to reveal that the Nazis had falsified this document to help justify Chancellor Adolph Hitler 's consolidation of power.

Dodd presented portions of virtually every aspect of the prosecution's case. He developed a degree of notoriety for displaying the shrunken head of a concentration camp inmate during the trial. Some attorneys deemed such behavior grandstanding and they did not appreciate Dodd's flair for the dramatic. As one of the few civilian lawyers among the U.S. prosecutors, Dodd privately expressed an acute self-consciousness of his unique status. He also experienced the intense loneliness common among Nuremberg staffers separated from their families.

Dodd's Nuremberg work enhanced his stature and visibility back in the United States . He received a Presidential Citation, the U.S. Medal of Freedom, and the Czechoslovakian Order of the White Lion for his outstanding efforts. In 1949 the Polish government, then dominated by Moscow, offered him a prestigious award for service at Nuremberg. Dodd responded with a scathing, public denunciation of Communism in which he refused to accept honors from a regime that he perceived as barely distinct from National Socialism.

Upon his return to America in 1946, Dodd began the private practice of law in Hartford and entered Connecticut politics. He sought the Democratic nomination for governor in 1948 against a better-known candidate, Chester Bowles, without ever formally announcing his candidacy. Democratic State Chairman John M. Bailey threw his support behind the more liberal Bowles for fear that the potential third party presidential bid of Henry Wallace would splinter Democrats through the People's Party in Connecticut. Bailey then began a \"Draft Dodd\" movement for lieutenant governor, but Dodd refused to join what he perceived as a sellout to Communist sympathizers. He focused instead upon civic, charity, and service work. In 1950 Dodd returned to public life to campaign vigorously on behalf of Connecticut Senator Brien McMahon against Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy 's efforts to unseat him. Despite his ardent anticommunism, Dodd resisted the overly zealous red-baiting of the Cold War. McMahon triumphed in the ensuing election and Democrats encouraged Dodd to pursue a political career.

Dodd won election to Congress from the First Congressional District in 1952 and was reelected two years later. He was the only Connecticut Democrat to sit in the U.S. House during this period. Dodd served on the Government Operations and Foreign Affairs Committees, as well as the Select Committee to Investigate Communist Aggression. After unsuccessfully running for the U.S. Senate in 1956 against Republican incumbent Prescott Bush, Dodd ran again and defeated Republican William A. Purtell in 1958. Earlier that year he had received the Commander of the Order of Merit award from the President of Italy for counsel provided to help prevent a Communist seizure of power.

Dodd served on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and co-chaired its Internal Security Subcommittee. He sat on the Judiciary Committee and chaired its Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee. A brief tenure on the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee completed Dodd's legislative assignments.

Dodd championed a comprehensive overhaul of the nation's gun control legislation long before the assassination of President John F. Kennedy with a mail-order rifle. He eventually secured passage of a firearms bill in 1968, legislation that fell far short of his initial expectations. He ardently supported the civil rights legislation of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, particularly with respect to anti-lynching and voting rights laws. Dodd strove to protect children through measures such as curbing the violence on television and stemming the traffic of illegal drugs.

Dodd vigorously opposed Soviet Communism, which he considered the moral equivalent of German Nazism. He similarly warned against admitting Communist China to the United Nations and advocated the formation of \"freedom academies\" to raise anticommunism to a scholarly level. Although an early and ardent supporter of the United Nations, Dodd grew increasingly disillusioned with this organization as it gradually became more representative of Third World interests. In 1968 he called for the resignation of U.N. Secretary General U Thant for opposing the U.S. presence in Vietnam.

President Johnson briefly considered naming Dodd as his vice-presidential running mate in 1964, but opted instead for Senator Hubert Humphrey . The publicity surrounding the vice-presidential selection may have served as a reward for Dodd's support of Johnson during the 1960 presidential campaign. In 1964 Johnson enthusiastically endorsed Dodd during a campaign swing through Connecticut and Dodd won his second Senate term with a landslide victory over former Republican governor John D. Lodge . Dodd evolved into a sort of unofficial foreign policy spokesman in the Senate for the Johnson administration. When the President authorized an incursion into the Dominican Republic in 1965, Dodd emerged as one of the administration's most outspoken defenders. Such behavior exacerbated a growing feud between Dodd and Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman J. William Fulbright of Arkansas . The two exchanged condemnatory press releases and subsequently clashed over Vietnam .

Dodd consciously cultivated an image of himself as a party maverick. In part this stance reflected his poor relationship with John M. Bailey . He championed electoral reform during his 1958 Senate campaign in order to, in effect, \"democratize\" the nomination process against better known candidates such as Abraham Ribicoff . His proposals included a direct primary for all major state offices, the election of the party chairman by the state convention, a binding presidential preference primary, public hearings before creating a party platform, court reform, and reduction of patronage. Dodd's independence from his party extended beyond the state level. In the Senate, he displayed a relatively low degree of partisanship as measured against his Democratic colleagues. Dodd did not hesitate to criticize the Kennedy administration for waging what he perceived as an ineffective campaign against the Castro regime in Cuba . He provided strong support to the Nixon administration over Vietnam at a time when the Democratic Party experienced deep divisions over this and other issues. He never enjoyed particularly amiable relations with Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield because Dodd often publicly questioned his party's leadership and policies.

In 1966 allegations of financial impropriety surfaced against Thomas Dodd. The Senate began holding hearings the following year to investigate Dodd for his alleged transgressions. Senator Russell Long (D-La.) conducted a vigorous and ultimately unsuccessful campaign to clear Dodd's name. The Senate voted 92-5 to censure him for diverting public funds for private use (primarily through the use of testimonial dinners). He escaped censure on the charge of double billing the government by a vote of 51-45.

In 1970 Dodd withdrew his name from consideration by the Democratic State Convention after learning that he would not receive renomination for the Senate. He proceeded to mount an unsuccessful independent campaign against Republican Lowell Weicker and Democrat Joe Duffy . Dodd retired from public life following Weicker's triumph. He died in his Old Lyme home on 24 May 1971, at the age of 64.

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Supplement to the December 1949 issue of Labor and Industry in Britain. It is a revision of an earlier article, now out of print.

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On Dec. 7, 1922, Oregon Agricultural College was granted a license to begin broadcasting radio station KFDJ, which had been put together as a lab experiment by OAC Physics Professor Jacob Jordan. The station's first broadcast was on Jan. 23, 1923 from the third floor of Apperson Hall. In Dec. 1925, the station's call letters were changed to KOAC, its power had been boosted from 50 to 500 watts, and the Extension Service utilized the station for broadcasting several programs. When the State System of Higher Education was established in 1932, KOAC's operations were placed under the purview of the System's General Extension Division. KOAC-TV began broadcasting from studios in Gill Coliseum on the Oregon State College Campus in November 1957. In 1981 the Oregon State System of Higher Education divested its radio and television stations, including both KOAC-AM and KOAC-TV. The stations became part of Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB), a public corporation.

From the description of KOAC records, 1923-1965. (Eugene Public Library). WorldCat record id: 45999089

On December 7, 1922, Oregon Agricultural College was granted a license to begin broadcasting radio station KFDJ, which had been put together as a lab experiment by Physics Professor Jacob Jordan. The station's first broadcast was on January 23, 1923 from the third floor of Apperson Hall. In December 1925, the station's call letters were changed to KOAC, its power had been boosted from 50 to 500 watts, and the Extension Service utilized the station for broadcasting several programs, with Wallace Kadderly serving as program director. Early programming included lectures, music and student variety programs, reports of athletic events, and the annual commencement exercise. New studios were established in the new Physics Building (now Covell Hall) in 1928. Jordan oversaw the technical operations of the station until 1932, when Grant Feikert was named chief engineer. Kadderly served as program director until 1932 and served as station manager through 1933. When the new State System of Higher Education was established, KOAC became the System's radio station, under the purview of the General Extension Division. Additional studios were ultimately established in Eugene, Salem and Portland. Power was increased to 5000 watts in 1942. James Morris served as program director from 1945 to 1963. KOAC-TV was established in 1957 and began broadcasting in November of that year from studios in Gill Coliseum. In its early years the TV station was used to broadcast courses from the State System campuses to its other campuses around the state. The Extension Service used the television station in the same manner that it had used KOAC radio. It produced programs such as \"Extension 7,\" later called \"Oregon at Work,\" which ran from 1959 to 1975. In 1981, the State System of Higher Education divested its radio and television stations, including both KOAC-AM and KOAC-TV. These stations became the public corporation, Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB). Administrative, TV studio, and production functions were moved to Portland. A radio studio on the OSU campus remained in use until it was closed in 2009. Corvallis transmitters and frequencies for both KOAC radio and TV are still used.

From the description of KOAC photographs, 1929-1974 (bulk 1945-1965). (Eugene Public Library). WorldCat record id: 607910043

On December 7, 1922, Oregon Agricultural College was granted a license to begin broadcasting radio station KFDJ, which had been put together as a lab experiment by Physics Professor Jacob Jordan. The station's first broadcast was on January 23, 1923 from the third floor of Apperson Hall. In December 1925, the station's call letters were changed to KOAC, its power had been boosted from 50 to 500 watts, and the Extension Service utilized the station for broadcasting several programs, with Wallace Kadderly serving as program director. Early programming included lectures, music and student variety programs, reports of athletic events, and the annual commencement exercise. New studios were established in the new Physics Building (now Covell Hall) in 1928. Jordan oversaw the technical operations of the station until 1932, when Grant Feikert was named chief engineer. Kadderly served as program director until 1932 and served as station manager through 1933. When the new State System of Higher Education was established, KOAC became the System's radio station, under the purview of the General Extension Division. Additional studios were ultimately established in Eugene, Salem and Portland. Power was increased to 5000 watts in 1942. James Morris served as program director from 1945 to 1963.

KOAC-TV was established in 1957 and began broadcasting in November of that year from studios in Gill Coliseum. In its early years the TV station was used to broadcast courses from the State System campuses to its other campuses around the state. The Extension Service used the television station in the same manner that it had used KOAC radio. It produced programs such as \"Extension 7,\" later called \"Oregon at Work,\" which ran from 1959 to 1975.

In 1981, the State System of Higher Education divested its radio and television stations, including both KOAC-AM and KOAC-TV. These stations became the public corporation, Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB). Administrative, TV studio, and production functions were moved to Portland. A radio studio on the OSU campus remained in use until it was closed in 2009. Corvallis transmitters and frequencies for both KOAC radio and TV are still used.

From the guide to the KOAC Photographs, 1929-1974, 1945-1965, (Oregon State University Libraries)

On December 7, 1922, Oregon Agricultural College was granted a license to begin broadcasting radio station KFDJ, which had been put together as a lab experiment by Physics Professor Jacob Jordan. The station's first broadcast was on January 23, 1923 from the third floor of Apperson Hall. In December 1925, the station's call letters were changed to KOAC, its power had been boosted from 50 to 500 watts, and the Extension Service utilized the station for broadcasting several programs, with Wallace Kadderly serving as program director. Early programming included lectures, music and student variety programs, reports of athletic events, and the annual commencement exercise. New studios were established in the new Physics Building (now Covell Hall) in 1928. Jordan oversaw the technical operations of the station until 1932, when Grant Feikert was named chief engineer. Kadderly served as program director until 1932 and served as station manager through 1933. When the new State System of Higher Education was established, KOAC became the System's radio station, under the purview of the General Extension Division. Additional studios were ultimately established in Eugene, Salem and Portland. Power was increased to 5000 watts in 1942. James Morris served as program director from 1945-1963.

KOAC-TV was established in 1957 and began broadcasting in November of that year from studios in Gill Coliseum. In its early years the TV station was used to broadcast courses from the State System campuses to its other campuses around the state. The Extension Service used the television station in the same manner that it had used KOAC radio for the past 50+ years. It produced programs such as \"Extension 7,\" later called \"Oregon at Work,\" which ran from 1959-1975.

In 1981, the State System of Higher Education divested its radio and television stations, including both KOAC-AM and KOAC-TV. These stations became the public corporation, Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB). Administrative, TV studio, and production functions were moved to Portland. A radio studio on the OSU campus and Corvallis transmitters and frequencies for both KOAC radio and TV are still used.

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Cornell University Class of 1927, Ph.D. 1933; professor of speech.

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Swiss conductor.

From the description of Document signed, dated : London, 14 June 1921, 1921 June 14. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270873879

The Orchestre symphonique de Paris was founded in 1929; Calvocoressi prepared the French translation of Boris, eventually for performances in Paris at the Salle Gaveau, 31 December 1935. Cf. Loewenberg, A. Annals of opera.

From the description of Letter : to M.D. Calvocoressi, Paris, [between 1929 and 1935] Mar. 20. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 184963722

Epithet: conductor and composer

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As the creator of acknowledged masterpieces across numerous music genres, he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His works include such widely heard pieces as the March from The Love for Three Oranges, the suite Lieutenant Kijé, the ballet Romeo and Juliet—from which \"Dance of the Knights\" is taken—and Peter and the Wolf. Of the established forms and genres in which he worked, he created – excluding juvenilia – seven completed operas, seven symphonies, eight ballets, five piano concertos, two violin concertos, a cello concerto, a symphony-concerto for cello and orchestra, and nine completed piano sonatas. A graduate of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, Prokofiev initially made his name as an iconoclastic composer-pianist, achieving notoriety with a series of ferociously dissonant and virtuosic works for his instrument, including his first two piano concertos. 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American author, and writer, producer, and director for radio, television, and films.

From the description of Robert Lewis Shayon collection, [19--]. (Boston University). 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(Edwin Gladding), 1917-", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q103208872", "name": "Ed Burrows", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio program director and producer", "birthDate": "1917", "deathDate": "2011", "birthPlace": "Dallas", "deathPlace": "Edmonds", "description": "Radio station director and National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) chairman. From the description of Papers. 1964-1988. (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 29883336 Edwin Gladding Burrows was born on July 23, 1917 in Dallas, Texas to Millar and Irene Gladding Burrows. He received a B.A. from Yale University in 1938 and a M.A. from the University of Michigan in 1940. His first marriage to Gwen Lemon ended in divorce in 1972. He remarried in December of 1973. Burrows has three sons Edwin Gwynne, Daniel William, and David John. While studying literature at Yale, Burrows worked part time at WICC New Haven, from 1936 to 1938, as a newscaster, announcer, and actor. He left Connecticut to enter the masters program in literature at the University of Michigan. Upon receiving his masters degree, he joined the staff of WWJ-FM in Detroit as an announcer. He moved up the ranks to Program Manager. He left WWJ for active duty as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Naval Reserve. He served as a deck and combat information officer for carriers in the Pacific theater from 1943 to 1946 After the war, he returned to Michigan and began working as Program Director at WPAG, Ann Arbor, from 1946 to 1948. His public radio positions started in 1948 as program director at WUOM, Ann Arbor. Then, he helped create WGVR Grand Rapids in 1961 . In 1966, he was made manager of WUOM and WGVR. After a stint as Director of the National Center for Audio Experimentation at the University of Wisconsin in Madison from 1970 to 1973, Burrows returned to WUOM/WGVR as executive producer, a position he held until 1982. During 1968 to 1970, and 1975 to 1980, as part of a three-hour a week cultural arts program called \"The Eleventh Hour\", Burrows interviewed some 500 individuals including Alvin Ailey, Robert Bly, Peter DeVries, Joyce Carol Oates, and Kurt Vonnegut. Finally, from 1948 to 1970 and from 1973 to 1980, he designed and edited the WUOM/WGVR Monthly Program Guide. While at WUOM, Burrows helped charter the radio division of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), National Educational Radio (NER) . He served as Region III Director, (Region III covered Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin,) on the board of NER. In 1965, he was elected Chairman of the Board of NER. He also chaired the NAEB Network Advisory Committee and the NAEB Board. In 1967, Burrows successfully lobbied for the inclusion of radio in the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 . 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Radio station director and National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) chairman.

From the description of Papers. 1964-1988. (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 29883336

Edwin Gladding Burrows was born on July 23, 1917 in Dallas, Texas to Millar and Irene Gladding Burrows. He received a B.A. from Yale University in 1938 and a M.A. from the University of Michigan in 1940. His first marriage to Gwen Lemon ended in divorce in 1972. He remarried in December of 1973. Burrows has three sons Edwin Gwynne, Daniel William, and David John.

While studying literature at Yale, Burrows worked part time at WICC New Haven, from 1936 to 1938, as a newscaster, announcer, and actor. He left Connecticut to enter the masters program in literature at the University of Michigan. Upon receiving his masters degree, he joined the staff of WWJ-FM in Detroit as an announcer. He moved up the ranks to Program Manager. He left WWJ for active duty as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Naval Reserve. He served as a deck and combat information officer for carriers in the Pacific theater from 1943 to 1946

After the war, he returned to Michigan and began working as Program Director at WPAG, Ann Arbor, from 1946 to 1948. His public radio positions started in 1948 as program director at WUOM, Ann Arbor. Then, he helped create WGVR Grand Rapids in 1961 . In 1966, he was made manager of WUOM and WGVR. After a stint as Director of the National Center for Audio Experimentation at the University of Wisconsin in Madison from 1970 to 1973, Burrows returned to WUOM/WGVR as executive producer, a position he held until 1982. During 1968 to 1970, and 1975 to 1980, as part of a three-hour a week cultural arts program called \"The Eleventh Hour\", Burrows interviewed some 500 individuals including Alvin Ailey, Robert Bly, Peter DeVries, Joyce Carol Oates, and Kurt Vonnegut. Finally, from 1948 to 1970 and from 1973 to 1980, he designed and edited the WUOM/WGVR Monthly Program Guide.

While at WUOM, Burrows helped charter the radio division of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB), National Educational Radio (NER) . He served as Region III Director, (Region III covered Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin,) on the board of NER. In 1965, he was elected Chairman of the Board of NER. He also chaired the NAEB Network Advisory Committee and the NAEB Board. In 1967, Burrows successfully lobbied for the inclusion of radio in the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 . By the end of the sixties, he had become Associate Director of the University of Michigan Broadcasting Service along with his other roles.

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By 1997, the format had shifted to a soft adult contemporary format which eventually was supplied by Jones Radio Network.", "image": "../images/wikipedia/wbow-radio-station-terra-haute-indiana.jpg", "website": [ "http://www.q1027.com/" ], "placeNames": [ "Terre Haute", "Indiana" ], "airtableId": "recAR0J3TWDb7pEAI" }, "airtableId": "recz5LNjDGplPXhxO" }, { "id": "grilli-elise", "name": "Grilli, Elise", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recz5c8ERjiTKflx5" }, { "id": "mutual-security-agency", "name": "Mutual Security Agency", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q18607421", "name": "Mutual Security Agency", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Security_Agency", "inceptionDate": "October 9, 1951", "description": "The Mutual Security Agency (1951–1953) was a US agency to strengthen European allies of World War II through military assistance and economic recovery. 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Hamburger is the Maurice and Hilda Friedman Professor of Law at the Columbia University School of Law. He is a legal historian and a scholar of constitutional law. Before moving to Columbia, Hamburger was John P. Wilson Professor at the University of Chicago Law School, where he was also Director of the Bigelow Program and the Legal History Program. He was previously Oswald Symyster Colclough Research Professor at George Washington University Law School and, before that, he taught at the University of Connecticut Law School. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Virginia Law School and was the Jack N. Pritzker Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Northwestern Law School. Early in his career, he was an associate at the law firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal & Lewis LLP in Philadelphia. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/hamburger-philip.jpg", "occupation": [ "legal scholar" ], "employer": [ "Columbia University" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2002092422" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/97883207" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2002092422" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vf91ct" ], "airtableId": "recghfIYuLzFMgMBL" }, "snac": { "snacId": "40974285", "description": "

Author Philip Hamburger was born on July 2nd, 1914 in Wheeling, West Virginia. His family later moved to New York City, where Hamburger was educated in the public schools. He received a B.A. from Johns Hopkins University (1935) and a M.S. from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism (1938). In 1939 he joined the staff of The New Yorker, where he worked for virtually his entire career.

Hamburger left the magazine briefly from 1941-1943, when he served as a writer in the U.S. government's Office of Facts and Figures and Office of War Information. He then rejoined The New Yorker, and during 1945 was the magazine's European war correspondent. During the 1950s-1990s, Hamburger contributed essays to nearly every section of The New Yorker, including Talk of the Town, Profiles, A Reporter at Large, and Onward and Upward with the Arts . He was the magazine's music critic from 1948-1949, and wrote its television column from 1949-1955. His popular Notes for a Gazetteer essays chronicled his visits to over fifty American cities during the years 1959-1964. Several pieces from this series were collected and published as An American Notebook (1965). Other collections of Hamburger's New Yorker writings include The Oblong Blur and Other Odysseys (1949), Mayor Watching and Other Pleasures (1958), Our Man Stanley (1963) and Curious World (1987). In 1952 Hamburger published J.P. Marquand, Esq., an acclaimed biography based on his New Yorker profile of the American novelist.

Philip Hamburger married the writer Edith Iglauer in 1942. The couple had two sons, Richard and Jay. They divorced in 1966. Hamburger married Anna Walling Matson in 1968.

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Gage", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American politician (1899-1970)", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_R._Gage", "birthDate": "1899-01-13T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1970-03-14T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Worland", "deathPlace": "Cheyenne", "description": "Jack Robert Gage (January 13, 1899 – March 14, 1970) was an American author, educator, and politician who served as the 25th Governor of Wyoming as a member of the Democratic Party. Jack Robert Gage was born on January 13, 1899, in McCook, Nebraska to Will Vernon and LaVaughn Gage. In 1905, the family moved to Worland, Wyoming where Gage was raised. In 1918, he served in the army during World War I artillery until he was honorably discharged in 1919. In 1924, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Wyoming in agriculture. On September 29, 1922, he married Leona Switzer and would later have two sons with her. 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Gage (1899-1970), Democratic governor of Wyoming from 1961-1963, served as postmaster of Sheridan, Wyoming, from 1941 to 1958. He was elected Wyoming secretary of state in 1958, and in 1961 when Governor J.J. Hickey resigned, Gage became governor by succession.

From the description of Jack R. Gage papers, 1892-1975. (University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center). WorldCat record id: 27844515

Wyoming state superintendent of public instruction (1934-1939), secretary of state (1959-1960), and governor 1961-1963).

From the description of Papers, 1961-1962. (Wyoming State Archives). WorldCat record id: 71013081

Jack R. Gage was born on January 13, 1899, in McCook, Nebraska, to Will Vernon and LaVaughn Gage. His father was a physician for the railroad in Wyoming, and they were living in a boxcar at the time of Jack's birth. To avoid giving birth in a boxcar his mother LaVaughn went home to Nebraska. The family settled in Worland, Wyoming, in 1905, where Jack Gage would grow up the only child of Will and LaVaughn. He graduated from Worland High School in 1918. After graduation he enlisted in the United States Army and served in Artillery during World War I. He was honorably discharged in 1919 and went on to complete his education at the University of Wyoming. He graduated in 1924 with a Bachelors of Science degree in Agriculture. While in College he met his wife Leona Switzer from Gillette, Wyoming. They were married September 29, 1922. They had two children, Jack R. Gage Jr., born in 1926, and Richard (Dick) C. Gage, born in 1928.

Jack R. Gage was a Vocational Agriculture teacher from 1924-1925 at the Cambell County High School in Gillette, Wyoming. From 1929-1934 he was a Geology and Biology teacher at Sheridan High School in Sheridan, Wyoming. In 1934 he quit teaching at Sheridan High School in order to run for Wyoming State Superintendent of Public Instruction. He won the election and served a term of four years, but he failed to get reelected in 1938. There are claims that this position made him the first graduate of the University of Wyoming to hold a state office. In 1941 he was appointed Postmaster in Sheridan, Wyoming. He worked there for seventeen years until 1958. During this time he became involved in Rotary and was the District Governor from 1956-1957. He also wrote the historical novel \"Tensleep and No Rest\" and won the Crusade for Freedom award for a peace plan he had submitted. For three weeks in June of 1957 he went to Russia, and he would later give talks about his visit. In 1958 he resigned as the Sheridan Postmaster in order to run for Secretary of State on the Democratic ticket.

He won the election in 1958 and served as Wyoming Secretary of State until 1961. In 1960, after Wyoming Senator Keith Thomson died, Governor Joe Hickey was appointed to replace Thomson in the Senate. On January 2, 1961, Joe Hickey resigned as governor in order to take the new appointment. That same day Jack Gage became the Acting Governor of Wyoming until January 7, 1963, when his term expired. Jack Gage ran for Governor in 1962. He won in the primary, beating William \"Scotty\" Jack, but lost in the general election to Cliff Hansen. After 1963 Jack Gage became a well known speaker and was invited to speak at many functions. He also was a published author of historical novels and articles on Wyoming and the West, such as \" The Geography of Wyoming,\" \"Tensleep and No Rest,\" and \" The Horse, The Buggy, The Doctor.\" Jack Gage died of cancer on March 14, 1970, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, at the age of 71.

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Professor of International Relations at Columbia University in 1946-55 and 1963-72 (in 1955-63 he was adjunct professor at Columbia and Director of Studies of the Council of Foreign Relations). He was director of Columbia's Russian Institute, and one of the founders of the Bakhmeteff Archive. He was the holder of many academic and governmental posts, the author of many articles, and the author of \"Russian Diplomacy and the Opening of the Eastern Question in 1838-1839\" (1934).

From the description of Philip Edward Mosely Papers, ca. 1930-1972. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 320409847

Mosely earned his Harvard AB in 1926, his AM in 1930, and his PhD in 1933.

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The West Bank Union at the University of Minnesota was established in 1967 to offer services to students. It took until 1980 for the union to have its own space in Willey Hall, including an auditorium and lounge spaces for students. Student services and facilities were established in the newly constructed West Bank Union skyway, which connected Willey and Blegen Halls.

From the guide to the West Bank Union papers, circa 1970s-1980s, (University of Minnesota Libraries. University Archives [uarc])

The collection was assembled by staff of the University of Minnesota Archives over a period of several decades.

From the guide to the Class of Photographs collection, 1875-1994, (University of Minnesota Libraries. University of Minnesota Archives [uarc])", "altNames": [ "University of Minnesota." ], "subjects": [ "Football--College--20th century", "Scientific publications", "College presidents--Inauguration", "Natural history", "Appropriations and expenditures", "State universities and colleges--Law and legislation", "Smithsonian Exchange", "Student unions", "University autonomy" ], "placeNames": [ "Minnesota", "Minnesota--Minneapolis", "Minneapolis (Minn.)" ], "airtableId": "recuW0Y5O6mPpMaVB" }, "airtableId": "reczbkcbyXSChWUT2" }, { "id": "watrous-stephen-digby", "name": "Watrous, Stephen Digby", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczc23xgeGMGEiGg" }, { "id": "chambers-gladys", "name": "Chambers, Gladys", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczcNEaQgu65YJMW" }, { "id": "bruzanno-maria-pia", "name": "Bruzanno, Maria Pia", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczd1MnUebqwfYe5" }, { "id": "miller-loren", "name": "Miller, Loren", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczdbMmBWUPWm0aL" }, { "id": "overman-ralph", "name": "Overman, Ralph", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczfHW1X7Vrz65U0" }, { "id": "olson-dorothy", "name": "Olson, Dorothy", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczfqVYaKUXlZ4BM" }, { "id": "murray-pauli-1910-1985", "name": "Murray, Pauli, 1910-1985", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczgAiBr5SCU8zCW" }, { "id": "russell-james-w", "name": "Russell, James W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczgaSHv7d52UEMq" }, { "id": "sibal-abner-w", "name": "Sibal, Abner W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczhedG1YJ2nsl5A" }, { "id": "gould-jack", "name": "Gould, Jack", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6112762", "name": "Jack Gould", "wikidataLabelDescription": "American journalist and critic", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Gould", "birthDate": "1914-02-05T00:00:00Z", "deathDate": "1993-05-24T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "New York City", "deathPlace": "Berkeley", "description": "John Ludlow Gould (February 5, 1914 – May 24, 1993) was an American journalist and critic, who wrote commentary about television. Gould was born in New York City into a socially prominent family and attended the Loomis School. ", "occupation": [ "journalist" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2002025007" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/36273125" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2002025007" ], "snacArk": [ "https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hm99ps" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "subjects": [ { "id": "television-criticism", "title": "Television criticism" } ], "airtableId": "recd9N16Qb3cJAvv0" }, "snac": { "snacId": "73321129", "description": "

Jack Gould (1914-1993), journalist, worked for the New York Times from 1937 to 1972, where he covered show business, radio and television. He was married to Carmen Lewis Gould.

From the description of Gould, Jack, family papers, 1812-1993. (University of Texas Libraries). 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WHSA also broadcasts regional news and programming from studios in the Holden Fine Arts Center at the University of Wisconsin-Superior. WHSA was relayed by an additional translator station W284AN. This has now been removed from the FCC FM Query. ", "website": [ "http://www.wpr.org/" ], "placeNames": [ "Brule", "Wisconsin" ], "airtableId": "recoYWNcZ0nOVwhov" }, "airtableId": "reczn6nclAtgdW7un" }, { "id": "heathcox-james", "name": "Heathcox, James", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczoaSKJokATc6pY" }, { "id": "bruzzano-marcello", "name": "Bruzzano, Marcello", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczp7ZInwPtf0N7i" }, { "id": "gonsalves-paul-1920-1974", "name": "Gonsalves, Paul, 1920-1974", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczpUNKbRA8aWUVR" }, { "id": "rosenthal-phil-vocalist", "name": "Rosenthal, Phil (Vocalist)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "reczplNL5SLn3l9xz" }, { "id": "costello-timothy-w", "name": "Costello, Timothy W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczpzGZtcJZMzhrQ" }, { "id": "dawson-robert-e", "name": "Dawson, Robert E.", "type": "Person", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q7343441", "name": "Robert Dawson", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Canadian wrestler", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dawson_(wrestler)", "birthDate": "1963-12-04T00:00:00Z", "birthPlace": "Windsor", "description": "Robert Terrance Dawson (born December 4, 1963 in Windsor, Ontario) is a retired male wrestler from Canada. Dawson represented Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and twice won a silver medal at the Pan American Games during his career. He won a gold medal at the 1994 Commonwealth Games. ", "altNames": [ "Robert Terrance Dawson" ], "occupation": [ "amateur wrestler" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/48611651" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6px2cfg" ], "airtableId": "recD7TRiDH4ckDJxg" }, "snac": { "snacId": "51902055", "altNames": [ "Dawson, Robert E." ], "airtableId": "recr9KSIC5cnltNV0" }, "airtableId": "reczq0OV4up2UednP" }, { "id": "caples-william-g", "name": "Caples, William G.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczqOPFsx7SL1e94" }, { "id": "hughes-wiley", "name": "Hughes, Wiley", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczqkaKjjlHm7Lzb" }, { "id": "paray-paul-1886-1979", "name": "Paray, Paul, 1886-1979", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczr95GWpFt0Pel5" }, { "id": "young-lester-1909-1959", "name": "Young, Lester, 1909-1959", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczrQkLPHNxCTW56" }, { "id": "kenny-t", "name": "Kenny, T.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recztHYI1bGrwBaZB" }, { "id": "twain-mark-1835-1910", "name": "Twain, Mark, 1835-1910", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recztlDUecAMWm163" }, { "id": "loomis-henry", "name": "Loomis, Henry", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "recztlj42yxJY1JRF" }, { "id": "chartbusters-musical-group", "name": "Chartbusters (Musical group)", "type": "Corporate Body", "airtableId": "reczvBCyXoVZEYYFx" }, { "id": "lavandero-ls", "name": "Lavandero, L.S.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczvDsK79g80jgiQ" }, { "id": "des-moines-sunday-register", "name": "Des Moines Sunday Register", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q3917258", "name": "The Des Moines Register", "wikidataLabelDescription": "newspaper published in Des Moines", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register", "inceptionDate": "1849-01-01T00:00:00Z", "altNames": [ "Des Moines Register", "The Register", "Register", "The Des Moines Register" ], "ownedBy": [ "Gannett" ], "website": [ "http://www.desmoinesregister.com" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6qk4k8b" ], "placeNames": [ "Des Moines" ], "airtableId": "recBS0BRpXlOtDTf6" }, "snac": { "snacId": "57130895", "altNames": [ "Des Moines Register." ], "airtableId": "rec7UWWO6LRBMkrm6" }, "airtableId": "reczw0tvA0NqUx36J" }, { "id": "johansen-k", "name": "Johansen, K.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczxwfQPX25EC0bC" }, { "id": "pepan-edward-f", "name": "Pepan, Edward F.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczyC2rZC0wfljyl" }, { "id": "kfjc-radio-station-los-altos-hills-calif", "name": "KFJC (Radio station : Los Altos Hills, Calif.)", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q6329016", "name": "KFJC", "wikidataLabelDescription": "radio station at Foothill College in Los Altos, California, United States", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFJC", "inceptionDate": "January 1, 1959", "description": "KFJC (89.7 FM) is a non-commercial college radio station in Los Altos Hills, California at Foothill College, using a variety radio format that features a broad spectrum of music styles and public affairs programming. KFJC's over-the-air broadcast is 24/7 and can be heard within the southern San Francisco Bay Area. KFJC's mission is to be a conduit for new and interesting audio art and information.[citation needed] KFJC's music programming is largely oriented to recent material from many different genres. Most programs must play at least 35%[citation needed] (by song count) tracks from material added in the last 8 weeks. The station is licensed to the trustees of the Foothill-De Anza Community College District and operated as a teaching laboratory for the Fine Arts and Communications Department of Foothill College. KFJC, as a community radio station, is almost entirely[vague] funded by listener contributions. The cost of running the station, which is staffed entirely by volunteers, is approximately $100,000 per year[citation needed]. KFJC does have some financial underwriting from local businesses which provides the station. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/kfjc-radio-station-los-altos-hills-calif.png", "ownedBy": [ "Foothill–De Anza Community College District" ], "website": [ "http://www.kfjc.org" ], "placeNames": [ "Los Altos" ], "airtableId": "rec8qfVgVAgxShRlr" }, "airtableId": "reczybhVXQSkbKwoK" }, { "id": "detroit-institute-of-arts", "name": "Detroit Institute of Arts", "type": "Corporate Body", "cpfPage": { "wikidataId": "Q1201549", "name": "Detroit Institute of Arts", "wikidataLabelDescription": "Art museum in Detroit, Michigan", "wikipediaUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts", "inceptionDate": "December 31, 1884", "description": "The Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA), located in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, has one of the largest and most significant art collections in the United States. With over 100 galleries, it covers 658,000 square feet (61,100 m2) with a major renovation and expansion project completed in 2007 that added 58,000 square feet (5,400 m2). The DIA collection is regarded as among the top six museums in the United States with an encyclopedic collection which spans the globe from ancient Egyptian and European works to contemporary art. Its art collection is valued in billions of dollars, up to $8.1 billion according to a 2014 appraisal. The DIA campus is located in Detroit's Cultural Center Historic District, about two miles (3 km) north of the downtown area, across from the Detroit Public Library near Wayne State University. The museum building is highly regarded by architects. The original building, designed by Paul Philippe Cret, is flanked by north and south wings with the white marble as the main exterior material for the entire structure. The campus is part of the city's Cultural Center Historic District listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The museum's first painting was donated in 1883 and its collection consists of over 65,000 works. With about 677,500 visitors annually for 2015, the DIA is among the most visited art museums in the world. The Detroit Institute of Arts hosts major art exhibitions; it contains a 1,150-seat theatre designed by architect C. Howard Crane, a 380-seat hall for recitals and lectures, an art reference library, and a conservation services laboratory. ", "image": "../images/wikipedia/detroit-institute-of-arts.jpg", "altNames": [ "DIA", "Detroit Museum of Art", "The Detroit Institute of Arts" ], "website": [ "http://www.dia.org/" ], "lccn": [ "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79045542" ], "viaf": [ "https://viaf.org/viaf/130157151" ], "worldcat": [ "https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79045542" ], "snacArk": [ "http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b31jbf" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "recCaNtSIYDjZoUJ5" }, "snac": { "snacId": "27960143", "description": "

Art museum; Detroit, Michigan. Incorporated 1885 as Detroit Museum of Art and name changed to Detroit Institute of Arts in 1919.

From the description of Detroit Institute of Arts records, 1882-1979. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122404328

Art museum; Detroit, Mich.

From the description of The Rouge : the image of industry in the art of Charles Sheeler and Diego Rivera : panel discussion, 1978 Sept. 20. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122502662", "altNames": [ "Detroit institute of arts" ], "subjects": [ "Industries in art", "Language and languages--Documentation", "Art and industry", "Mural painting and decoration--20th century", "Museum Directors", "Art, American" ], "placeNames": [ "United States" ], "airtableId": "recaN1wp2wpGMHhpO" }, "airtableId": "reczylButm0wmXOE5" }, { "id": "kerwin-jonathan-w", "name": "Kerwin, Jonathan W.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczyoxu08ih6EWJt" }, { "id": "smith-he", "name": "Smith, H.E.", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczzGl27DqtUuPaD" }, { "id": "jarrell-randall-1914-1965", "name": "Jarrell, Randall, 1914-1965", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczzp3t2dHFrg9cp" }, { "id": "glembotski-lillie", "name": "Glembotski, Lillie", "type": "Person", "airtableId": "reczzyjlybSxGYu5r" } ]